scholarly journals Predictive markers of transmission in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania based on seroprevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Diotrephes Kaaya ◽  
Debora C Kajeguka ◽  
Johnson J Matowo ◽  
Arnold J Ndaro ◽  
Franklin W Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
Malaria Endemicity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess Plasmodium falciparum exposure in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania using serological markers; PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119.Results Bondo had a higher seroprevalence 36.6% (188) for PfAMA-1 as compared to Hai 13.8% (33), χ2=34.66, p<0.01. Likewise, Bondo had a higher seroprevalence 201(36.6%) for PfMSP-1 as compared to Hai 41 (17.2%), χ2 =29.62, p<0.01. Anti-PfAMA-1 titters were higher in malaria positive individuals (n = 47) than in malaria negative individuals (n = 741) (p = 0.07). Anti-PfMSP-1 antibody concentrations were significantly higher in malaria-positive individuals (n = 47) than in malaria-negative individuals (n = 741) (p = 0.003).Antibody response against PfAMA-1 was significantly different between the three age groups; <5 years, 5 to 15 years and >15 years in both sites of Bondo and Hai. Likewise, antibody response against PfMSP-119 was significantly different between the three-age groups in the two sites. (p<0.001). We also found significant differences in the anti-PfAMA-1and anti-PfMSP-119 antibody concentrations among the three age groups in the two sites (p=0.004 and 0.005) respectively. Immunological indicators of Plasmodium falciparum exposure have proven to be useful in explaining long-term changes in the transmission dynamics especially in low transmission settings.

scholarly journals Predictive markers of transmission in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania based on seroprevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Kaaya ◽  
Debora C. Kajeguka ◽  
Johnson J. Matowo ◽  
Arnold J. Ndaro ◽  
Franklin W. Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Endemicity ◽  
North Eastern

Abstract Objective A community-based cross-sectional study was done to assess Plasmodium falciparum exposure in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania using serological markers; PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119. Results Bondo had a higher seroprevalence 36.6% (188) for PfAMA-1 as compared to Hai 13.8% (33), χ2 = 34.66, p < 0.01. Likewise, Bondo had a higher seroprevalence 201(36.6%) for PfMSP-1 as compared to Hai 41 (17.2%), χ2 = 29.62, p < 0.01. Anti-PfAMA-1 titters were higher in malaria positive individuals (n = 47) than in malaria negative individuals (n = 741) (p = 0.07). Anti-PfMSP-1 antibody concentrations were significantly higher in malaria-positive individuals (n = 47) than in malaria-negative individuals (n = 741) (p = 0.003). Antibody response against PfAMA-1 was significantly different between the three age groups; < 5 years, 5 to 15 years and > 15 years in both sites of Bondo and Hai. Likewise, antibody response against PfMSP-119 was significantly different between the three age groups in the two sites (p < 0.001). We also found significant differences in the anti-PfAMA-1and anti-PfMSP-119 antibody concentrations among the three age groups in the two sites (p = 0.004 and 0.005) respectively. Immunological indicators of P. falciparum exposure have proven to be useful in explaining long-term changes in the transmission dynamics, especially in low transmission settings.

scholarly journals The epidemiology and detectability of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in low, moderate and high transmission settings in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elifaged Hailemeskel ◽  
Surafel K Tebeje ◽  
Sinknesh W. Behaksra ◽  
Girma Shumie ◽  
Getasew Shitaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Background As countries move to malaria elimination, detecting and targeting asymptomatic malaria infections might be needed. Here, the epidemiology and detectability of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections were investigated in different transmission settings in Ethiopia. Method: A total of 1093 dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected from afebrile and apparently healthy individuals across ten study sites in Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020. Of these, 862 were from community and 231 from school based cross-sectional surveys. Malaria infection status was determined by microscopy or rapid diagnostics tests (RDT) and 18S rRNA-based nested PCR (nPCR). The annual parasite index (API) was used to classify endemicity as low (API > 0 and < 5), moderate (API ≥ 5 and < 100) and high transmission (API ≥ 100) and detectability of infections was assessed in these settings. Results In community surveys, the overall prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections by microscopy/RDT, nPCR and all methods combined was 12.2% (105/860), 21.6% (183/846) and 24.1% (208/862), respectively. The proportion of nPCR positive infections that was detectable by microscopy/RDT was 48.7% (73/150) for P. falciparum and 4.6% (2/44) for P. vivax. Compared to low transmission settings, the likelihood of detecting infections by microscopy/RDT was increased in moderate (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.6–7.2, P = 0.002) and high endemic settings (AOR = 5.1; 95% CI 2.6–9.9, P < 0.001). After adjustment for site and correlation between observations from the same survey, the likelihood of detecting asymptomatic infections by microscopy/RDT (AOR per year increase = 0.95, 95% CI 0.9–1.0, P = 0.013) declined with age. Conclusions Conventional diagnostics missed nearly half of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir detected by nPCR. The detectability of infections was particularly low in older age groups and low transmission settings. These findings highlight the need for sensitive diagnostic tools to detect the entire parasite reservoir and potential infection transmitters.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in the malacofauna of the pond-type experimental lake Warniak (Mazurian Lakeland, North-Eastern Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Ewa Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska ◽  
Beata Jakubik ◽  
Krzysztof Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Pond Type

