scholarly journals Adherence Measurements among HIV-positive Adolescents on ARVs in Cameroon: Comparison between Self-report and the Medication Possession Ratio

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuwir Charlotte Bongfen ◽  
Kwasi Torpey ◽  
Ganle John ◽  
Ankomah Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective Adherence to ARV medications has been shown to improve treatment outcomes in HIV positive patients. Given that treatment to ARV is lifelong, adherence has become a critical issue as it may reduce over time. Measuring adherence is therefore imperative in programming. There are different methods of measuring adherence with advantages and disadvantages depending on the context and the time. This study therefore compares two adherence measurement scales; Medication Possession Ration (MPR) and self-report adherence in Cameroon.Results The self-report adherence was 82.9% while adherence from the MPR was 73.4%. The two measures were compared using kappa statistics. There was substantial agreement between the two scales of 66% (p=0.54). The results of both self-report adherence and MPR were also compared with viral load suppression and the difference between viral load suppression and MPR was significant (p<0.01). The difference in adherence between viral load suppression and the self-report measure was also shown to be significant (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Measuring Adherence to ARVs among HIV-positive Adolescents in Cameroon: A Comparative Assessment of Self-report and Medication Possession Ratio Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuwir Charlotte Bongfen ◽  
Kwasi Torpey ◽  
John Ganle ◽  
Ankomah Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Difference

Abstract ObjectiveAdherence to ARV medications has been shown to improve treatment outcomes in HIV positive patients. Given that ARV treatment is lifelong, adherence has become a critical issue as it may reduce over time. Measuring adherence is therefore imperative in programming. There are different methods of measuring adherence each with its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the context and the time. This study therefore compares two widely used adherence measurement scales in Cameroon, namely, the self-report and the Medication Possession Ration (MPR) methods.ResultsThe study shows that adherence level using the self-report technique is 82.9% while that of MPR was 73.4%. When compared using the using Kappa statistics, there was substantial agreement between the two scales of 66% (p=0.54). The results of both self-report adherence and MPR were also compared with viral load suppression and the difference between viral load suppression and MPR was significant (p<0.01). The difference in adherence between viral load suppression and the self-report measure also showed to be significant (p<0.01).

Observational study of the populations accessing rapid point-of-care HIV testing in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, through a retrospective chart review of site records

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Blain Johnston ◽  
Joss N Reimer ◽  
John L Wylie ◽  
Jared Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Test

ObjectivesHIV point-of-care testing (POCT) has been available in Manitoba since 2008. This study evaluated the effectiveness of POCT at identifying individuals with previously unknown HIV status, its effects on clinical outcomes and the characteristics of the populations reached.MethodsA retrospective database review was conducted for individuals who received HIV POCT from 2011 to 2014. Time to linkage to care and viral load suppression were compared between individuals who tested positive for HIV using POCT and controls identified as positive through standard screening. Testing outcomes for labouring women with undocumented HIV status accessing POCT during labour were also assessed.Results3204 individuals received POCT (1055 females (32.9%) and 2149 males (67.1%)), being the first recorded HIV test for 2205 (68.8%). Males were more likely to be targeted with POCT as their first recorded HIV test (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.40). Between the two main test sites (Main Street Project (MSP) and Nine Circles Community Health Centre), MSP tested relatively fewer males (AOR 0.79) but a higher proportion of members of all age groups over 30 years old (AOR 1.83, 2.51 and 3.64 for age groups 30–39, 40–49 and >50, respectively). There was no difference in time to linkage to care (p=0.345) or viral load suppression (p=0.405) between the POCT and standard screening cohorts. Of 215 women presenting in labour with unknown HIV status, one was identified as HIV positive.ConclusionsPOCT in Manitoba has been successful at identifying individuals with previously unknown HIV-positive status. Demographic differences between the two main testing sites support that this intervention is reaching unique populations. Given that we observed no significant difference in time to clinical outcomes, it is reasonable to continue using POCT as a targeted intervention.MeSH termsHIV infection; rapid HIV testing; vertical infectious disease transmission; community outreach; service delivery; marginalised populations.

Clinical profile and viral load suppression among HIV positive adolescents attending a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
EstherS Yiltok ◽  
CordeliaY Agada ◽  
Ruth Zoakah ◽  
AwengG Malau ◽  
DoohA Tanyishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
North Central

scholarly journals What gaps remain in the HIV cascade of care? Results of a population-based survey in Nsanje District, Malawi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248410
Author(s):  
Nolwenn Conan ◽  
Cyrus P. Paye ◽  
Reinaldo Ortuno ◽  
Alexander Chijuwa ◽  
Brown Chiwandira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Cascade Of Care

