scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistance and Virulence-Related Properties of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli in Urban River: A Possible Source and Dissemination of Human Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Araújo Nogueira ◽  
Julianna Giordano Botelho Olivella ◽  
Bruna Ribeiro Sued-Karam ◽  
Paula Marcele Afonso Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Valmir Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Human Infections

Abstract The presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli harboring virulence pathotypes in aquatic systems is a public health concern due to an increase number of cases of infections and outbreaks in industrialized and developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of Joana river, located at Rio de Janeiro, by analyzing E. coli bacteria contamination and to investigate virulence properties and MDR profiles by phenotypic and genotypic methods, including bacterial interaction with Caco-2 cells. A total of 34 E. coli were identified by MALDI-TOF and 20 E. coli were characterized as MDR when submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test. Evaluation by multiplex-PCR of MDR E. coli demonstrated the presence of virulence pathotypes: EHEC (stx1, stx2, eae genes), STEC (stx2 gene) and EIEC/STEC (stx2, iaL genes). Virulence potential was demonstrated by the ability to adhere and survive within Caco-2 cells of MDR E. coli pathotypes (n = 4). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the presence of diarrheagenic MDR E. coli in river water at Rio de Janeiro. The possibility of aquatic environment dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and human contamination leading to community and nosocomial infections due to virulent MDR E. coli water-borne pathogens is a matter of concern.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality Assessment by PCR and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility in Mangrove Crabs (Ucides cordatus) from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. N. Carvalho ◽  
M. M. Jayme ◽  
G. S. Arenazio ◽  
F. V. Araújo ◽  
S. G. F. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Crab Meat ◽  
Janeiro State

The bacteriological quality of crabs from three different mangroves (Itaóca, Suruí, and Piedade) from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, was investigated using conventional and molecular methods. The results revealed high counts for total coliforms in meat and hepatopancreas samples. PCR analyses identified 25Escherichia colicolonies in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples, detecting 13 enterotoxigenic colonies and 9 enteroaggregative colonies. Respectively, 12, 11, and 21Vibrio parahaemolyticusstrains were detected in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples. TwoV. choleraestrains were detected in the Piedade samples. TheE. colistrains isolated in the present study showed resistance to gentamicin.E. colistrains from the Piedade samples showed 33% resistance to chloramphenicol and the strains also showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.31.Vibriostrains from Piedade, Itaóca, and Suruí showed 86%, 78%, and 85% resistance, respectively, to ampicillin. The isolatedVibriostrains showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents, with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.25. The presence of these organisms in crab meat is an indication of microbial contamination, which may pose health risks to consumers when improperly cooked.

Microbiological Quality of Ground Beef from Conventionally-Reared Cattle and “Raised without Antibiotics” Label Claims

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY T. LeJEUNE ◽  
NICHOLAS P. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

The contamination of the food supply with pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has emerged as an important health concern. We compared the microbiological quality of 77 samples of ground beef from conventionally raised cattle with 73 samples of ground beef from cattle raised without antimicrobial agents. Contamination with coliforms (1.7 log CFU/g) and Escherichia coli (0.51 log CFU/g) and Shiga toxin 2–producing E. coli (6% prevalence) was similar in both sample groups. Neither Salmonella, E. coli O157, nor vancomycin-resistant enterococci were isolated from any sample. Prevalence of E. coli resistant to ampicillin (39%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23%), ceftriaxone (5%), tetracycline (19%), streptomycin (19%), kanamycin (11%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2%), and gentamicin (1%) was similar in both groups. E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin was not identified. Resistance to ceftiofur and chloramphenicol was more prevalent in beef from conventionally raised cattle at 18 and 30%, respectively, compared to 5 and 12% prevalence in beef from cattle raised without antimicrobial agents. These results do not correlate with the frequency of subtherapeutic use of these two antibiotics in beef production. Other factors in addition to, or in lieu of, the subtherapeutic use of specific antimicrobial agents in the preharvest stages of beef production may contribute significantly to the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in ground beef.

Impact of Raw Materials and Processing Techniques on The Microbiological Quality of Egyptian Domiati Cheese

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Yeast

Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese & swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast & mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast & mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/ cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (p ≤0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.

