scholarly journals Quality attributes of maize-based supplementary diets in the in vitro for the management of moderately acute malnourished children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADESANMI Raymond Ade ◽  
OKORIE Ijioma John ◽  
NWAMARAH Joy Ugu
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Abstract Background and aimsModerate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) is a major global health problem threatening the life of approximately 33 million children and affects 15% of under- five children in sub-Saharan Africa. The efforts to reduce the burden of severe acute malnutrition and drop child mortality rate require appropriate dietary management of MAM through promotion of an affordable, readily available and locally produced supplementary food. The aim of this study was therefore to formulate and evaluate the quality of locally produced maize-peanut and maize-soybean supplementary food.ResultProximate composition was moisture (74.62%±0.02; 69.11%±0.01), crude protein (7.59%±0.02; 7.19%±0.02), crude fat (3.81%±0.02; 4.79%± 0.04), crude fiber (0.17%±0.02; 0.28%±0.03), ash (0.11%±0.02; 0.10%±0.02), carbohydrate (88.31%±0.02; 87.63%±0.06) and energy (417.96 ± 0.08; 424.05 ± 0.22) Kcal for MSB and MPN gruels, respectively. The mineral contents were calcium (14.15 ± 0.00; 11.81 ± 0.00) mg, iron (5.54 ± 0.00; 4.84 ± 0.00) mg, zinc (3.98 ± 0.00; 3.13 ± 0.00) mg, and iodine (297.33 ± 1.16; 293.00 ± 2.00) µg for MSB and MPN gruels, respectively. Vitamin contents of MSB and MPN gruels were B1 (2.30 ± 0.02; 2.22 ± 0.03) mg, B3(0.08 ± 0.02; 0.06 ± 0.03) mg, B9 (300.00 ± 26.46; 150.00 ± 17.32) mg, A (1.24 ± 0.05; 1.13 ± 0.04) RE, and K (0.86 ± 0.02; 1.98 ± 0.02) µg, respectively. Tannin (0.90 ± 0.03; 0.93 ± 0.02) %, saponin (0.30 ± 0.04; 0.34 ± 0.03) %, oxalate (0.24 ± 0.02; 0.11 ± 0.01) mg and alkaloid (0.12 ± 0.02; 0.10 ± 0.02) mg contents were not significantly different between MSB and MPN gruels.ConclusionThe formulation diets are suitable as supplementary food for the management of moderate malnutrition in children6-59 months, they provided all the required macro and micronutrients as recommended for children under this condition.

scholarly journals Children’s Nutritional Rehabilitation Program in Beira, Mozambique: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Calgaro ◽  
Valentina Isidoris ◽  
Cristian Girotto ◽  
Kajal Chhaganlal ◽  
Jorge Moiane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores

Malnutrition is still a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa and Mozambique. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence to the nutritional rehabilitation program (NRP) and its impact on the growth of malnourished children in Beira, Mozambique. The secondary aim was to verify the prevalence of HIV infection in malnourished children at the time of admission to the NRP. A retrospective observational study in Beira Central Hospital and 10 health centers in Beira, Mozambique, was conducted. All children 0 to 5 years of age with acute malnutrition admitted to the outpatient services of the NRP from March 2016 until February 2017 were included in the study. A total of 1,231 children with the following characteristics have been enrolled: 58% female; 33% severely malnourished; and 16.5% HIV-positive. Of the 198 (21.7%) children who completed the program, 177 (89.4%) recovered from malnutrition and 21 (10.6%) did not. Ten (1.1%) were hospitalized and 706 (77.2%) dropped out of the program. Among children who completed the program, the median weight-for-length and weight-for-height z-scores at admission were ≥ −3 and < −2; at discharge, these median z-scores were ≥ −1 (P < 0.001). Children with HIV infection and who were male had a higher prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (P < 0.001). Weight gain was found to be significant after 23 days (P = 0.004) of consuming supplements (ready-to-use therapeutic food). A diagnosis of the degree of malnutrition was accurate at admission for 70.5%; at discharge, this diagnosis was accurate for 67.2%. The NRP seems to be successful if correctly followed, even if it is limited by adherence problems. However, its effectiveness requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Gambian Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uduak A. Okomo ◽  
Danlami Garba ◽  
Augustin E. Fombah ◽  
Ousman Secka ◽  
Usman N. A. Ikumapayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Management Algorithms

Background. Establishing the pattern of infection and antimicrobial sensitivities in the local environment is critical to rational use of antibiotics and the development of management algorithms.Methods. Morbidity history and physical examination of 140 children with severe acute malnutrition were recorded. Their blood, stool, and urine samples were cultured and antibiotic sensitivity patterns determined for any bacterial pathogens isolated.Results. Thirty-eight children had a pathogen isolated from blood culture, 60% of which were considered contaminants. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the predominant contaminant, while the major causes of bacteraemia were nontyphoidalSalmonella(13%),S. pneumoniae(10%), andE. coli(8%).E. coliaccounted for 58% of the urinary isolates. No pathogen was isolated from stool. In vitro sensitivity by disk diffusion showed that 87.5% of the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and/or gentamicin and 84.4% (27/32) to penicillin and/or gentamicin.Conclusions. A combination of ampicillin and gentamicin provides adequate antibiotic cover for severely malnourished children in The Gambia.

scholarly journals Preparation of Ready to Use Supplementary Food for Treating Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Ntsama ◽  
Julie Judith T. Tsafack ◽  
Gabriel Nama Medoua ◽  
Carl M F Mbofung
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

