scholarly journals Screening of Asa River water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for available pollutants and its effects on mitosis and chromosomes morphology in Allium cepa cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKEEM AKINBORO ◽  
Nike Peter Aina ◽  
Mohammed Akinlabi Rufai ◽  
Asiata Omotayo Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract Improper disposal of wastes as an environmental problem is common in African and other developing countries of the world, and it raises concerns due to its potential threats to the life of organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Asa River in Ilorin, Nigeria was evaluated for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Water samples were collected from three points tagged A, B, C, and each point was 500 m apart from each other. The water samples were used to grow A . cepa for microscopic and macroscopic toxicities screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated following the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The Water samples induced higher mitotic index values, except the sample C which induced smaller mitotic index value than the negative control. Root growth in the exposed A . cepa was significantly promoted at 25.0 % of the water samples, while significant reduction was obtained at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample C, and 100.0 % of the sample A. The absolute water sample A induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations, as the water samples B and C induced higher percentage chromosomal aberration than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water unlike Zinc, Iron, Manganase. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. These pollutants may be responsible for the observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A . cepa cells. Our results suggest that Asa River is polluted, having potential to inflict different adverse effects on human, animals and plants utilizing it along its course.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Asa River Water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for Available Pollutants and their Effects on Mitosis and Chromosomes Morphology in Allium cepa Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
A. Akinboro ◽  
N.A. Peter ◽  
M.A. Rufai ◽  
A.O. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

T: This study evaluated water samples from Asa River in Kwara state, Nigeria, for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Onions were grown in the water samples for microscopic and macroscopic screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated using AAS and GCMS techniques. The Water samples except the sample ‘C’ induced higher mitotic index (MI) than the negative control. Root growth was significantly promoted at 25.0 %, and significantly reduced at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample ‘C’ and 100.0 % of the sample ‘A’. Water sample ‘A’ (100.0%) induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations (CA) while the water samples ‘B’ and ‘C’ induced higher percentage CA than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. The observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A. cepa cells suggest that Asa river was polluted, having potential to adversely affect humans, animals and plants utilizing it along its course. Keywords: Allium cepa; Asa River; cytogenotoxicity; Nigeria; pollutants

scholarly journals Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Dry Seasons

Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Relationships between land use and water quality obtained for the evaluation of genotoxic effects in plant bioindicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jéssica Sieklicki ◽  
Nilton Cesar Pires Bione ◽  
Paulo Costa de Oliveira-Filho ◽  
Viviane Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Kelly Geronazzo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
The City

Anthropic activities as well as land use and occupation are closely linked to water and soil quality. An alternative to assess their influence on water quality in water bodies is through biomonitoring using Allium cepa as a bioindicator organism. This technique allows the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in Allium cepa root meristematic cells after contact with analyzed water samples. Thus, we evaluated the genotoxic potential of water samples from the Rio das Antas (Antas River) along the urban perimeter of the city of Irati, Paraná, Brazil.  With the aid of GeoEye Satellite high-resolution fused orbital images, we searched for possible relationships between the use and occupation of land around this river. Biomonitoring was performed at three different sampling points. Statistical equality between the negative control and Point 1 and between Points 2 and 3 was obtained using Fisher's test and a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The former presented a low frequency of abnormalities chromosomes and the latter presented larger averages. In addition, Point 1 had strong influence of tree vegetation.  Points 2 and 3, demonstrated a strong influence of urbanized area, with significant degradation of permanent preservation areas (áreas de preservação permanente – (APP). The results showed remarkable anthropogenic interference to the ecosystem. Furthermore, this indicates importance of an APP watercourses functioning to preserve the quality of the water resources.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of <24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (<10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

Volatile organic pollutants in biota and sediments of Lake Pontchartrain

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Ferrario ◽  
George C. Lawler ◽  
Ildefonso R. DeLeon ◽  
John L. Laseter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Lake Pontchartrain ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants

Microbiological analysis of Udo Anwankwo river in Ikot Ekpene, South-South Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 005-011
Author(s):  
Jonathan Okokon Ekanem ◽  
Divine Jacob Ottong
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbial Analysis

The microbiological study of water samples obtained from Udo Anwankwo River was investigated. Water samples were collected from three different sampling points along the course of the river and analyzed using standard procedures. The total bacterial counts, total coliform counts and total fungal counts of the water samples ranged from 2.6×105 to 4.8×105cfu/ml, 1.2×104 to 1.8×105cfu/ml and 0.24×103 to 1.9×103cfu/ml respectively. A total of nine bacteria species belonging to the following genera, Bacillus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Enterobacter and Streptococcus were isolated and identified from the samples, while five fungal isolates including members of the genera Aspergillus niger, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Fusarium were isolated. The study through microbial analysis has revealed that the river water sample was not free from pathogens and thereby not suitable for potable use. There is need to put adequate measures towards the control of pollution and proper treatment of the water before usage as it contains pathogenic organisms.

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