scholarly journals The Effects of Mixing Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Into Wood Bark on Storage-Related Environmental Impacts and Heating Value

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Oksanen ◽  
Riikka Keskinen ◽  
Jaakko Heikkinen ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Kimmo Rasa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Degradation Activity

Abstract The pulping industry generates vast amounts of bark residues and wastewater treatment sludges, which are combined and stored for varying periods in stacks, often in the open air, prior to utilization for energy via combustion. In order to optimize the storage strategy, the effects of incorporating sludge into bark on heating value and storage-related environmental impacts were investigated in laboratory and outdoor studies. Biological degradation activity was found to be higher in treatments containing 25% sludge (B75S25) and 50% sludge (B50S50) on a fresh mass basis, in comparison with pure bark (B100). Mean monthly dry mass loss was 2.1% (B100), 3.3% (B75S25), and 3.7% (B50S50) in the laboratory and 2.7%, 4.2%, and 4.8%, respectively, outdoors. Sludge addition was found to maintain degradation activity at low temperatures (+ 3°C). Co-storage of sludge and bark led to loss of energy, mainly due to increased loss of biomass and increased moisture content. Overall, biomass moisture content governed the heating value. Cumulative methane emissions over the storage period were higher from the sludge-containing treatments than from pure bark, but emissions of nitrogen-containing gases (N2O and NH3) were negligible throughout. Sludge addition roughly halved the cumulative chemical oxygen demand (COD) of leachate and minimized its concentration of phosphate-P. However, larger amounts of inorganic elements were released to the percolating water from the sludge-containing treatments. Overall, these results indicate that finding alternative uses for the sludge fraction would be beneficial.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Storage Techniques on Round-Baled Orchard-Pruning Residues

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Manzone ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Paolo Balsari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pruning Residues ◽  
Valid Solution

Baled pruning residue could be a valid solution to reduce the storage surface area in thermal and electrical power station. This study aimed to analyze the storage performance of pruning residues baled by a round baler considering three orchard tree species (apple, peach, and kiwi) and three different techniques (uncovered, under roof, and wrapped). The storage parameters considered were: moisture content, dry mass, and wood energy content of the material. The initial moisture content of the tree orchard specie (apple, peach, and kiwi) was different: lower for peach (41%) and higher for kiwi (51%). At the end of the storage period, all bales (covered and uncovered) obtained similar values to that of the air (about 20%); wrapped bales have highlighted no moisture content variation. The tested tree species showed a similar initial high heating value (18.70 MJ·kg−1), but a different initial low heating value: lower for kiwi (7.96 MJ kg−1) and higher for peach (10.09 MJ·kg−1). No dry matter losses were observed in all test. Stored pruning residues in bales show good benefits in term of “biofuel” quality independent of the techniques adopted expect for the wrapping system that do not permit adequate drying of the biomass.

scholarly journals Biological Assesssment of Environmental Impacts of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents.

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kamaya ◽  
Norihisa Tatarazako ◽  
Hiroki Nanko ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Tetsuo Aoyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

scholarly journals The Technological Investigations Of Manufacturing Of Energy Chips

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Ziedonis Miklašēvičs
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lower Heating

The methodology in Latvia forest industry provide to determine the quality of energy chips only in long- term storage places before selling. Due to the lack of hard empirical data about the quality parameters of energy chips in different phases of manufacturing process, this research paper consists of: - the identification and analyses of the factors that influenced the values of energy chips quality features such as: bulk density, moisture content, ash content, higher and lower heating value according to actual moisture content and per dry mass of the chips; - the methodology for determination the quality parameters of energy chips by analysis the wood moisture content and by choice the method of the manufacturing of energy chips.

Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Åsa Sivard ◽  
Tomas Ericsson ◽  
Nippe Hylander ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Mikael Malmaeus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

In an environmentally harmonized society the most cost effective measures to reduce the total effluent discharges should be taken into account. Generalised discharge values are presented for organic material and nutrients in this paper. Depending on conditions in the receiving water any of these parameters can be the determining factor for the eutrophication and oxygen demand. These parameters can be generalized into equivalent loads of TOC, nitrogen or phosphorus by recalculation according to the Redfield ratio. The cost for reduction of organic material and nutrients from a pulp and paper mill is calculated as a cost per unit pollutant (cost equivalent). This cost equivalent is compared with alternative costs, expressed in the same way, for reduction of organic material and nutrients in adjacent industries, municipal treatment plants, impact from transportation, farming, air deposits etc. In order to find where the most cost efficient measures for the society should be taken the cost equivalent for the mill is compared with the alternative measures and their equivalent costs.

Water Quality of the River Sava at the Inflow of a Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Cibulić
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
High Concentrations

The results of investigations into the effects of wastewaters from pulp and paper production on the River Sava are presented in this paper. Two situations were studied, i.e., when the treatment plant was in operation and when it was not working. The results of the investigations indicated that the wastewaters had significant effects on the Sava. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were increased and some toxic substances were present at high concentrations, e.g., phenols, oils and grease, dyestuff, etc. The negative influence of the wastewaters was greater during the summer, at low water levels in the Sava. The Sava is a tributary of the River Danube, into which the pollution from this river finally flows. Regardless of the water flow rates, toxic substances are constantly accumulating, and, as a result, even such large systems as the Danube and the Sava are becoming more and more polluted.

Sludge-bed anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating prehydrolysis liquor (PHL): correlation of cATP™ with performance parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Milan Kale ◽  
Kripa Shankar Singh ◽  
Dibyendu Debnath ◽  
Dennis Connor
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Aerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Degradation Activity

Cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP™) may be used to characterize the biological degradation activity within the anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment systems. The feasibility of using cATP™ as a process monitoring parameter for an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was evaluated. Results obtained from batch respirometric anaerobic treatability studies and a continuous sludge-bed anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SB-AnMBR) treating prehydrolysis liquor were examined. Both studies were conducted at an operating temperature of 35 °C. The batch studies indicated that the indirect activity measurements, such as the methane production rate correlated well with cATP™. The cATP™ content of the SB-AnMBR responded to changes in total amount of degraded chemical oxygen demand (COD) and methane produced with correlation coefficient of 0.91 and 0.80, respectively. In contrast, cATP™ was not well correlated to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids with correlation coefficient of 0.52. The values of cATP™/CODremoved ratio and active biomass ratio (ABR™) indicated that the increase in cATP™ value might be a result of increased biodegradation activity in the SB-AnMBR system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document