<p>Children with moderate malnutrition have a high risk of mortality and MAM is associated with a high number of nutrition-related deaths. If some of these children suffering from MAM do not receive adequate support, they may progress towards severe acute malnutrition (SAM), which is a life-threatening condition. Therefore, the management of MAM should be a public health priority<strong></strong></p><p>A well-balanced diet was prepared based on the recommendation of WHO for the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children aged 6 -59 months.  According to the formulae, nine products of RUSF were prepared using cereals, legumes, seeds, oil, sugar, and vitamin and mineral premix. Three products of RUSF MSPe, PBPe, and ISPe were found to be better among the nine products by the mothers after sensory evaluation.</p><p>Based on sensory evaluation in children, RUSF   MSPe was found to be the best among the three products. The product was analyzed for proximate composition, mineral, vitamin, digestibility of protein.  The protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total ash, vitamin C, Vitamin A,  iron, calcium and zinc of 100 g of the product were found to be  15.9g, 33.7g, 44.3g, 6.6g, 2.2g, 54.6 mg, 855 µg,  14.1 mg,  66.6 g and  12.4 µg respectively. The diet can supply 544.5 Kcal/100 g. The energy contributed by the protein, fat, and carbohydrate was found to be 11.68%, 55.7%, and 32.62% of total Kcals respectively. The protein digestibility adjusted to the chemical index PDCASS was 0.95.</p>Hence, the prepared RUSF is in accordance with the specification given by WHO which could be effective in the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children after the clinical trial.

scholarly journals Role of Brown Adipose Tissues / Beige Adipose Tissue (BAT/bAT) relevant genes expression and polymorphism in regulating human body weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanogenic congenital heart disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, the incidence of the disease is unknown. Hospital studies show that it is the most common cyanogenic congenital heart disease. This heart disease, which varies in severity, has benefited from considerable medical progress over the last fifty years. The main objective of the work is to study management modalities of this heart disease in Senegal. Method: This retrospective study conducted from first January 2010 to thirty-one December 2015 in the pediatric cardiology department of the Albert Royer National Children Hospital of Dakar (CHNEAR), involves 125 children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. Results: Tetralogy of Fallot accounted for 18.6% of congenital heart disease. Inbreeding and trisomy 21 were the main risk factors. Cyanosis was the main sign of disease discovery (33.2%) followed by anoxic malaise. Pulsed oxygen saturation averaged 70%. Severe acute malnutrition was detected in 21.8% of our patients. Ultrasound showed a regular pattern in 81 patients (64.8%) and an irregular pattern in 44 cases (35.2%). Modified Blalock surgery was performed in 16 patients (12.8%) and a surgical cure in 43 patients (34.4%). We reported 20 (16%) deaths in this series. Conclusion: The results of our series show an improvement in the management of Fallot tetralogy in Senegal, but the data is insufficient. Effort must be made in the context of disease screening and early surgical management.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review on Nutrition Challenges Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Dzinamarira ◽  
Gashema Pierre ◽  
Itai Chitungo ◽  
Michael Habtu ◽  
Rosemary Okova
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The connection between under-nutrition and HIV is bidirectional. It affects the quality of life, as well as the survival of affected people. While this is the case, there are various nutritional challenges, which are faced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), and which hamper the fight against the scourge. This study therefore sought to map literature on the nutritional challenges among PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa and guide future research in nutritional management to improve health outcomes for PLWH. A systematic search was done from the following sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBSCOhost (CINAHL and Academic Search Complete), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In addition, information was obtained both from unpublished studies, which included book chapters, reference lists, theses and conference papers. Eleven (11) studies met the inclusion criteria, and were used for data extraction. The studies were based in different countries, which form part of the Sub Saharan Africa. One of the studies was carried out in Senegal, two studies were carried out in various West African countries, one study was carried out in Burkina Faso; one study was carried out in Ethiopia and one of the studies was carried out in different countries forming part of the Sub Saharan Africa. Two of the studies were carried out in Zambia, one in Zimbabwe, one in Cameroon, and one in Ghana. Most of the studies established the main nutrition challenge facing PLWH to be food insecurity. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that some of the main nutrition challenges include food insecurity, lack of nutritional support among PLWH, late detection of HIV, huge cost of treating severe acute malnutrition, and lack of feeding supplementations.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni eggs induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activate the protooncogene c-Jun in human and hamster colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Weglage ◽  
Friederike Wolters ◽  
Laura Hehr ◽  
Jakob Lichtenberger ◽  
Celina Wulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
First Time

AbstractSchistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, with considerable morbidity in parts of the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia, in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly also in Europe. The WHO describes an increasing global health burden with more than 290 million people threatened by the disease and a potential to spread into regions with temperate climates like Corsica, France. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of S. mansoni infection on colorectal carcinogenic signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. S. mansoni infection, soluble egg antigens (SEA) and the Interleukin-4-inducing principle from S. mansoni eggs induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the protooncogene c-Jun as well as downstream factor Cyclin D1 and markers for DNA-damage, such as Parp1 and γH2a.x in enterocytes. The presence of these characteristic hallmarks of colorectal carcinogenesis was confirmed in colon biopsies from S. mansoni-infected patients demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings. For the first time it was shown that S. mansoni SEA may be involved in the induction of colorectal carcinoma-associated signaling pathways.

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