scholarly journals The Introduction of Broad-Leaved Tree Species Drives The Process of Nutrient Cycling in Forest Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu SU ◽  
Haifeng YIN ◽  
Xianwei LI ◽  
Xiangjun LI ◽  
Size LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Soil Stoichiometry ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Abstract Background Pure cypress forests experience problems such as reductions in biodiversity, lowered capabilities for water and soil conservation, decreased underground productivity and land degradation. To improve the conditions of pure forests, we studied the effects of mixed gaps on the cypress (Cupressus funebris) pure forest, selecting the Chinese toon (Toona sinensis), which is a deciduous broad-leaved tree, as the mixed tree species. We examined the variations in the concentrations of C, N, and P and their ratios in plant tissues, litter and soils in different seasons in pure cypress forests with 4 different sizes of mixed gaps (50, 100, 150, 200 m2). Results The leaf N:P ratios of cypress and Chinese toon were 10.77 and 12.74, respectively, and N was the main limiting factor for tree growth in the study area. The N and P resorption rates of the cypress pure forest were 57.4% and 60.7%, respectively, and mixed gaps with Chinese toon increased the resorption rates. An analysis of correlations among leaf-litter-soil stoichiometry indicated that the correlations between the soil nutrient elements and the corresponding plant leaves and litter increased when the broadleaf tree species was introduced into the cypress pure forest. Conclusions These results indicate that the introduction of broad-leaved species was favorable for triggering the forest soil nutrient recycling process.

scholarly journals Long-Term Projections of the Natural Expansion of the Pine Wood Nematode in the Iberian Peninsula

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Begoña de la Fuente ◽  
Santiago Saura
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Informative Content

The invasive pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease, was first reported in Europe, near Lisbon, in 1999, and has since then spread to most of Portugal. We here modelled the spatiotemporal patterns of future PNW natural spread in the Iberian Peninsula, as dispersed by the vector beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis, using a process-based and previously validated network model. We improved the accuracy, informative content, forecasted period and spatial drivers considered in previous modelling efforts for the PWN in Southern Europe. We considered the distribution and different susceptibility to the PWN of individual pine tree species and the effect of climate change projections on environmental suitability for PWN spread, as we modelled the PWN expansion dynamics over the long term (>100 years). We found that, in the absence of effective containment measures, the PWN will spread naturally to the entire Iberian Peninsula, including the Pyrenees, where it would find a gateway for spread into France. The PWN spread will be relatively gradual, with an average rate of 0.83% of the total current Iberian pine forest area infected yearly. Climate was not found to be an important limiting factor for long-term PWN spread, because (i) there is ample availability of alternative pathways for PWN dispersal through areas that are already suitable for the PWN in the current climatic conditions; and (ii) future temperatures will make most of the Iberian Peninsula suitable for the PWN before the end of this century. Unlike climate, the susceptibility of different pine tree species to the PWN was a strong determinant of PWN expansion through Spain. This finding highlights the importance of accounting for individual tree species data and of additional research on species-specific susceptibility for more accurate modelling of PWN spread and guidance of related containment efforts.

scholarly journals ECOTOPIC RANGES OF BROAD-LEAVED TREE SPECIES ON THE EASTERN BORDER OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE (SUBZONE OF BROAD-LEAVED DARK CONIFEROUS FORESTS)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Yu.P. Gorichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Based on the analysis of ecotope schemes, the article attempts to delineate the ecotopic ranges of broad-leaved species on the eastern border of their geographical distribution within the subzone of broad-leaved dark coniferous forests. The term "ecotopic range of a species" is used, which means a set of ecotopes or types of habitats occupied by cenopopulations of a species. The article analyzes 3 ecotope schemes of the Ufa Plateau, on the basis of which the ecotopic areas of broad-leaved species are outlined. The author's scheme of ecotopes of the area of broad-leaved dark coniferous forests of the Southern Urals is presented and the ecotopic ranges of broad-leaved species in this area are outlined.

scholarly journals Nutritional regime of gray forest soil аt different anthropogenic loads

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
N. Borys ◽  
L. Krasjuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
By Products