Introduction The Malawi Ministry of Health (MoH) has been in collaboration with Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) to increase access to quality HIV care through decentralization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) diagnosis and treatment from hospital to clinics in Nsanje District since 2011. A population-based household survey was implemented to provide information on HIV prevalence and cascade of care to inform and prioritize community-based HIV interventions in the district. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2016 and January 2017. Using two-stage cluster sampling, eligible adult individuals aged ≥15 years living in the selected households were asked to participate. Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV at home. Those tested HIV-positive had their HIV-RNA viral load (VL) measured, regardless of their ART status. All participants tested HIV-positive at the time of the survey were advised to report their HIV test result to the health facility of their choice that MSF was supported in the district. HIV-RNA VL results were made available in this health facility. Results Among 5,315 eligible individuals, 91.1% were included in the survey and accepted an HIV test. The overall prevalence was 12.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 11.2–13.0) and was higher in women than in men: 14.0% versus 9.5%, P<0.001. Overall HIV-positive status awareness was 80.0% (95%CI: 76.4–83.1) and was associated with sex (P<0.05). Linkage to care was 78.0% (95%CI: 74.3–81.2) and participants in care 76.2% (95%CI: 72.4–79.5). ART coverage among participants aware of their HIV-positive status was 95.3% (95%CI: 92.9–96.9) and was not associated with sex (P = 0.55). Viral load suppression among participants on ART was 89.9% (95%CI: 86.6–92.4) and was not statistically different by sex (p = 0.40). Conclusions Despite encouraging results in HIV testing coverage, cascade of care, and UNAIDS targets in Nsanje District, some gap remains in the first 90, specifically among men and young adults. Enhanced community engagement and new strategies of testing, such as index testing, could be implemented to identify those who are still undiagnosed, particularly men and young adults.

scholarly journals Baseline Clinical Characteristics, Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Viral Load Suppression Among HIV-Positive Young Men of Color Who Have Sex with Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. S9-S14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman ◽  
Karen Jones ◽  
Gregory Phillips ◽  
Amy Wohl ◽  
Thomas P. Giordano, for The YMSM of Color SPN
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Men Of Color ◽  
Sex With Men

Levels of Death Anxiety in Terminally Ill Persons: A Cross Validation and Extension

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Heather L. Servaty ◽  
Toni Christman ◽  
Elaine Mumy
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

In order to explore the viability of the distinction between overt and covert levels of death fear, 141 individuals (32 HIV positive who had full-blown AIDS, 39 HIV positive without full-blown AIDS, 70 age-matched controls) were administered measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety as well as a variety of self-report scales assessing life satisfaction, well-being, regrets about one's life, and hopelessness. While results suggested minimal differences to exist between the above groups for measures of conscious death fear, there were substantive, though in some respects, unanticipated differences across groups in aspects of covert fear tapping concerns about the interruption of goals and achievements, isolation from others, and pain, disease, and suffering. Results also suggested that there were both adjustment-related advantages and disadvantages associated with the appearance of symptoms signaling the appearance of full-blown AIDS. Neither gender nor the duration of time one had been living with the diagnosis of either HIV disease or AIDS influenced death fear.

scholarly journals Violence Screening and Viral Load Suppression Among HIV-Positive Women of Color

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
pp. S36-S41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ryerson Espino ◽  
Jason Fletcher ◽  
Marisol Gonzalez ◽  
Allison Precht ◽  
Jessica Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

scholarly journals Migration in Namibia and its association with HIV acquisition and treatment outcomes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256865
Author(s):  
Andrea Low ◽  
Karam Sachathep ◽  
George Rutherford ◽  
Anne-Marie Nitschke ◽  
Adam Wolkon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Hiv Test

Background In the 21st century, understanding how population migration impacts human health is critical. Namibia has high migration rates and HIV prevalence, but little is known about how these intersect. We examined the association between migration and HIV-related outcomes using data from the 2017 Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA). Methods and findings The NAMPHIA survey selected a nationally representative sample of adults in 2017. All adults aged 15–64 years were invited to complete an interview and home-based HIV test. Recent infection (<130 days) was measured using HIV-1 LAg avidity combined with viral load (>1000 copies/mL) and antiretroviral analyte data. Awareness of HIV status and antiretroviral use were based on self-report and/or detectable antiretrovirals in blood. Viremia was defined as having a viral load ≥1000 copies/mL, including all participants in the denominator regardless of serostatus. We generated community viremia values as a weighted proportion at the EA level, excluding those classified as recently infected. Significant migrants were those who had lived outside their current region or away from home >one month in the past three years. Recent cross-community in-migrants were those who had moved to the community <two years ago. Separate analyses were done to compare significant migrants to non-migrants and recent cross-community in-migrants to those who in-migrated >two years ago to determine the association of migration and timing with recent infection or viral load suppression (VLS). All proportions are weighted. Of eligible adults, we had HIV results and migration data on 9,625 (83.9%) of 11,474 women and 7,291 (73.0%) of 9,990 men. Most respondents (62.5%) reported significant migration. Of cross-community in-migrants, 15.3% were recent. HIV prevalence was 12.6% and did not differ by migration status. Population VLS was 77.4%. Recent cross-community in-migration was associated with recent HIV infection (aOR: 4.01, 95% CI 0.99–16.22) after adjusting for community viremia. Significant migration (aOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97) and recent cross-community in-migration (aOR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.92) were associated with lower VLS, primarily due to lack of awareness of HIV infection. The study was limited by lack of precise data on trajectory of migration. Conclusions Despite a high population-level VLS, Namibia still has migrant populations that are not accessing effective treatment for HIV. Targeting migrants with effective prevention and testing programs in communities with viremia could enable further epidemic control.

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