scholarly journals Plant growth and nutrient composition in shrub and arbor willows grown in Cu contaminated soil as affected by flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yini Cao ◽  
Chuanxin Ma ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jiang Xiao ◽  
Jiuxi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Shrub Willow ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
Accumulation Capacity ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses

Abstract Flooding can adversely worsen the metal contaminated soil and plant growth thus, it is crucial to explore the ecophysiological responses of plants upon co-exposure to heavy metals and flooding. Here, the plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient elements composition in arbor willow (Salix jiangsuensis ‘J172’) and shrub willow (Salix integra ‘Yizhibi’) were studied using a pot experiment with Cu contaminated soil (239.51 mg∙kg-1) under flooded versus non flooded condition. Salix integra showed larger BCFs than Salix jiangsuensis in both treatments, soil flooding significantly decreased the Cu contents and BCF while obviously increased TF values in both willow species (p < 0.05). Soil flooding markedly enhanced the leaf C:P and N:P ratios, while significantly decreased root C:P and N:P ratios, as compared to non flooded condition. The shrub willow exhibited better tolerance to soil flooding with little alteration in biomass and photosynthetic rate, and showed greater potential of Cu accumulation capacity, even though its total biomass was significantly lower than arbor willow. Our study also helps further understanding the nutrient balance and stoichiometry of willows in Cu contaminated soil and their response to soil flooding, helping the management of Cu-contaminated flooded soils.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Mathias Neumann Andersen ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Performance of Ornamental Plants in Alternative Organic Growing Media Amended with Increasing Rates of Expanded Shale

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sloan ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
Peter A.Y. Ampim ◽  
Steve A. George ◽  
Wayne A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Expanded Shale

Organic and inorganic amendments are often used to improve chemical and physical properties of soils. The objective of this study was to determine how the inclusion of light-weight expanded shale in various organic matter blends would affect plant performance. Four basic blends of organic growing media were prepared using traditional or alternative organic materials: 1) 75% pine bark (PB) + 25% sphagnum peatmoss (PM), 2) 50% PB + 50% wastewater biosolids (BS), 3) 100% municipal yard waste compost (compost), and 4) 65% PB + 35% cottonseed hulls (CH). Light-weight expanded shale was then blended with each of these mixtures at rates of 0%, 15%, 30%, and 60% (v/v). Vinca (Catharanthus roseus), verbena (Verbena hybrida), and shantung maple (Acer truncatum) were planted into the growing media after they were transferred into greenhouse pots. Vinca growth was monitored for 3 months before harvesting aboveground plant tissue to determine total biomass yield and elemental composition. Verbena growth was monitored for 6 months, during which time aboveground plant tissue was harvested twice to determine total biomass yield. Additionally, aboveground vinca plant tissue was analyzed for nutrients and heavy metal concentrations. In the absence of expanded shale, verbena and shantung maple trees produced more aboveground biomass in the 50-PB/50-BS blends, whereas vinca grew more biomass in the pure compost blends. Inclusion of expanded shale in the various organic matter blends generally had a negative effect on plant growth, with the exception of shantung maple growth in the 65-PB/35-CH blend. Reduced plant growth was probably due to a lower concentration of nutrients in the growing media. Macro- and micronutrient uptake was generally reduced by addition of expanded shale to the organic growing media. Results suggest that organic materials that have been stabilized through prior decomposition, such as compost or PM, are safe and reliable growing media, but expanded shale offers few benefits to a container growing medium except in cases where additional porosity is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplemental Cations on Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation in Canna indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manutsawan Manokieng ◽  
◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Mineral Accumulation

Abstract The effects of supplemental cations on growth, nitrogen, and mineral accumulation were assessed in Canna indica L. Similar sized 45 days-old plants were grown on a nutrient solution modified from Hoagland and Arnon (1950). The different cations were added to generate 6 treatments (n=4): (i) control (no cation added), (ii) 2.5 mM K+, (iii) 2.5 mM Ca2+, (iv) 75 mM Na+, (v) 1.25 mM K+ + 1.25 mM Ca2+ and (vi) 2.5 mM Ca2+ + 75 mM Na+, respectively. An experiment was carried out in the greenhouse for 49 days. The study found that supplemental K+ and K++ Ca2+ increased plant growth and total biomass. The highest SER was found in plants receiving supplemental K+. In contrast, SERs, leaf areas, and total biomass decreased in Na+ or Na++Ca2+ supplemented plants. The accumulated NO3- concentration (at the whole plant level) was also highest in the plants with supplemental K+ and K++Ca2+. The total nitrogen accumulation was higher in the K+, Ca2+, and K++Ca2+ supplemented plants than in the control plants. The results suggest that supplemental cations particularly K+ can enhance plant growth and nitrogen accumulation in C. indica. Therefore, cation supplementation could be an alternative technique to stimulate plant growth and improve nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Nitrate removal, Potassium, Tropical wetland plants

Effect of EDTA and EDDS on Phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- Contaminated Soil by Brassica Juncea