The aim of the research is to establish the peculiarities of the formation of the nutrient regime of gray forest soil with different systems of basic cultivation, fertilization and sealing of by-products of crops in short-rotation 4-field grain crop rotation – winter wheat–corn for grain–barley–soybean. Evaluate the quantitative inflow of biomass, participation in the formation of the nutrient regime of gray forest soil, especially the differentiation of 0–40 cm of soil layer depending on the distribution of nutrients in different tillage soil systems. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary experiment of the department of soil cultivation and weed control of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS», founded in 1969. The fertilization system consisted of the application of mineral fertilizers N65Р58К68 kg acting things per 1 ha of crop rotation area. As an organic fertilizer, we used by-products of crop rotation, where during 2009–2013 received an average of 5,17–5,50 t/ha, and 2014–2017 – 6,65–7,76 t/ha of crop rotation. The existing yield of the main product significantly influenced the volume of the non-commodity part, with the growth of the main product, the growth of by-products also took place in direct proportion. Nitrogen removal averaged 105 kg/ha, and with biomass it returned on average 55,4 kg/ ha, nitrogen with a full mineralization cycle, in general, this corresponds to 45–47 % of the share of costs. In general, the return of phosphorus from by-products for the rotation of 5 received an average of 12,0–16,7 kg/ha and 4-field crop 26 rotation 19,5–22,0 kg/ha, which was 35–40 % of the total removal harvest. The soil received many times more potassium from the biomass of agricultural crops than part of the cost of the main product, due to the attraction of the maize leaf mass, from which an average of 177–253 kg/ha enters the soil, and for crop rotation – 61,4–95,4 kg/ha per hectare of sown area. Key words: gray forest soil, soil nutrient regime, recycling of nutrients, main and by-products of crops.

Seedling growth and soil nutrient availability in exotic and native tree species: implications for afforestation in southern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 364 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Wang ◽  
Weixing Zhu ◽  
Bi Zou ◽  
Deborah A. Neher ◽  
Shenglei Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

scholarly journals Microbial Activity in Forest Soil Under Beech, Spruce, Douglas Fir and Fir

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Timea Hajnal-Jafari ◽  
Simonida Đurić ◽  
Dragana Stamenov ◽  
Verica Vasić ◽  
Davorka Hackenberger
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Summary The aim of this research was to investigate the microbial activity in forest soil from different sites under deciduous and coniferous trees in Serbia. One site on Stara planina was under beech trees (Fagus sp.) while another under mixture of spruce (Picea sp.) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga sp.). The site on Kopaonik was under mixture of beech (Fagus sp.) and spruce (Picea sp.) trees. The site on Tara was dominantly under fir (Abies sp.), beech (Fagus sp.) and spruce (Picea sp.). The total number of bacteria, the number of actinobacteria, fungi and microorganisms involved in N and C cycles were determined using standard method of agar plates. The activities of dehydrogenase and ß-glucosidase enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The microbial activity was affected by tree species and sampling time. The highest dehydrogenase activity, total number of bacteria, number of actinobacteria, aminoheterotrophs, amylolytic and cellulolytic microorganisms were determined in soil under beech trees. The highest total number of fungi and number of pectinolytic microorganisms were determined in soil under spruce and Douglas fir trees. The correlation analyses proved the existence of statistically significant interdependency among investigated parameters.

Soil nutrient availability, root symbioses and tree species composition in tropical Africa: a review

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Root Symbioses

ABSTRACTRelations between soil nutrient availability, the occurrence of root symbioses and tree species composition in tropical Africa are discussed in the light of new evidence. Transects from humid areas at the equator towards the deserts can be summarized as follows:High availability of nitrogen, low availability of phosphorus, low pH and aluminium toxicity probably restrict the competitiveness of nitrogen-fixing species in the forests on highly weathered and leached soils in humid west and central Africa. Ectomycorrhizal species attain dominance in species-poor forests on the soils poorest in phosphorus, while species with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza form diverse forests on more fertile soils. Nitrogen-fixing species, which mostly are VA mycorrhizal, are more common in woodlands, where nitrogen is lost in grass fires, than in forests, which have a more closed nitrogen cycle. Low availability of phosphorus, however, limits the growth of nitrogen-fixing species in moist savannas. Ectomycorrhizal species are dominant, possibly because of a competitive advantage conferred by the large storage capacity of the fungal mantles under conditions of discontinuous nutrient supply. Nitrogen-fixing species become more abundant towards drier areas with an increase in soil phosphorus and a decline in soil nitrogen. These conditions culminate at the desert fringe, where nitrogen-fixing species reach their most conspicuous development.It is concluded that soil nutrient availability and root symbioses interact and strongly affect the composition of vegetation communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document