scholarly journals FOC-MOP – Fuzzy Optimal Clustering based Multi-Objective Parameter Route Selection for Energy Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pogula Sreed ◽  
S. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Ch Selection

Abstract Recently, the research area interest towards the development of wireless sensor network (WSN) has increased. However, WSNs have one of significant issues as improving an energy-efficient routing protocol. A WSN has a crucial problem of energy consumption that effects the network lifetime as sensor nodes have a limitation of power. To overcome these limitations, it’s required to improve energy-efficient communication protocols for WSNs. Different types of techniques have considered by various research communities for providing energy-efficient solutions for WSNs. The energy consumption reduces using the clustering as an efficient data collection method and the collected data forward to a cluster-head which belong to the nodes in clustered networks. The information transmits to BS (base station) either in an uncompressed or compressed manner after collecting all data by a cluster-head from all member nodes. Based on other cluster-heads, the data transmit in a multi-hop network. Due to the heavy inter-cluster relay, earlier death happens to the cluster-heads (CHs) that locates very closely to the sink. Therefore, a fuzzy optimal CH selection algorithm has proposed to select the optimal CHs to improve the lifetime. Based on different parameters like cluster load, communication cost, neighbour density, node degree, inter and intra cluster distance, and node energy, the proposed algorithm of CH selection chooses the CHs. To determine an optimal route for transmitting the data from CH to sink, the modified Emperor Penguin Optimization (EPO) uses after selecting the CH. The proposed technique implements and compares with other earlier methods in terms of packet delivery ratio, lifetime, energy consumption, end to end delay and throughput. The proposed approach shows best performance than the other methods based on the simulation results.

A Split Network based Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Network to Enhance Network Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep S. Saini ◽  
Dinesh Arora
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Ch Selection

Background & Objective: The operating efficiency of a sensor network totally relies upon the energy that is consumed by the nodes to perform various tasks like data transmission etc. Thus, it becomes mandatory to consume the energy in an intelligent way so that the network can run for a long period. This paper proposed an energy efficient Cluster Head (CH) selection mechanism by considering the distance to Base Station (BS), distance to node and energy as major factors. The concept of volunteer node is also introduced with an objective to reduce the energy consumption of the CH to transmit data from source to BS. The role of the volunteer node is to transmit the data successfully from source to destination or BS. Conclusion: The results are observed with respect to the Alive nodes, dead nodes and energy consumption of the network. The outcome of the proposed work proves that it outperforms the traditional mechanisms.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Technique for Data Aggregation in Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1812-1815
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

The IOT network is the decentralized type of network which can sense the information and pass it to base station. Due to small size of the sensor nodes, the energy consumption is the major issue of the network. The LEACH is the energy efficient protocol which can divide whole network into fixed size clusters. In each cluster, cluster heads are selected which can transmit data to base station. In this research work, the LEACH protocol is improved to reduce energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks. In the proposed improvement, the cache nodes are deployed which can aggregate data from the cluster heads and then pass data to base station. The simulation of the proposed technique is done in MATLAB and results are compared with the existing approach in terms of certain parameters. It is analyzed that proposed technique performs well as compared to existing technique.

scholarly journals Systematic Cluster Head (CH) Selection Through Node-Grade Based Clustering (NGBC) in WSN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Deepak Keynes ◽  
D. Shalini Punithavathani
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Computational Ability ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Ch Selection

As it is well known, in Wireless Sensor Networks, the sensor nodes will be either mobile or static. When mobility is concerned, on the whole network performance could be degraded, since the sensor nodes are furnished with restricted battery power, restricted memory, less computational ability and lower range of communication. So, a mechanism which is effective is needed there for forwarding the data packets with efficient energy management and coverage. With that note, the principle target of this work is to propose systematic method of CH selection based on the factors such as low mobility, density of the nodes and their remaining energy. Moreover, an innovative method called Node-Grade Based Clustering (NGBC) is proposed in this paper so as to select the CHs, studying the node’s energy and position regarding to their Base Station (BS), which will act as a sink for collected information. The CHs are replaced in every round based on its duty cycle on sensor nodes and Threshold Energy Rate (TER). Since the BS evaluates the quantity of every round a CH (Cluster Head) can sustain, it minimizes the quantity of energy consumed and increases the WSN’s lifetime. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm attains higher coverage, efficiency in energy and network lifetime. Furthermore, the performance results in the work which is proposed, are distinguished with the algorithms proposed previously such as LEACH and HEED using some evaluation metrics like packet delivery ratio, throughput, energy consumption and end-to-end delay to prove the efficiency of energy efficient NGBC.  