scholarly journals The Epidemiology and Detectability of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum Infections in Low, Moderate and High Transmission Settings in Ethiopia 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elifaged Hailemeskel ◽  
Surafel K Tebeje ◽  
Sinknesh Behaksra ◽  
Girma Shumie ◽  
Getasew Shitaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
School Based ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Background: As countries move to malaria elimination, detecting and targeting asymptomatic malaria infections might be needed. Here, we investigated the epidemiology and detectability of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections in different transmission settings in Ethiopia.Method: A total of 1093 dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected from afebrile and apparently healthy individuals across ten study sites in Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020. Of these, 862 were from community and 231 from school based cross-sectional surveys. Malaria infection status was determined by microscopy or rapid diagnostics tests (RDT) and 18S rRNA based nested PCR (nPCR). The annual parasite index (API) was used to classify endemicity as low (API>0 and<5), moderate (API ≥5 and <100) and high transmission (API≥100) and detectability of infections was assessed in these settings. Results: In community surveys, the overall prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections by microscopy/RDT, nPCR and all methods combined was 12.2% (105/860), 21.6% (183/846) and 24.1% (208/862), respectively. The proportion of nPCR positive infections that was detectable by microscopy/RDT was 48.7% (73/150) for P. falciparum and 4.6% (2/44) for P. vivax. Compared to low transmission settings, the likelihood of detecting infections by microscopy/RDT was increased in moderate (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.4; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.6-7.2, P=0.002) and high endemic settings (AOR=5.1; 95%CI=2.6-9.9, P<0.001). After adjustment for site and correlation between observations from the same survey, the likelihood of detecting asymptomatic infections by microscopy/RDT (AOR per year increase = 0.95, 95%CI=0.9-1.0, P=0.013) declined with age.Conclusion: Conventional diagnostics missed nearly half of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir detected by nPCR. The detectability of infections was particularly low in older age groups and low transmission settings. These findings highlight the need for sensitive diagnostic tools to detect the entire parasite reservoir and potential infection transmitters.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in the north-eastern coast the Black Sea population of an invasive bivalve Anadara kagoshimensis

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
G. A. Kolyuchkina ◽  
◽  
M. V. Chikina ◽  
S. V. Biryukova ◽  
N. I. Bulysheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Anadara Kagoshimensis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Term Changes

scholarly journals Predictive markers of transmission in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania based on seroprevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Diotrephes Kaaya ◽  
Debora C Kajeguka ◽  
Johnson J Matowo ◽  
Arnold J Ndaro ◽  
Franklin W Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract BackgroundDue to the scale-up of different interventions, Malaria burden declined significantly in many African countries between 2000 and 2015. As a result, some areas have become suitable for malaria elimination, and in such a situation, Due to the insensitivity of most commonly used methods, malaria transmission assessment is difficult. In north-eastern Tanzania, we tested for Plasmodium falciparum exposure by using serological markers.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bondo, Tanga and Hai, Kilimanjaro between June and December 2014. A total of 788 participants were enrolled and screened for malaria and IgG antibodies against PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119 antigens using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Malaria parasites were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the Antibody levels between two independent groups (i.e. positive versus negative). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons between more than two age groups. Pearson's Chi-squared (χ2) test was used to compare proportions.ResultsGenerally, malaria prevalence by PCR in two sites was 20.4% (161), with Bondo having a higher prevalence of 28.1% (n= 154) as compared to Hai 2.9%, (n= 7), χ2=64.64, p<0.01. Anti-PfAMA-1 and anti-PfMSP-119 antibody concentrations were higher in malaria positive than malaria negative individuals, Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.07 and p=0.003 respectively. Antibody response against PfAMA-1 was significantly different between the three age groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001).ConclusionPlasmodium falciparum exposure immunological indicators have proven useful for explaining the dynamics of transmission, especially in low transmission environments like Hai.

scholarly journals Endemic Burkitt lymphoma is associated with strength and diversity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria stage-specific antigen antibody response

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aka ◽  
Maria Candida Vila ◽  
Amar Jariwala ◽  
Francis Nkrumah ◽  
Benjamin Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Key Points eBL was positively associated with anti–HRP-II antibodies and inversely associated with anti-SE36 antibodies. Anti–HRP-II antibodies suggest that recent malaria infection triggers the onset of eBL; anti-SE36 antibodies suggest long-term infection and immunity.

Long-term changes in abundance of bats as revealed by their frequency in tawny owls’ diet

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lesiński
Keyword(s):  
Average Value ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prey Items

AbstractPercentage of bats in tawny owls’ diet was compared in three periods: I — before 1976, II — 1976–1992, III — 1993–2009, by using the published and unpublished material from Poland (only samples over 100 vertebrate prey items). This species of owl showed an opportunistic predation on bats and took them more frequently in periods of higher abundance. Before the mass use of toxic pesticides in Poland, in the period I bats constituted more than 2% of vertebrates in four out of five diet samples (median 2.4%). The lowest bat abundance occurred in Poland in the 1980s and resulted in the lowest percentage of bats taken by owls in the period II (n = 11, median 0.2%). Due to the recovery of bat populations in the period III, the percentage of bats in tawny owls’ diet increased (n = 23, median 0.7%). In large samples (over 200 vertebrate items, n = 21) collected in central and north-eastern Poland the percentage of bats increased from 1980 to 2009 (the estimated average value at the end of that period slightly exceeded 1%). Samples collected at the same five sites in 1975–1992 and again in 2000–2009, confirmed the increasing trend in percentage of bats captured by tawny owls noted in last years.

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