Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Hypertension in Older Adults

Abstract Background: The relationship between obesity and prevalent hypertension in older adults has predominantly been estimated using categorical measures of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), masking the shape of the dose-response relationship. We aimed to examine the precise relationship of BMI, WC with hypertension, and to assess the appropriate level of BMI and WC for hypertension. Methods: We examined data for 126,123 individuals in Xinzheng city aged ≥60 years from a population based study from January to December 2019. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship and the appropriate level of BMI and WC for hypertension. An additive interaction analysis was used to test synergistic effects between a higher BMI and WC for hypertension. Results: The full-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of an increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI and 1 cm in WC for hypertension were 1.084 (1.080-1.087) and 1.025 (1.024-1.027), respectively. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses showed the nonlinear relationships of BMI and WC with hypertension in both men and women (all P<0.001). The risk of hypertension increased steeply with increasing BMI from ≥25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females, respectively. And we observed a significant additive interaction between a higher BMI and WC such that the prevalence of hypertension was significantly enhanced. Conclusion: These findings suggest increased hypertension prevalence in the elderly population with increased BMI and WC. BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and WC ≤ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females may be the best suggestion with regard to primary prevention of hypertension in older adults.

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Association of body mass index and waist circumference with high blood pressure in older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02154-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenli Zhang ◽

Kun He ◽

Hao Zhao ◽

Xueqi Hu ◽

Chunyu Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

Additive Interaction ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship between obesity and prevalent high blood pressure in older adults has predominantly been estimated using categorical measures of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), masking the shape of the dose-response relationship. We aimed to examine the precise relationship of BMI, WC with high blood pressure and to assess the appropriate level of BMI and WC for high blood pressure. Methods We examined data for 126,123 individuals in Xinzheng city aged ≥60 years from a population based study from January to December 2019. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship and the appropriate level of BMI and WC for high blood pressure. An additive interaction analysis was used to test synergistic effects between a higher BMI and WC for high blood pressure. Results The full-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of an increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI and 1 cm in WC for high blood pressure were 1.084 (1.080–1.087) and 1.026(1.024–1.027), respectively. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses showed the nonlinear relationships of BMI and WC with high blood pressure in both men and women (all P < 0.001). The risk of high blood pressure increased steeply with increasing BMI from ≥25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females, respectively. And we observed a significant additive interaction between a higher BMI and WC such that the prevalence of high blood pressure was significantly enhanced. Conclusion These findings suggest increased high blood pressure prevalence in the older adults with increased BMI and WC. BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and WC ≤ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females may be the best suggestion with regard to primary prevention of high blood pressure in older adults.

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The relationship between body mass index and pulse pressure in older adults with isolated systolic hypertension

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02269-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 538-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. Martins ◽

N. Tareen ◽

D. Pan ◽

K. Norris

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Systolic Hypertension ◽

Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship of Older Adults' Activities and Body Mass Index

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264307310466 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 217-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kristi Rahrig Jenkins ◽

Nancy H. Fultz

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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INCREASED INTRAMUSCULAR ADIPOSE TISSUE IS RELATED TO INCREASED CAPILLARIZATION IN OLDER ADULTS

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2020.20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

O. Addison

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Medical Center ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Positive Development ◽

Intramuscular Adipose Tissue ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: High levels of intramuscular adipose tissue and low levels of capillarization are both predicative of low muscle and mobility function in older adults, however little is known about their relationship. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of intramuscular adipose tissue and capillarization in older adults. Setting: An outpatient medical center. Participants: Forty-seven sedentary adults (age 59.9 ± 1.0 years, BMI 32.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, VO2max 22.4 ± 0.7 ml/kg/min); Measurements: All participants underwent CT scans to determine intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle biopsies to determine capillarization in the mid-thigh. A step-wise hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the contributions of age, sex, race, body mass index, 2-hour postprandial glucose, VO2max, and muscle capillarization, to the variability in intramuscular adipose tissue. Results: The predictors as a group accounted for 38.1% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue, with body mass index and capillarization each significantly contributing to the final model (P<0.001). The part correlation of body mass index with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.47, and the part correlation of capillarization with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.39, indicating that body mass index and capillarization explained 22.1%, and 15.2% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue. Conclusions: While increased muscle capillarization is typically thought of as a positive development, in some clinical conditions, such as tendinopathies, an increase in capillarization is part of the pathological process related to expansion of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. This may also be an explanation for the surprising finding that high capillarization is related to high levels of intramuscular adipose tissue. Future studies are necessary to determine the relationship of changes in both capillarization and intramuscular adipose tissue after interventions, such as exercise.

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Waist circumference, body mass index and waist-height ratio: Are two indices better than one for identifying hypertension risk in older adults?

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rafaela Haeger Luz ◽

Aline Rodrigues Barbosa ◽

Eleonora d'Orsi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Two Indices ◽

Better Than ◽

Waist Height Ratio

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The relationship of waist circumference and body mass index to grey matter volume in community dwelling adults with mild obesity

Obesity Science & Practice ◽

10.1002/osp4.145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 97-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. K. Hayakawa ◽

H. Sasaki ◽

H. Takao ◽

T. Yoshikawa ◽

N. Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Mild Obesity ◽

The Relationship

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Negative Interaction and Body Weight in Later Life

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/qf0f-98g4-3jvk-nuxe ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 305-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Neal Krause ◽

Estina Thompson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Later Life ◽

Older Men ◽

Negative Interaction ◽

Individual Variations ◽

The Relationship

This study assesses the relationship between negative interaction and body mass index values among older adults. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on probing for individual differences in response to unpleasant encounters with significant others. Individual variations in personality (introversion-extraversion) as well as social status (gender) are evaluated within this context. Tests of the complex three-way interaction between negative interaction, gender, and introversion reveal that more negative interaction is associated with higher body mass index values among elderly women who are introverted. In contrast, a significant relationship between negative interaction, introversion, and body mass failed to emerge for older men.

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The relationship between increased body mass index and frailty on falls in community dwelling older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/1471-2318-13-132 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Katie J Sheehan ◽

Matthew DL O’Connell ◽

Clodagh Cunningham ◽

Lisa Crosby ◽

Rose Anne Kenny

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

The Relationship

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Development of Estimate Formulas for Waist Circumference Using Body Mass Index and Limb Circumferences in Hospitalized Older Adults

International Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.28933/ijoar-2020-12-2505 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Calf Circumference ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Thigh Circumference ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Hospitalized Older Adults

Background: Little research has been conducted on the estimate formulas for waist circumference using body mass index and limb circumferences in hospitalized older adults. Thus, we conducted the present study to develop estimate formulas of waist circumference using body mass index and limb circumferences in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Forty hospitalized older patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We measured waist circumference, body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference. The estimate formulas for waist circumference were developed using simple and multiple regression analysis. Results: Simple regression analysis indicated that body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference were independent explanators for waist circumference (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, body mass index, upper arm circumference, and forearm circumference but not thigh circumference and calf circumference were extracted as independent explanators for waist circumference in multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05). We were able to develop the estimate formulas using body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference. Conclusion: The results suggest that the estimate formulas for waist circumference may provide an opportunity to easily evaluate waist circumference, even in hospitalized older adults with kyphosis posture. However, future studies should be conducted to develop the estimate formulas for waist circumference with a lower error value.

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