scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism and Microbial Profiles Between Shaziling and Yorkshire Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ma ◽  
Yehui Duan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liang ◽  
Tiejun Li ◽  
Xingguo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Microbial Development ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background: Shaziling pig, a Chinese indigenous breed, has been classified as a fatty pig model, while the lipid metabolism and gut microbial development in Shaziling pigs were rarely reported. Methods: Here, we compared the metabolic and microbial profiles at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210, and 300 days of age between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Results: Predictably, there were marked difference in the liver lipids (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and low density lipoprotein) and the expressions (i.e., SREBP1/2, LXRα/β, DGAT1/2, and FABP1-3) between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Bacteria in the ileal digesta and mucosa were further analyzed, and the results showed that Shaziling pigs had a higher α-diversity and the abundances of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus_johnosonii, Lactobacillus_amylovorus, and Clostridium_butyricum. 35 differentiated metabolites were identified in the mucosa between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs, which were enriched in the carbohydrate, protein, glucose and amino acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 7 differentiated microbial species were markedly correlated with 35 metabolites, indicating the role of gut microbiota in host metabolism. Conclusions: In conclusion, Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with the Yorkshire pigs, which might contribute to the diverse metabolic phenotypes.

scholarly journals Loss of Mrap2 is associated with Sim1 deficiency and increased circulating cholesterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T V Novoselova ◽  
R Larder ◽  
D Rimmington ◽  
C Lelliott ◽  
E H Wynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Accessory Protein ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Deficient Mice

Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) is a transmembrane accessory protein predominantly expressed in the brain. Both global and brain-specific deletion of Mrap2 in mice results in severe obesity. Loss-of-function MRAP2 mutations have also been associated with obesity in humans. Although MRAP2 has been shown to interact with MC4R, a G protein-coupled receptor with an established role in energy homeostasis, appetite regulation and lipid metabolism, the mechanisms through which loss of MRAP2 causes obesity remains uncertain. In this study, we used two independently derived lines of Mrap2 deficient mice (Mrap2tm1a/tm1a) to further study the role of Mrap2 in the regulation of energy balance and peripheral lipid metabolism. Mrap2tm1a/tm1a mice have a significant increase in body weight, with increased fat and lean mass, but without detectable changes in food intake or energy expenditure. Transcriptomic analysis showed significantly decreased expression of Sim1, Trh, Oxt and Crh within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of Mrap2tm1a/tm1a mice. Circulating levels of both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were significantly increased in Mrap2 deficient mice. Taken together, these data corroborate the role of MRAP2 in metabolic regulation and indicate that, at least in part, this may be due to defective central melanocortin signalling.

scholarly journals SAT0521 EVALUATION OF LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH AVASCULAR NECROSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1216.2-1217
Author(s):  
K. Gudkevich ◽  
N. Martusevich ◽  
E. Dashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background:Avascular necrosis (AN) is a disabling disease affecting predominantly young men. It steadily progresses to secondary osteoarthritis. The rate of disability is high, because hip joint is most commonly affected by AN; moreover, the rate of bilateral hip joint involvement is also high. The key event in the pathogenesis of AN is circulation disorder which results in ischemia and, furthermore, death of bone tissue.Nowadays the data about lipid metabolism in patients with AN. Besides, there is contradictory data about the role of homocysteine in the risk of cardiovascular events. Based on these, it is topical to investigate lipid metabolism and endothelial function in patients with AN.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid metabolism and endothelial function in patients with different stages of AN in order to find risk factors for incidence and progression of this disease.Methods:We recruited 41 patients with AN of the femoral head or femoral condyles aged 51 (35-64) years, 56,1% (n=23) were male. The inclusion criteria was diagnosis of AN confirmed by X-Ray, CT or MRI. The exclusion criteria were: traumatic AN, Legg-Calve-Pertes disease, connective tissue systemic diseases. Also we divided patients into subgroups with early (39% (n=16)) and late (61,0% (n=25)) stages of AN.Patients of the control group (n=32) were comparable by age and gender. The data was proceeded using non-parametric and descriptive statistics. We evaluated the following parameters: homocysteine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B.Results:In patients with AN we observed higher level of homocysteine (12,119 (7,771-14,38) vs. 7,911 (6,612-10,54) mcmol/l, p=0,05). The results are consistent with the data that higher homocyseine level is associated with higher risk for cardiovascular events (1). There is literature data about elevated homocysteine level in patients with AN, which was associated with lower levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Thus, interpretation of homocystene significance is more reliable in association with vitamin B12 and folic acid levels.Also, we observed that level of HDLP-C is higher in patients with early stages than in pate stages of AN (1,55 (1,31-1,57) vs. 1,23 (1,04-1,36) mmol/l, р=0,04). Thus, HDLP-C can be interpreted as a protective factor against contralateral joint involvement in AN patients. The data obtained is consistent with the existing data that HDLP-C lowers the risk for cardiovascular events.Conclusion:The data obtained indicate a significant role of dyslypidemia in the pathogenesis of AN in the context of vascular theory.References:[1]Steven G. Chrysant & George S. Chrysant (2018) The current status of homocysteine as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a mini review, Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 16:8, 559-565, DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1497974.[2]Narayanan, A., Khanchandani, P., Borkar, R.M.et al.Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Metabolomic, Biophysical, Biochemical, Electron Microscopic and Histopathological Characterization.Sci Rep7, 10721 (2017).https://doi.org/10.1038/.Disclosure of Interests:Katsiarina Gudkevich: None declared, Natalia Martusevich Shareholder of: k, Elena Dashkevich: None declared

scholarly journals Coreopsis Tinctoria Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Decreasing Low-Density Lipoprotein and Improving Gut Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1060-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Ren ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
Jiangyun Liu ◽  
Haitao Li ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Normal Controls