Microbiological Examination of Vegetable Seed Sprouts in Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOIKYUNG KIM ◽  
YOUNGJUN LEE ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽  
BONG-JUNE YOON ◽  
JEE-HOON RYU
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Online Stores

Sprouted vegetable seeds used as food have been implicated as sources of outbreaks of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. We profiled the microbiological quality of sprouts and seeds sold at retail shops in Seoul, Korea. Ninety samples of radish sprouts and mixed sprouts purchased at department stores, supermarkets, and traditional markets and 96 samples of radish, alfalfa, and turnip seeds purchased from online stores were analyzed to determine the number of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and molds or yeasts (MY) and the incidence of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Enterobacter sakazakii. Significantly higher numbers of TAB (7.52 log CFU/g) and MY (7.36 log CFU/g) were present on mixed sprouts than on radish sprouts (6.97 and 6.50 CFU/g, respectively). Populations of TAB and MY on the sprouts were not significantly affected by location of purchase. Radish seeds contained TAB and MY populations of 4.08 and 2.42 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas populations of TAB were only 2.54 to 2.84 log CFU/g and populations of MY were 0.82 to 1.69 log CFU/g on alfalfa and turnip seeds, respectively. Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected on any of the sprout and seed samples tested. E. sakazakii was not found on seeds, but 13.3% of the mixed sprout samples contained this potentially pathogenic bacterium.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of potentially human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from riding horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Reshadi ◽  
Fatemeh Heydari ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour ◽  
Mahboube Bagheri ◽  
Maziar Jajarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Transmission of antimicrobial resistant and virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) from animal to human has been considered as a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic background and prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance in healthy riding-horses in Iran. In this research, the genes related to six main pathotypes of E. coli were screened. Also, genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics were studied, then phylo-grouping was performed on all the isolates. Results Out of 65 analyzed isolates, 29.23 % (n = 19) were determined as STEC and 6.15 % (n = 4) as potential EPEC. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2 %) and ceftriaxone (38.5 %). blaTEM was the most detected resistance gene (98.4 %) among the isolates and 26.15 % of the E. coli isolates were determined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Three phylo-types including B1 (76.92 %), A (13.85 %) and D (3.08 %) were detected among the isolates. Conclusions Due to the close interaction of horses and humans, these findings would place emphasis on the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the equine strains and may help to design antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs to control the dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant E. coli strains in the community.

scholarly journals Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sofia Valente ◽  
Paulo Pedro ◽  
M. Carmen Alonso ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Lídia Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Tests

Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters. ISO 17994:2004 standard was used to compare these methods. The IDEXX for total coliforms and E. coli, Colilert®, showed higher values than those obtained by the standard method. Enterolert® test, for the enumeration of enterococci, showed lower values when compared with the standard method. It may be concluded that more studies to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the rapid tests are required in order to apply them for routine monitoring of marine and freshwater recreational bathing areas. The main advantages of these methods are that they are more specific, feasible and simpler than the standard methodology.

Effectiveness of Trimming and/or Washing on Microbiological Quality of Beef Carcasses

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. PRASAI ◽  
R. K PHEBUS ◽  
C. M. GARCIA ZEPEDA ◽  
C. L. KASTNER ◽  
A. E. BOYLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Being Moved

Beef carcass sides (n = 48) were selected randomly on three different days in a commercial processing facility and microbiologically analyzed before being moved to the cooler. Four types of samples were obtained per side from the inside round area: no trim and no wash (NTNW); trim, but no wash (TNW); trim and wash (TW), and no trim but wash (NTW). A flame-sterilized knife, forceps, and scalpel were used for each trimming treatment and sampling. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in mean aerobic plate counts (APCs) between treatments. The greatest reduction in APC (log10 colony forming units [CFU] per cm2) was observed in TNW samples followed by TW and NTW, with the corresponding mean APC reductions relative to NTNW being 3.0, 0.9, and 0.3, respectively, indicating that trimming can be an effective control point in reducing bacterial contamination in the slaughter process. Although TNW samples, had the lowest counts, samples from the same location after wash (TW) had counts 2 log cycles higher than TNW samples. These results indicate that washing spreads contamination to adjacent carcass sites. However, washing of carcasses was effective in lowering microbial populations relative to the NTNW treatment. Escherichia coli and coliform counts in all samples were low (0.03 to 0.4 log10 CFU/cm2); however, the mean E. coli or coliform count in NTNW samples was higher (P < 0.05) than those in the rest of the treatments.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microbiological quality of popular food items on sale in secondary school canteens of Mauritius

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayawatee Goburdhun ◽  
Mahima D. Beeharry ◽  
Keshnee Reega ◽  
Arvind Ruggoo ◽  
Hudaa Neetoo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Composite Samples

This study was carried out to assess the microbiological status of three hot meals served in eight selected school canteens of Mauritius, with two schools randomly selected from each of the four school zones of the island. Three individual samples of farata, panini, or fried noodles were collected at each school during two independent visits. The three individual samples of each food type collected during each visit were then pooled before being subjected to microbiological analyses. A total of 48 composite samples were analyzed. The parameters tested were Total Viable Count (TVC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria spp. The microbiological analyses revealed that paninis were deemed as generally acceptable with TVC falling in the range of 3.0-5.7 Log CFU/g and undetectable levels of S. aureus and E. coli. In contrast, fried noodles and faratas harboured a moderately high level of TVC (4.4-6.7 Log CFU/g) and objectionably high levels S. aureus (3.1 to 5.0 Log CFU/g) and E. coli (3.1-5.1 Log CFU/g) for seven out of the eight schools.