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5040-5046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Di Gao ◽  
Naoki Kano ◽  
Yuichi Sato ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hiroshi Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Control System ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Biomass Loss

Effect of EDTA and EDDS on phytoremediation of Pb- and Zn- contaminated soil by Brassica Juncea was investigated in this work. Especially, the effect of the kind and the method of adding chelating agent was investigated during the plant growth. Plants were grown in an environmental control system. The biomass of the whole plant was weighed, and the uptake of Pb and Zn in shoot and root were determined using ICP-AES. Consequently, the following matters have been obtained: (1) Both EDTA and EDDS significantly enhanced the translocation of metals (Pb and Zn) in soil from root to shoot. Furthermore, the two chelating agents resulted in a sharply biomass loss for more than 30% of the control. As a result, the total uptake amount of metals by Brassica Juncea was decreased (except the uptake of Pb with the addition of 3.0 mmol•kg-1 EDTA). (2) EDDS showed the higher inhibition for the growth of Brassica Juncea than EDTA. (3) The method for adding EDTA and EDDS at several times separately did not necessarily increase the uptake of heavy metals.

Root-induced changes of Zn and Pb dynamics in the rhizosphere of sunflower with different plant growth promoting treatments in a heavily contaminated soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Majid Mousavi ◽  
Babak Motesharezadeh ◽  
Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini ◽  
Hoseinali Alikhani ◽  
Ali Asghar Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Induced Changes

Bioremediation of contaminated soil with plant growth rhizobium bacteria

2022 ◽  
pp. 265-284
Author(s):  
Metin Turan ◽  
Sanem Argin ◽  
Parisa Bolouri ◽  
Tuba Arjumend ◽  
Nilda Ersoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil

scholarly journals Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soil Through the Combination of Assisted Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Anza ◽  
Oihane Salazar ◽  
Lur Epelde ◽  
José María Becerril ◽  
Itziar Alkorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Cow Slurry

Here, we aimed to bioremediate organically contaminated soil with Brassica napus and a bacterial consortium. The bioaugmentation consortium consisted of four endophyte strains that showed plant growth-promoting traits (three Pseudomonas and one Microbacterium) plus three strains with the capacity to degrade organic compounds (Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, Paenibacillus sp. and Lysinibacillus sp.). The organically contaminated soil was supplemented with rhamnolipid biosurfactant and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate to increase the degradability of the sorbed contaminants. Soils were treated with organic amendments (composted horse manure vs. dried cow slurry) to promote plant growth and stimulate soil microbial activity. Apart from quantification of the expected decrease in contaminant concentrations (total petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), the effectiveness of our approach was assessed in terms of the recovery of soil health, as reflected by the values of different microbial indicators of soil health. Although the applied treatments did not achieve a significant decrease in contaminant concentrations, a significant improvement of soil health was observed in our amended soils (especially in soils amended with dried cow slurry), pointing out a not-so-uncommon situation in which remediation efforts fail from the point of view of the reduction in contaminant concentrations while succeeding to recover soil health.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Nickel Toxicity and Growth Promotion in Sesame through the Application of a Bacterial Endophyte and Zeolite in Nickel Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Syeda Sosan Bukhari ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction

Nickel (Ni) bioavailable fraction in the soil is of utmost importance because of its involvement in plant growth and environmental feedbacks. High concentrations of Ni in the soil environment, especially in the root zone, may retard plant growth that ultimately results in reduced plant biomass and yield. However, endophytic microorganisms have great potential to reduce the toxicity of Ni, especially when applied together with zeolite. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of an endophytic bacterium Caulobacter sp. MN13 in combination with zeolite on the physiology, growth, quality, and yield of sesame plant under normal and Ni stressed soil conditions through possible reduction of Ni uptake. Surface sterilized sesame seeds were sown in pots filled with artificially Ni contaminated soil amended with zeolite. Results revealed that plant agronomic attributes such as shoot root dry weight, total number of pods, and 1000-grains weight were increased by 41, 45, 54, and 65%, respectively, over control treatment, with combined application of bacteria and zeolite in Ni contaminated soil. In comparison to control, the gaseous exchange parameters (CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal- sub-stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and vapor pressure) were significantly enhanced by co-application of bacteria and zeolite ranging from 20 to 49% under Ni stress. Moreover, the combined utilization of bacteria and zeolite considerably improved water relations of sesame plant, in terms of relative water content (RWC) and relative membrane permeability (RMP) along with improvement in biochemical components (protein, ash, crude fiber, fat), and micronutrients in normal as well as in Ni contaminated soil. Moreover, the same treatment modulated the Ni-stress in plants through improvement in antioxidant enzymes (AEs) activities along with improved Ni concentration in the soil and different plant tissues. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that combined application of metal-tolerant bacterium Caulobacter sp. MN13 and zeolite is the most influential strategy in alleviating Ni-induced stress and subsequent improvement in growth, yield, and physio-biochemical attributes of sesame plant.

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