scholarly journals Effects of Rock Outcrops On Adjacent Soil Patches And Plants In A Karst Ecosystem In Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Xin Shen ◽  
Qing-he Wang ◽  
Zhi-Meng Zhao ◽  
Qiong-Fen Li ◽  
Sheng-Chun Bi
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Purpose Rock outcrops (ROCs) are common structures in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in karst regions. However, their effects on adjacent soil patches and plants are rarely studied. In this study, the effects of ROCs on surrounding soils and plants were investigated. Methods Thirty isolated ROCs were randomly selected in a typical semi-humid karst grassland in Southwest China. Rainfall and ROC runoff were collected for chemical analyses. Soil physical and chemical properties and herb above- and belowground biomass were determined at 0 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90, 91 to 190, and 191 to 290 cm from the ROC rock–soil interface. Results The pH and total organic carbon and Ca2+ contents were higher in ROC runoff than in rainfall. Some soil physical and chemical properties were significantly higher in samples at 0 to 30 cm, and above- and belowground plant biomass were both significantly higher from 0 to 30 cm and from 31 to 60 cm than at greater distances. The ROC effect zone, as estimated by logistic equation, was approximately 75 cm. When the area covered by an ROC was between 0.7 and 1.3 m2, herb biomass increased sharply from 0 to 30 cm and from 31 to 60 cm. Conclusions Karst ROCs affected soils and plants close to their bases, and the effects increased sharply when the area covered by an ROC was of intermediate size.

Dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil after agricultural abandonment in a karst region in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Bei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Rocky desertification induced by severe deforestation has caused the water loss and soil erosion in karst regions in southeast China, limiting local social and economic developments. To prevent further rocky desertification, the farmland which had obtained by deforestation were abandoned for recovery. As soil quality improved by agriculture abandonment should be examined, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil in different ages after abandonment. In this study, 38 investigation sites were selected for soil sampling on the slopes in Longtan trough valley in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The dominant plant species of the investigation sites were also noted during soil sampling. The sites were divided into seven age classes according to their abandonment time. Dynamics of water content, bulk density, pH, and concentration of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matters were examined. It suggests that soil quality might be deteriorated right after abandonment and then improved from around 20 years after abandonment. Deterioration of soil quality may be induced by lack of plant coverage and exposure of rock outcrops which may accelerate water loss and swelling and shrinkage cycles of soil. After the formation of plant communities and litter layer above the ground, soil quality was then apparently improved. These findings can provide a potential guideline for recovery management in karst regions in southwest of China.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on soil physical and chemical properties of meadows in Southwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11598
Author(s):  
Guiqing Zhu ◽  
Chaoxiang Yuan ◽  
Hede Gong ◽  
Yanling Peng ◽  
Changjiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subalpine Meadow ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Background Grassland plays an important role in the ecosystem, but overgrazing harms the grassland system in many places. Grazing prohibition is an effective method to restore grassland ecosystems, and it plays a great role in realizing the sustainable development of grassland systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of regional grazing prohibition on the physical and chemical properties of different grassland systems. Methods In Potatso National Park, Southwest China, we selected experimental plots in the artificial grazing meadow area to study the effects of grazing prohibition on plant and soil indexes in subalpine meadows and swamp meadows. We investigated the biomass and species diversity of grazing prohibition treatment and grazing treatment plots and sampled and tested the soil index. The variation percentage was used to remove the original heterogeneity and yearly variation, allowing us to compare differences in plant index and soil index values between grazing prohibition and grazing treatments. Results Grazing prohibition increased the aboveground biomass, total biomass, total meadow coverage, average height, richness index, Shannon diversity index and evenness index and reduced the belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Additionally, grazing prohibition reduced the pH and soil bulk density and increased the soil total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that both plant indexes and soil indexes were significantly different between grazing and grazing prohibition treatments and between meadow types. Short-term grazing prohibition had a great impact on improving the fertility of meadow soil in the study area. We suggest that long-term and extensive research should be carried out to promote the restoration and sustainable development of regional grassland systems.

scholarly journals Some physiochemical properties of termite mound soil and its effect on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) Under Greenhouse condition at Nekemte, western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Temesgen Beyene ◽  
Emana Getu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Termite mound soil amends soil fertility and utilized as an alternative to npk fertilizers by smallholder farmers in Africa. Experiment was conducted in western Ethiopia to compare selected physical and chemical properties of mound soil (ms), Adjacent soil (as) and non-mound soil (nms) and the effect of these soils on maize plant growth and yield in the Greenhouse. In Limu district, Fitbako kebele, cultivated land was purposively selected for sampling. In the cultivated land, a plot of 100m x100m was delineated and three mounds within the plot were also purposively selected to collect composite soil sample for soil analysis and Greenhouse pot experiment. From each mound, 10kg soil each from bottom, middle and top (total= 30 kg) were collected and mixed to obtain working sample of 10 kg. About 30kg of adjacent soil 5m away from mound soils and Non-mound soil at the distance of 20 m away from mound soil at the depth of 0-30cm were collected and thoroughly mixed to make working sample of 10kg from each soil type. Three kilograms of mound soil, adjacent soil and non-mound soil each was put in separate plastic bucket for greenhouse pot experiment. About 100 gm of each soil type was used for selected physical and chemical properties analyses. The result obtained demonstrated that termite mound soil was significantly (P<0.05) high in bulk density (bd), moisture contents (mc), porosity (P), Soil pH, percent organic carbon (% oc) and percent organic matter (% om). Total Nitrogen (tn), average (av.) P, av. K, Exch.  Ca and Exch. Mg were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in mound soil in comparison with adjacent soil and non-mound soil. Maize plant growth traits and yield were significantly (P<0.05) high in mound soil. From the current study, it can be concluded that the use of npk fertilizer on plots having termite mound is not recommended. However, further research is needed on how to use mound soil on large plot of land

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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