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hyperlipidemia is increasing rapidly. The role of Coreopsis tinctoria (CT) in amending lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia patients has not been reported. This study aims to evaluate the role of CT in altering lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia patients and to explore the possible mechanisms mediated by gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia mice models. Methods: A retrospective analysis in 40 hyperlipidemia patients was conducted, in which 20 patients took fenofibrate and another 20 patients normatively drank water with CT. Hyperlipidemia mice models were also established. Blood biochemical tests were performed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Liver histopathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ileocecal samples were collected from mice, and bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced by MiSeq sequencing. Bacterial composition and differences were analyzed. Results: In hyperlipidemia patients, CT was associated with decreased triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels without liver injury. The experimental hyperlipidemia model also verified a similar result. Gut microbial richness and diversity were significantly decreased in hyperlipidemic mice, but increased after CT treatment. Bacterial communities were significantly differentiated between normal controls and hyperlipidemic mice. CT administration improved gut microbiota composition to an approximately normal status. Meanwhile, CT administration attenuated bacterial alterations at the class, order, family, and genus levels in hyperlipidemic mice. Importantly, the genera Barnesiella, Lactobacillus, and Helicobacter achieved high discriminatory power in hyperlipidemic mice relative to normal controls. Conclusions: CT can modulate blood lipid metabolism with improvement of liver function by decreasing LDL and improving gut microbiota compositions. These findings may provide novel therapeutic strategies for patients with hyperlipidemia.

The Role of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein (LRP) in the Plasma Clearance and Liver Uptake of Recombinant Single-chain Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator in Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke E van der Kaaden ◽  
Dingeman C Rijken ◽  
J Kar Kruijt ◽  
Theo J C van Berkel ◽  
Johan Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Parenchymal Liver ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

SummaryUrokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is used as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. In vitro, recombinant single-chain u-PA (rscu-PA) expressed in E.coli is recognized by the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) on rat parenchymal liver cells. In this study we investigated the role of LRP in the liver uptake and plasma clearance of rscu-PA in rats. A preinjection of the LRP inhibitor GST-RAP reduced the maximal liver uptake of 125I-rscu-PA at 5 min after injection from 50 to 30% of the injected dose and decreased the clearance of rscu-PA from 2.37 ml/min to 1.58 ml/min. Parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells were responsible for 40, 50 and 10% of the liver uptake, respectively. The reduction in liver uptake of rscu-PA by the preinjection of GST-RAP was caused by a 91 % and 62% reduction in the uptake by parenchymal and Kupffer cells, respectively. In order to investigate the part of rscu-PA that accounted for the interaction with LRP, experiments were performed with a mutant of rscu-PA lacking residues 11-135 (= deltal25- rscu-PA). Deletion of residues 11-135 resulted in a 80% reduction in liver uptake and a 2.4 times slower clearance (0.97 ml/min). The parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells were responsible for respectively 60, 33 and 7% of the liver uptake of 125I-deltal25-rscu-PA. Preinjection of GST-RAP completely reduced the liver uptake of delta 125-rscu-PA and reduced its clearance to 0.79 ml/min. Treatment of isolated Kupffer cells with PI-PLC reduced the binding of rscu-PA by 40%, suggesting the involvement of the urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (u-PAR) in the recognition of rscu-PA. Our results demonstrate that in vivo LRP is responsible for more than 90% of the parenchymal liver cell mediated uptake of rscu-PA and for 60% of the Kupffer cell interaction. It is also suggested that u-PAR is involved in the Kupffer cell recognition of rscu-PA.

The Role of the Endothelium in Premature Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Spartalis ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Antonios Athanasiou ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
Christos Kontogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Made In

Atherosclerotic disease is still one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive and systematic artery disease that involves the intima of the large and middle artery vessels. The inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiological process of the disease and the infiltration of the intima from monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes combined with endothelial dysfunction and accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the main findings of atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although a large number of genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptible loci have been identified in chromosomal regions associated with atherosclerosis, it is the epigenetic process that regulates the chromosomal organization and genetic expression that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite the positive progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the knowledge about the disease remains scarce.

scholarly journals Differences in the Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism According to the Structure of the Main Anthocyanin: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Risa Araki ◽  
Akira Yada ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueda ◽  
Kenichi Tominaga ◽  
Hiroko Isoda
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

The effectiveness of anthocyanins may differ according to their chemical structures; however, randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses that examine the consequences of these structural differences have not been reported yet. In this meta-analysis, anthocyanins in test foods of 18 selected RCTs were categorized into three types: cyanidin-, delphinidin-, and malvidin-based. Delphinidin-based anthocyanins demonstrated significant effects on triglycerides (mean difference (MD): −0.24, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: −0.28, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD: 0.11, p < 0.01), whereas no significant effects were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins. Although non-significant, favorable effects on total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins, respectively (both p < 0.1). The ascending order of effectiveness on TC and LDL-C was delphinidin-, cyanidin-, and malvidin-based anthocyanins, and the differences among the three groups were significant (both p < 0.05). We could not confirm the significant effects of each main anthocyanin on glucose metabolism; however, insulin resistance index changed positively and negatively with cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanins, respectively. Therefore, foods containing mainly unmethylated anthocyanins, especially with large numbers of OH groups, may improve glucose and lipid metabolism more effectively than those containing methylated anthocyanins.

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