scholarly journals Injection of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles To Treat Spinal Cord Injury In Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Behroozi ◽  
Behnaz Rahimi ◽  
Michael R Hamblin ◽  
Farinaz Nasirinezhad ◽  
Atousa Janzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Introduction: The present study, investigated the local injection of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) into Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions in rats, and the effect on motor performance and neuropathic pain, together with biochemical markers.Methods: 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (healthy animals); sham group (laminectomy); SCI group (laminectomy+SCI induction); treatment group (laminectomy + SCI induction + intrathecal injection of 10 µL of CeONPs (1000 µg/mL) immediately after injury). SCI was induced by application of an aneurysm clip at the T12-T13 vertebral region. Immediately after SCI, CeONPs were injected into the treatment group with a Hamilton syringe and micropipet. H&E staining and measurement of the size of the cavity were performed after 6 weeks, and the BBB motor performance test and pain threshold test were performed weekly. GCSF expression, P44/42 MAPK (ERK1/ERK2), P-P44/42 MAPK (ERK1/ERK2), total Tau, total MAG, β-actin were evaluated after 6 weeks.Results: The BBB score and pain threshold improved in animals receiving CeONPs compared with SCI animals. The size of the cavity decreased in the treatment group. GCSF protein expression levels were similar in animals receiving CeONPs compared with the SCI group, but the expression of ERK1/ERK2 and phospho-ERK was lower compared with the SCI group. The expression levels of Tau and MAG were significantly increased in treated animals compared to the SCI group.Conclusion: The use of CeONPs in SCI could improve motor functional recovery, reduce pain and increase nerve cell regeneration.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING NEW METHODS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY TREATMENT USING MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN COMBINATION WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Sergey Kolesov ◽  
Andrey Panteleyev ◽  
Maxim Sazhnev ◽  
Arkadiy Kazmin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Potential Amplitude ◽  
Cord Injury

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the amount of loss of function after spinal cord transection of varying extents, and whether magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, in combination with an external magnetic field, improve the rate of subsequent functional recovery in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into groups with 50%, 80% and complete spinal cord transection. The animals of all three study groups were administered magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspension to the area of injury. The three control groups were not administered magnetic nanoparticles, but had corresponding transection levels. All animals were exposed to a magnetic field for 4 weeks. Loss of postoperative function and subsequent recovery were assessed using the BBB motor function scale and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring on the first day after surgery, and then weekly. Terminal histological analysis was also conducted in all the groups. Results: The animals in the control or complete transection groups did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in either the BBB scores or evoked potential amplitude over the four-week period. In the group with 50% transection, however, a statistically significant increase in evoked potential amplitude and BBB scores was observed four weeks after surgery, with the highest increase during the second week of the study. In the group with 80% transection, only improvement in evoked potential amplitude was statistically significant, although less pronounced than in the 50% transection group. Conclusion: The use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with a magnetic field leads to higher rates of functional recovery after spinal cord injury in laboratory animals. The mechanism of this functional improvement needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Repairing and Analgesic Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ling-ling Wu ◽  
Xiao-ming Pan ◽  
Hao-hao Chen ◽  
Xiao-yan Fu ◽  
Jinzhan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Over Time

Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into spinal cord injury (SCI) may alleviate neuropathic pain and promote functional recovery. The underlying mechanism likely involves activation of glial cells and regulation of inflammatory factors but requires further validation. SCI was induced in 16 ICR mice using an SCI compression model, followed by injection of lentiviral vector-mediated green fluorescent protein- (GFP-) labeled hUC-MSCs 1 week later. Behavioral tests, histological evaluation, and inflammatory factor detection were performed in the treatment (SCI+hUC-MSCs) and model (SCI) groups. Histological evaluation revealed GFP expression in the spinal cord tissue of the treatment group, implying that the injected MSCs successfully migrated to the SCI. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores showed that motor function gradually recovered over time in both groups, but recovery speed was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the model group. The pain threshold in mice decreased after SCI but gradually increased over time owing to the self-repair function of the body. The corresponding pain threshold of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the model group, indicating the therapeutic and analgesic effects of hUC-MSCs. Expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the spinal cord tissue of the treated group decreased, whereas glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression along with ED1 expression increased compared with those in the model group, suggesting that SCI activated ED1 inflammatory macrophages/microglia, which were subsequently reduced by hUC-MSC transplantation. hUC-MSCs are speculated to enhance the repair of the injured spinal cord tissue and exert an analgesic effect by reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulating the expression of GDNF.

