scholarly journals Elevated salinity and water table drawdown significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions in soils from contrasting land-use practices in the prairie pothole region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayeb Shahariar ◽  
Richard Farrell ◽  
Raju Soolanayakanahally ◽  
Angela Bedard-Haughn
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Land Use Practices

Abstract Land-use practices can alter shallow groundwater and salinity, further impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly in the hydrologically dynamic riparian zones of wetlands. Emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were estimated in soil cores collected from two prairie pothole region (PPR) sites with three adjacent land-use practices (i.e., annual crop = AC, pasture = PA, and short rotation willow = SRW) and treated with declining water table depths (2 to 26 cm), and salinity (S0 = control, S1 = 6 mS cm− 1, and S2 = 12 mS cm− 1) in a microcosm experiment. Land-use practices significantly (p < 0.001) affected GHG emissions in soils from both sites in the order of PA > AC = SRW. Compared to the control, emissions of CO2 and CH4 were significantly lower under higher salinity treatments (i.e., S1 and S2), while N2O was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Emissions under declining groundwater table depths were significantly (p < 0.001) variable and specific to each gas, indicating the impacts of shifted soil moisture regime. Overall, the CO2 and CH4 emissions increased up to week four and then decreased with declining water table depths, whereas N2O emission increased up to a maximum at week six. The soils from SRW had considerably lower global warming potential compared to AC and PA. Groundwater salinity in soils from contrasting land-use in the PPR has significant impacts on GHG emissions with potential for crucial climate feedback; however, the magnitude and direction of the impacts depend on hydrology.

scholarly journals Impact of short rotation willow as riparian land-use practice on soil organic carbon fractions and composition from two contiguous wetland systems in the prairie pothole region.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayeb Shahariar ◽  
Derek Peak ◽  
Raju Soolanayakanahally ◽  
Angela Bedard-Haughn
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Use Practices

Abstract Evaluating the impact of land-use practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the Canadian prairie pothole region (PPR) is of concern due to the potential to sequester carbon and sustaining soil health. In a field experiment, SOC content, carbon fractions, and chemical composition were assessed under short rotation willow (SRW) plantation in the marginal riparian zones of two PPR wetland sites and compared with adjacent annual crop (AC) and pasture (PA). The SOC, water extractable (WEOC), light fraction (LFOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) were used to evaluate the content and its fractions, whereas Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical composition. The SOC was higher in PA in both sites; however, significant (p < 0.05) only in site B. The SOC, LFOC, and POC followed a similar land-use pattern in both sites, i.e., PA > SRW = AC. The SOC and WEOC were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 0–15 cm across all land-use practices. The ratios of phenolic and amides to polysaccharides were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in site A, while aromatic and carboxylic to polysaccharides were lower under SRW in both sites indicated microbial synthesis of these substances. The abundance of SOC functional groups was higher in the subsoil, accompanied by altered spectral properties with depths showing the potential soil organic matter transformation related to carbon fractions changes. The higher alkyl-C to O-alkyl-C ratio at 15–30 cm under SRW suggested a higher degree of decomposition and better SOC stability.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hao ◽  
Yu Ruihong ◽  
Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽  
Qi Zhen ◽  
Lu Xixi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

Remotely sensed temperature is a proxy of greenhouse gas emissions in intact and managed peatlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ain Kull ◽  
Iuliia Burdun ◽  
Gert Veber ◽  
Oleksandr Karasov ◽  
Martin Maddison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Gas Emissions