scholarly journals Improved energy efficient hierarchical cluster tree based routing to prolong network lifetime

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-706
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Prasad B S , Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Cluster Tree

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a key role in enabling wireless communication technology among several nodes to remotely communicate and exchange information. WSN consists of tiny sensor nodes equipped with battery, scattered in an area to gather information around an environment and send to data collection node known as sink or base station (BS). WSN have been widely used in various applications like agriculture, fire detection, health care and military and has become imperative necessity for future revolutionary area like UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles), IoT (Internet of things) and smart cities which employs large scale sensor nodes. However sensor nodes are limited to battery, memory, low computational power, resource and bandwidth. Continues sensing of events, makes node to drain its battery faster and goes dead fast. For resource constrained WSN, hierarchical cluster based approaches are considered as energy efficient and improves network performance for large scale WSN. Minimizing energy consumption and extending network lifetime are major challenging issues of WSN, clustering methods with optimized routing have offered solution to optimize energy utilization. To balance energy consumption and improve network lifetime many existing hierarchical clustering approaches have been proposed, however existing method does not consider rotation of cluster head (CH) and considers cluster head selection based on residual energy and distance parameter. In this paper we propose an improved energy efficient cluster tree (IEECT) based routing to improve energy efficiency of hierarchical cluster. IEECT considers modification of existing LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) protocol to improved energy efficient LEACH by considering energy parameters like residual node energy and average network energy. IEECT accounts optimal number of cluster head (CH) and selection of CH is done using threshold value among sensor nodes. Proposed IEECT combines tree based routing and data aggregation scheme to maintain desirable quality of service. Simulation experiments are carried out by using network simulator. Performance of IEECT is evaluated in terms of PDR, delay, energy consumption, network lifetime and overhead.        

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Load Balancing Protocol for Multi-Hop Clustering in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2270-2275
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
Redundant Data

Cluster based WSNs is a rising and empowering technical knowledge with the achievable to revolutionize Data Communication Technology. The purpose of WSN stretch out to diverse areas such as the security and surveillance, Medical and Health, Military related application, Agriculture, Entertainment and so on. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensor nodes are highly distributed in order to sense and transform information to base station. However, the major challenge in WSN is to avoid collision and energy dissipation due to redundant data and thereby extending the network lifetime. To address this issue, a novel energy efficient load balancing protocol (EELB) for data forwarding in multi-hop clustering based WSN is proposed. EELB is a hierarchal cluster-based protocol which schedules the sensor nodes to different modes namely sleep mode and active mode by probing the data transformed to decrease energy consumption effectively. A sensor node is set to sleep mode when it senses and transfers redundant data for an extended time. The other sensor nodes remain enabled in active mode for sensing and transmission of data packets. Also, the proposed protocol selects a reliable cluster head based on remaining residual energy level and trust value of each node. The Simulation outcomes depicts that the proposed EELB protocol performs well than conventional protocol with respect to average energy consumption, lifetime of nodes and the Packet Delivery Ratio.

scholarly journals Recommended System for Cluster Head Selection in a Remote Sensor Cloud Environment Using the Fuzzy-Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10579
Author(s):  
Proshikshya Mukherjee ◽  
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik ◽  
Ahmed Abdulhakim Al-Absi ◽  
Dae-Ki Kang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Sensor Cloud ◽  
Ch Selection

Clustering is an energy-efficient routing algorithm in a sensor cloud environment (SCE). The clustering sensor nodes communicate with the base station via a cluster head (CH), which can be selected based on the remaining energy, the base station distance, or the distance from the neighboring nodes. If the CH is selected based on the remaining energy and the base station is far away from the cluster head, then it is not an energy-efficient selection technique. The same applies to other criteria. For CH selection, a single criterion is not sufficient. Moreover, the traditional clustering algorithm head nodes keep changing in every round. Therefore, the traditional algorithm energy consumption is less, and nodes die faster. In this paper, the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (F-MCDM) technique is used for CH selection and a threshold value is fixed for the CH selection. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy analytical network process (ANP) are used for CH selection. The performance evaluation results exhibit a 5% improvement compared to the fuzzy AHP clustering method and 10% improvement compared to the traditional method in terms of stability, energy consumption, throughput, and control overhead.