Spatial and temporal expression levels of specific microRNAs in a spinal cord injury mouse model and their relationship to the duration of compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Ziu ◽  
Lauren Fletcher ◽  
Jennifer G. Savage ◽  
David F. Jimenez ◽  
Murat Digicaylioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Improved motor performance in chronic spinal cord injury following upper-limb robotic training

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Cortes ◽  
Jessica Elder ◽  
Avrielle Rykman ◽  
Lynda Murray ◽  
Manuel Avedissian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Robotic Training ◽  
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and GAP43 and 5-HT expression in rats with spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052097076
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Deqi Xiong ◽  
Rizhao Pang ◽  
Qian Deng ◽  
Nianyi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulation Group

Objectives Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling central nervous system disorder. This study aimed to explore the effects of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) of different spinal cord segments on movement function and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) expression in rats after acute SCI and to preliminarily discuss the optimal rTSMS treatment site to provide a theoretical foundation and experimental evidence for clinical application of rTSMS in SCI. Methods A rat T10 laminectomy SCI model produced by transient application of an aneurysm clip was used in the study. The rats were divided into group A (sham surgery), group B (acute SCI without stimulation), group C (T6 segment stimulation), group D (T10 segment stimulation), and group E (L2 segment stimulation). Results In vivo magnetic stimulation protected motor function, alleviated myelin sheath damage, decreased NgR and Nogo-A expression levels, increased GAP43 and 5-HT expression levels, and inhibited terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and apoptosis-related protein expression in rats at 8 weeks after the surgery. Conclusions This study suggests that rTSMS can promote GAP43 and 5-HT expression and axonal regeneration in the spinal cord, which is beneficial to motor function recovery after acute SCI.

Motor, sensitive, and vegetative recovery in rats with compressive spinal-cord injury after combined treatment with erythropoietin and whole-body vibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Svenja Rink ◽  
Maria Eleni Manthou ◽  
Julia Arnold ◽  
Merle Grigo ◽  
Paulina Dicken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Cord Injury

Background: Physical therapy with whole body vibration (WBV) following compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats restores density of perisomatic synapses, improves body weight support and leads to a better bladder function. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the combined treatment with WBV plus erythropoietin (EPO) would further improve motor, sensory and vegetative functions after SCI in rats. Methods: Severe compressive SCI at low thoracic level was followed by a single i.p. injection of 2,5μg (250 IU) human recombinant EPO. Physical therapy with WBV started on 14th day after injury and continued over a 12-week post injury period. Locomotor recovery, sensitivity tests and urinary bladder scores were analysed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after SCI. The closing morphological measurements included lesion volume and numbers of axons in the preserved perilesional neural tissue bridges (PNTB). Results: Assessment of motor performance sensitivity and bladder function revealed no significant effects of EPO when compared to the control treatments. EPO treatment neither reduced the lesion volume, nor increased the number of axons in PNTB. Conclusions: The combination of WBV + EPO exerts no positive effects on hind limbs motor performance and bladder function after compressive SCI in rats.

scholarly journals Nuclear Heme Oxidase-1 Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunlong Bi ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Deshui Yu ◽  
Jia’ai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cord Injury

The treatment goal for spinal cord injury (SCI) is to repair neurites and suppress cellular apoptosis. This study is to investigate the effects of nuclear heme oxidase-1 (HO-1) on the acute spinal cord injury and the related mechanisms. The rat model of the SCI was established. On day 7, before model establishment, the adenovirus vector carrying nuclear HO-1 (Ad-GFP-HO-1CΔ23) was injected into the animals into the tenth thoracic spine (T10) segment by the intrathecal injection. Starting from after the model establishment to day 28, the recovery of motor function was assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring method. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the expression patterns of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. HE and Nissl staining methods were used to evaluate the structural damage and the number of surviving neurons near the injured area. The TUNEL method was conducted to evaluate the apoptotic degree. Protein expression levels were detected with the Western blot analysis. The BBB assay scores in the nuclear HO-1 group were significantly higher than the blank and adenovirus control groups. Moreover, compared to the blank and adenovirus control groups, the neuronal apoptosis in the nuclear HO-1 group was significantly alleviated. Furthermore, the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, i.e., CHOP, GRP78, and caspase-12, were significantly decreased in the nuclear HO-1 group. Nuclear HO-1 significantly improves the SCI, promotes the functional recovery, inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alleviates the apoptotic process after SCI.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture at the Four Abdominal and Sacral Acupoints for Urinary Retention after Spinal Cord Injury: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Jiani Yu ◽  
Weichuan Kuang ◽  
Xiaoyin Wang ◽  
Xi Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Urine ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background：Urinary retention is a general and serious refractory complication after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, effective therapeutic approaches remain limited. Previous clinical and animal research have clarified that acupuncture could be beneficial to the recovery of bladder function, however, most of the previous trials are of low quality and high-quality studies are still necessary.Methods: Here, we conduct a study design and protocol of a randomized, blinded, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture at the “Four Abdominal and Sacral Acupoints” for urinary retention after SCI. A total of 90 patients with residual urine above 300ml will be recruited in the trial and randomized into treatment group or control group. Patients in the treatment group will receive Electroacupuncture at the “Four Abdominal and Sacral Acupoints” combined with conventional treatment while patients in the control group will receive conventional treatment alone for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are changes of residual urine volume at baseline, after the final treatment and 4 weeks after the final treatment. The secondary outcome measures will be the proportions of participants with residual urine decline≥50% and efficacy rate after 4 weeks’ treatment, as well as the proportion of patients with catheterization, Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) and the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infection at baseline, after the final treatment and 4 weeks after the final treatment. The safety will also be assessed by monitoring the incidence of adverse events and changes in vital signs during the study.Discussion：Results from this trial will significantly support the application of electroacupuncture in the recovery of bladder function after SCI. If found to be effective and safe, electroacupuncture will be a valuable complementary option for patients with urinary retention after SCI.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR 1900022089. Registered on 24 March 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=37161.

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