scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Malaysia- results from a community-based screening campaign.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim ZZ ◽  
Teo JS ◽  
Tan Soek Siam ◽  
Rosmawati Mohamed ◽  
Goh KL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Introduction The epidemiology of hepatitis, which is apparently endemic in Asia, is still poorly documented in Malaysia. Available statistics are modelled estimates based on expert input or estimated from small studies on special populations. We therefore determined the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C in Malaysia based on a large sample data from a screening campaign. Methods A total of 10,914 subjects participated in the hepatitis screening campaign in 2018 and 2019. A low-cost Point-of-care test, which has previously been validated, was used to screen for HBsAg and anti-HCV. All screen positive subjects were recalled to undergo confirmatory serology tests and nucleic acid tests. Results We estimated 1.17% or 238,971 Malaysian adults aged 20 or older had chronic HBV, while only 0.74% or 151,144 adults had chronic HCV. Young adults below age 30 years had very low prevalence of HBV (0.09%). Women had lower prevalence of HBV and HCV, Chinese had the highest prevalence of HBV while Malay had the highest prevalence of HCV. Conclusion Young adults seems to be protected from HBV perhaps owing to the introduction of universal HBV vaccination since 1989. Chronic HBV however remains prevalent in older adults especially among the Chinese. Chronic HCV is uncommon in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Malaysia- results from a community-based screening campaign

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZZ Lim ◽  
JS Teo ◽  
AC Tan ◽  
Tan Soek Siam ◽  
Rosmawati Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Chronic Hcv

AbstractIntroductionThe epidemiology of hepatitis, which is apparently endemic in Asia, is still poorly documented in Malaysia. Available statistics are modelled estimates based on expert input or estimated from small studies on special populations. We therefore determined the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C in Malaysia based on a large sample data from a screening campaign.MethodsA total of 10,914 subjects participated in the hepatitis screening campaign in 2018 and 2019. A low-cost Point-of-care test, which has previously been validated, was used to screen for HBsAg and anti-HCV. All screen positive subjects were recalled to undergo confirmatory serology tests and nucleic acid tests.ResultsWe estimated 1.17% or 238,971 Malaysian adults aged 20 or older had chronic HBV, while only 0.74% or 151,144 adults had chronic HCV. Young adults below age 30 years had very low prevalence of HBV (0.09%). Women had lower prevalence of HBV and HCV, Chinese had the highest prevalence of HBV while Malay had the highest prevalence of HCV.ConclusionYoung adults seems to be protected from HBV perhaps owing to the introduction of universal HBV vaccination since 1989. Chronic HBV however remains prevalent in older adults especially among the Chinese. Chronic HCV is uncommon in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Chronic hepatitis B and C infections in the Netherlands: estimated prevalence in risk groups and the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koopsen ◽  
J. E. van Steenbergen ◽  
J. H. Richardus ◽  
M. Prins ◽  
E. L. M. Op de Coul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Chronic Hcv

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are usually asymptomatic for decades, thus targeted screening can prevent liver disease by timely diagnosis and linkage to care. More robust estimates of chronic HBV and HCV infections in the general population and risk groups are needed. Using a modified workbook method, the total number of ever chronically infected individuals in the Netherlands in 2016 was determined using population size and prevalence estimates from studies in the general and high-risk population. The estimated 2016 chronic HBV infection prevalence is 0.34% (low 0.22%, high 0.47%), corresponding to approximately 49 000 (low 31 000, high 66 000) HBV-infected individuals aged 15 years and older. The estimated ever-chronic HCV infection prevalence is 0.16% (low 0.06%, high 0.27%), corresponding to approximately 23 000 (low 8000, high 38 000) ever-chronic HCV-infected individuals. The prevalence of chronic HBV and HCV infections in the Netherlands is low. First-generation migrants account for most infections with 81% and 60% of chronic HBV and HCV infections, respectively. However, about one-fifth of HCV infections is found in the general population at low risk. This method can serve as an example for countries in need of more accurate prevalence estimates, to help the design and evaluation of prevention and control policies.