An optimal data aggregation technique for physics-based applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 1850297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upasna Joshi ◽  
Rajiv Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Cluster Heads

In wireless sensor network (WSN), most of the devices function on batteries. These nodes or devices have inadequate amount of initial energy which are consumed at diverse rates, based on the power level and intended receiver. In sleep scheduling algorithms, most of the sensor nodes are turned to sleep state to preserve energy and improve the network lifetime (NL). In this paper, an energy-efficient dynamic cluster-based protocol is proposed for WSN especially for physics-based applications. Initially, the network is divided into small clusters using adaptive clustering. The clusters are managed by the cluster heads. The cluster heads are elected based on the novel dynamic threshold. Afterwards, general variable neighborhood search is used to obtain the energy-efficient paths for inter-cluster data aggregation which is used to communicate with the sink. The performance of the proposed method is compared with competitive energy-efficient routing protocols in terms of various factors such as stable period, NL, packets sent to base station and packets sent to cluster head. Extensive experiments prove that the proposed protocol provides higher NL than the existing protocols.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Unequal Clustering Based on Density with Energy Conservation in Wireless Nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Tao Han ◽  
Seyed Bozorgi ◽  
Ayda Orang ◽  
Ali Hosseinabadi ◽  
Arun Sangaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Wireless Nodes ◽  
Ch Selection

The Internet of things (IoT) provides the possibility of communication between smart devices and any object at any time. In this context, wireless nodes play an important role in reducing costs and simple use. Since these nodes are often used in less accessible locations, recharging their battery is hardly feasible and in some cases is practically impossible. Hence, energy conservation within each node is a challenging discussion. Clustering is an efficient solution to increase the lifetime of the network and reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. In this paper, a novel hybrid unequal multi-hop clustering based on density (HCD) is proposed to increase the network lifetime. In the proposed protocol, the cluster head (CH) selection is performed only by comparing the status of each node to its neighboring nodes. In this new technique, the parameters involving energy of nodes, the number of neighboring nodes, the distance to the base station (BS), and the layer where the node is placed in are considered in CH selection. So, in this new and simple technique considers energy consumption of the network and load balancing. Clustering is performed unequally so that cluster heads (CHs) close to BS have more energy for data relay. Also, a hybrid dynamic–static clustering was performed to decrease overhead. In the current protocol, a distributed clustering and multi-hop routing approach was applied between cluster members (CMs), to CHs, and CHs to BS. HCD is applied as a novel assistance to cluster heads (ACHs) mechanism, in a way that a CH accepts to use member nodes with suitable state to share traffic load. Furthermore, we performed simulation for two different scenarios. Simulation results showed the reliability of the proposed method as it was resulted in a significant increase in network stability and energy balance as well as network lifetime and efficiency.

Advanced Energy Efficient Master/Slave Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3320-3327
Author(s):  
Vageesh Kattimani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Distance ◽  
Packet Drop

The nodes in WSNs are densely deployed and lots of redundancy exists during the data gathering and sending perceived data straightforwardly to the base station, which leading to consumption of energy in nodes. Existing Clustering algorithms in WSN selects just one group head in the each cluster, where it devours more energy at Cluster head(CH) quickly and which condenses lifetime of the network incredibly. The paper proposes the Advanced and Energy Efficient Master/Slave algorithm to solve this problem. The algorithm reduces the energy consumption of each node by minimizing the direct communication of the nodes with the Base station or CHs by changing the hierarchy in WSN. The moto of the algorithm is to select one master Cluster Head and remaining slave CHs. The algorithm will select Master Cluster Head based on more residual energy, distance, and low packet drop; the remaining become Slave Cluster Heads. The simulation results prove that the Advanced and Energy Efficient Master/Slave algorithm improves throughput and packet delivery ratio(PDR) by decreasing the energy consumption.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

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