scholarly journals Microbial quality of beef and hygiene practices in small and medium slaughterhouses and butcheries in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Kyayesimira ◽  
Wangalwa Rapheal ◽  
Grace Kagoro Rugunda ◽  
Lejju Julius Bunny ◽  
Morgan Andama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Beef Carcass

Abstract Background If hygiene practices along the beef processing nodes at small and medium enterprise (SME) slaughter houses and butcheries are not observed, they may pose a health risk due to microbial contamination. In SME slaughterhouses and butcheries, the risk may be higher due to transmission of foodborne pathogens. This study determined the hygienic practices and microbial quality risk among meat handlers (MH) in SME slaughterhouses and butcheries. Methods Assessment of microbiological quality of beef was carried out at slaughter houses and butcher shops in the districts of Western, Central and Eastern regions of Uganda. A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2018 using observation checklists to record unhygienic practices among the various actors. Microbial load at slaughter and butchery was determined from a total of 317 swab samples collected from carcass, tools, protective clothing and hands of meat handlers. The microbiological quality of beef was evaluated using standard microbiological methods. The samples were inoculated into differential and selective media. Results Butcheries had the highest microbial load on beef carcass ranging from 4.76 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 7.90 log 10 cfu/cm 2 Total Viable Counts (TVC) while Total Coliform Counts (TCC) ranged from 1.42 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 3.05 log 10 cfu/cm 2 , E. coli ranged from 0.68 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 1.06 log 10 cfu/cm 2 and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 3.25 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 4.84 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Salmonella was absent in all the samples analysed. Results of overall microbial quality of beef in Uganda indicated that only TCC (1.60±0.26 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) of the beef carcass samples at slaughter houses was not significantly above the safe level (p = 0.693). Overall microbial load (TVC, TCC, E. coli and S. aureus ) at butcheries were significantly (p < 0.05) above the safe level. Butcheries of Mbale district had the highest percentage (70%) of beef carcass samples above the TCC safe levels whereas butcheries of Mbarara district had the highest percentage (40%) of beef carcass samples above the E. coli safe levels. TVC from hands and clothes at butchery across the three study districts varied significantly (p=0.007) with the highest counts (7.23 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) recorded from personnel clothes and lowest (5.46 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) recorded from hands. On the other hand, swab samples picked from chopping board and working table at the butchery did not show significant variation in TVC, TCC, E. coli and S. aureus microbial loads across the three study districts. Conclusion Hygienic handling of carcasses after slaughter is critical in preventing contamination and ensuring meat safety in informal meat trading sectors in Uganda. Handling practices of beef at Ugandan slaughterhouses and butcheries are not hygienic hence not up to standard and they contribute to microbial contamination of beef posing a risk to consumers. The distribution stage is the most critical period, during which the quality of meat can easily be compromised.

scholarly journals EVOLUÇÃO DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL COMERCIALIZADO EM CURITIBA (PR) NO INTERVALO DE 10 ANOS (1999 E 2009) Assessment of the microbiological quality of Minas frescal cheese commercialized in the city of Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil at 10 years’ interval (1999 and 2009)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lethycia Wolupeck ◽  
Helen Caroline Raksa ◽  
Luciane Silvia Rossa ◽  
Raquel Biasi ◽  
Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City

O queijo Minas frescal é um dos mais populares do Brasil, porém o alto teor de umidade associado ao métodode processamento, muitas vezes artesanal, e de armazenamento desse produto o tornam muito perecível.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a qualidade microbiológica de queijo Minas frescalcomercializado na cidade de Curitiba (PR) nos anos de 1999 e 2009, verificando a evolução na qualidadehigiênico-sanitária desse produto no período de 10 anos. Foram analisadas 11 marcas comerciais de queijo Minas frescal disponíveis no comércio varejista da cidade de Curitiba, sendo amostradas cinco unidades de cada marca, totalizando 55 amostras. Os queijos foram submetidos à pesquisa de Salmonella spp., contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, com resultados expressos em UFC/g. Das 55 amostras de queijo, 41,82% e 78,18% apresentaram contagem de E. coli e de coliformes totais acima do limite permitido, respectivamente. Somente uma amostra (1,82%) do total avaliado mostrou-se em desacordo com os padrões para S. coagulase positiva e uma para Salmonella spp. Ambas as amostras foram adquiridas em 2009. Todas as amostras avaliadas em 2009 apresentaram elevada contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, revelando alta carga microbiana. Comparativamente, os queijos avaliados em 1999 mostraram qualidade microbiológica superior aos queijos avaliados em 2009 (p < 0,05). Destes, 100% apresentaram no mínimo um parâmetro microbiológico em desacordo com a legislação vigente, indicando que a qualidade dos queijos Minas frescal avaliados em 2009 apresentou-se inferior a dos queijos avaliados em 1999.

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