&lt;p&gt;Besides water table depth, soil temperature is one of the main drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in intact and managed peatlands. In this work, we evaluate the performance of remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) as a proxy of greenhouse gas emissions in intact, drained and extracted peatlands. For this, we used chamber-measured carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) data from seven peatlands in Estonia collected during vegetation season in 2017&amp;#8211;2020. Additionally, we used temperature and water table depth data measured in situ. We studied relationships between CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, in-situ parameters and remotely sensed LST from Landsat 7 and 8, and MODIS Terra. Results of our study suggest that LST has stronger relationships with surface and soil temperature as well as with ecosystem respiration (R&lt;sub&gt;eco&lt;/sub&gt;) over drained and extracted sites than over intact ones. Over the extracted cites the correlation between R&lt;sub&gt;eco&lt;/sub&gt; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and LST is 0.7, and over the drained sites correlation is 0.5. In natural sites, we revealed a moderate positive relationship between LST and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emitted in hollows (correlation is 0.6) while it is weak in hummocks (correlation is 0.3). Our study contributes to the better understanding of relationships between greenhouse gas emissions and their remotely sensed proxies over peatlands with different management status and enables better spatial assessment of GHG emissions in drainage affected northern temperate peatlands.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hydrologic profiling for greenhouse gas effluxes from natural grasslands in the prairie pothole region of Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 680-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena F. Creed ◽  
Johnston Miller ◽  
David Aldred ◽  
Jennifer K. Adams ◽  
Salvatore Spitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Natural Grasslands

Greenhouse gas emissions and urban form: Linking households’ socio-economic status with housing and transportation choices

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-985
Author(s):  
François Des Rosiers ◽  
Marius Thériault ◽  
Gjin Biba ◽  
Marie-Hélène Vandersmissen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Population Census

The main purpose of this research is to provide new insights for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to transportation, furthering our knowledge on linkages between urban form and economic constraints, travel behaviour, and ability-to-pay of households based on residential choices and property ownership statuses. With Quebec City (Canada) as a case study, it combines an origin-destination (OD) survey, population census data and land use records for 2006 and rests on a series of structural equations models developed at the grid cell level (3,892 cells), which allows for testing for both direct and indirect effects of urban form, accessibility and socio-economic attributes on GHG emissions, households’ transportation and housing financial burdens and motorization rate. As expected, findings suggest that GHG emissions increase with higher incomes (and education), but mainly for homeowners. Tenants displaying a high expenditure-to-income ratio for housing tend to stay close to the city centre (and jobs), thereby minimizing their overall expenditures for transportation while lowering GHG emissions. Potential accessibility by car promotes urban sprawl, thereby contributing to increased GHG emissions. In contrast, increasing residential density and land use mix while providing a better walking access to jobs and local shops tends to favour active transportation, leading to a significant reduction in GHG emissions.

Pattern of greenhouse gas emission from a Prairie Pothole agricultural landscape in Manitoba, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Dunmola ◽  
M. Tenuta ◽  
A P Moulin ◽  
P. Yapa ◽  
D A Lobb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Landscape Elements

To obtain accurate N2O and CH4 emission estimates from the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, knowledge of landscape pattern and soil factors is important. A field study was conducted investigating the temporal and spatial variation in N2O and CH4 emissions from spring to fall 2005 and spring-thaw to post-fertilizer application period 2006 using static-vented chambers located at upper, middle and lower landscape elements planted to spring wheat in 2005 and flax in 2006 and riparian areas in an undulating terrain in southern Manitoba. N2O was emitted during spring-thaw and post-fertilizer application periods for cropped positions and CH4 was emitted about 7 wk after soil thaw for lower and riparian elements. While there was no statististical difference in N2O emission from upper, middle and lower landscape elements, there was greater occurrence of N2O emission hotspots at the lower element, associated with its comparatively higher soil moisture and carbon availability. A location of intense CH4 emission in a riparian area had considerably less soil sulfate compared with other riparian locations. We conclude that hotspots for N2O and CH4 emission within the landscape are localized and driven by high soil moisture and C availability, and riparian areas should be identified separately from cropped areas, as their N2O and CH4 emissions are lower and higher, respectively. Riparian areas having high sulfate concentrations do not seem to emit appreciable amounts of CH4.Key words: Greenhouse gas emission, landscape element, landscape variability, methane, nitrous oxide, Prairie Pothole Region, sulfate

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