FoxP3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are decreased significantly after a tenofovir therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Hyosun Cho ◽  
Hyojeung Kang ◽  
Ji Y Kim ◽  
Hee Y Kim ◽  
Chang W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Background: FoxP3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are upregulated in chronic viral infections, such as chronic HCV, chronic HBV and HIV infection. Materials & methods: During 1 year of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B, we investigated the expression of FoxP3, PD-1 and CTLA-4. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the 30 study subjects at T0 (0 months), T3, T6 and T12 months after the commencement of TDF treatment. Results & conclusion: Expression of FoxP3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 was significantly decreased in T cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B under TDF treatment at T12, when compared with that at T0. A direct correlation was observed between FoxP3 and CTLA-4 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis B and the frequency of FoxP3 was positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels.

scholarly journals Association of STAT3 and STAT4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Shi ◽  
Hongyan He ◽  
Suvash Chandra Ojha ◽  
Changfeng Sun ◽  
Juan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Abstract Background: It has been reported that polymorphisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and STAT4 might be associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and risk of chronic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Owing to limitation of sample size and inconclusive results, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association. Methods: We identified relevant studies by a systematic search of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 20 February 2019. The strength of the association measured by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was studied. All the statistical analyses were conducted based on Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A total of 5242 cases and 2717 controls from five studies were included for the STAT3 polymorphism, 5902 cases and 7867 controls from nine studies for the STAT4 polymorphism. Our results suggested that STAT3 rs1053004 polymorphism was a significant risk factor of chronic HBV infection (C vs. T: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29, PA=0.0007; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09–1.76, PA=0.008). Validation with all the genetic models revealed that rs7574865 polymorphism of STAT4 gene was closely associated with chronic HBV infection (PA<0.01) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related HCC (PA<0.05). Meanwhile, the authenticity of the above meta-analysis results was confirmed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). Conclusions: The meta-analysis showed that STAT3 rs1053004 polymorphism may be the risk for developing chronic HBV infection but not associated with HCC. The present study also indicates that STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism increased the risk of chronic HBV infection and HCC.

scholarly journals Studies on Mutual Relationship between Anti-HBx and sFas, IL-10 or IL-12 in Sera of Cases with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Ai-kun Ding ◽  
Li-wei Guo ◽  
Yong-kong Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Abstract Objective To study the mutual relationship between anti-HBx and IL-10, IL-12 or soluble Fas (sFas) in sera of patients with chronic HBV infection and to explore the importance of anti-HBx detection as well as its role in the development of chronic HBV infection. Methods Total of 90 cases with chronic HBV infection were randomly selected, including 10 of asymptomatic carriers (ASC), 28 of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 26 of liver cirrhosis (LC) and 26 patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their clinical data and blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared and stored at -73℃. Anti-HBx was detected with an indirect ELISA established in our earlier research, and levels of IL-10, IL-12 and Fas were determined with commercial double-antibody sandwich ELISA kits. The mutual relationship between anti-HBx and IL-10, IL-12 or sFas in serum were analyzed with the software SPSS 20.0. Results All levels of IL-10, IL-12 and sFas in peripheral blood showed a rising trend with development of chronic HBV infection. The levels of IL-10 in ASC, CHB, LC and HCC groups were 13.93 ± 14.40 ng/L, 39.38 ± 20.77 ng/L, 69.06 ± 46.37 ng/L and 62.82 ± 23.42 ng/L, respectively, levels of IL-12 in the 4 groups were 15.64 ± 23.04 ng/L, 68.50 ± 23.14 ng/L, 76.83 ± 12.82 ng/L and 83.74 ± 24.88 ng/L, respectively, and levels of sFas were 58.17 ± 77.42 ng/L, 179.88 ± 104.36 ng/L, 249.22 ± 107.80 ng/L and 252.98 ± 87.65 ng/L, respectively. Twenty-seven out of 90 patients showed a positive result for anti-HBx detection, including 1 in ASC, 4 in CHB, 12 in LC and 10 in HCC group. The levels of IL-10, IL-12 and sFas were higher in anti-HBx positive group than in negative group. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences of IL-10 and IL-12 between the two groups (P < 0.05), but the differences of sFas had no statistical significance (P = 0.094). Conclusions Anti-HBx antibody is not protective, and is closely related to IL-10, IL-12 and sFas. It may be an important serum indicator for aggravation from chronic hepatitis B to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection.

scholarly journals Principles in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Gerald Y Minuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Hepatitis B Viral Infection

Recently licensed and promising new experimental agents should have a profound impact on the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, certain management principles should remain unaltered. Recognizing the need for more urgent treatment in some individuals, being able to identify which patients require treatment and those who are most likely to respond to treatment, and selecting the optimal timing for treatment are clinical decisions that must continue to be addressed regardless of the antiviral agent ‘of the month’. This review outlines general principles and provides a generic, timeless approach to the management of patients with chronic HBV infection.

scholarly journals Disease burden of chronic hepatitis B and complications in China from 2006 to 2050: an individual-based modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
Kaijin Xu ◽  
Shigui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hbsag Loss ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Abstract Background: Chronic hepatitis B has become a major public health problem in China. An accurate depiction of the disease burden has not yet been thoroughly conducted. We aimed to project the disease burden of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and related complications by modeling various scenarios. Method : An individual-based Markov model was used to predict disease burden from 2006 through 2050. We simulated 5 scenarios with different annual incidences, diagnoses and nucleotide analog (NA) treatment rates as well as treatment eligibility, which included a natural history without diagnosis or NA therapy, a base case, a World Health Organization-proposed target case and two ideal cases. Result: The natural history scenario is projected to have the fewest HBsAg losses (27.59 million) and highest number of HBV-related deaths (27.19 million). With improved diagnosis and treatment rates of NA therapy, ideal cases have fewer HBV-related deaths (14.46-14.77 million) than do WHO-proposed cases (15.13 million) and base cases (16.89 million), but the proportion of HBsAg loss is similar among them. With a reduction in new infections, the prevalence of chronic HBV in 2050 is expected to be a minimum of 27.03-27.49 million under WHO and ideal cases. Conclusion: Ideal scenarios 1 and 2 contribute to the lowest disease burden of HBV and its complications in the future, in which new infection control is more effective than increasing diagnosis, treatment rate and treatment eligibility. However, considering the large existing chronic HBV infected population and the low HBsAg loss rate of NA therapy, it is still difficult to avert the increasing trend of cumulative cirrhosis, DC, HCC, LT, and HBV-related death in all scenarios. If new high-potency drugs are not developed, the disease burden of chronic HBV will remain high in the future.

scholarly journals Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Associated with Increased Colorectal Cancer Risk in Taiwanese Population

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Hsiung Su ◽  
Thi Nga Le ◽  
Chih-Hsin Muo ◽  
Sister Arlene Te ◽  
Fung-Chang Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and colorectal cancer (CRC) are prevalent in Taiwan. We carried out a population-based case-control study to assess the association between HBV infection and CRC risk. Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 69,478 newly diagnosed patients with CRC from 2005 to 2011. We further randomly selected 69,478 age- and gender-matched controls without CRC from the same database. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate the association between chronic HBV infection and CRC using a logistic regression analysis. HBV infection was found to be associated with the risk of CRC (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–1.33). This relationship was similar in men and women. Age-specific analysis revealed that the CRC risk associated with HBV decreased with age. The adjusted ORs for patients aged <55, 55–64, and 65–74 years were 1.63 (95% CI = 1.48–1.79), 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13–1.37), and 1.02 (95% = 0.92–1.13), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that chronic HBV infection is significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC. Monitoring the risk of CRC development in young patients with HBV infection is crucial.

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