scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Basis and Biological Significance of Heteroblasty in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Shanyu Chen ◽  
Lijuan Ai ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Hongtao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Critical Measure

Abstract Leaf morphology, as a critical measure of plant architecture, has been associated with soybean yield and quality. As yet, conclusive investigations into the genetic basis and biological significance of heteroblasty in soybean remain sparse. To identify and biologically characterize the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing heteroblasty in soybean, 11 traits associated with leaf morphology, seed quality, and grain yield were observed for two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations grown in two environments. Values of broad-sense heritability (H2) for leaf traits in two RIL populations varied from 0.62 to 0.99. These high heritabilities, taken together with the Kurtosis and Skewness values indicate that the phenotypic variation in leaf morphology observed for both RIL populations are mainly controlled by quantitative traits. The three observed leaf morphology traits exhibited significant correlations (P < 0.05) with more than half of the grain yield and seed quality traits, with correlation coefficients varying from − 0.40 to 0.43, which suggests that leaf morphology can significantly influence soybean yield and quality. A total of 11 QTLs were detected for leaf morphology, with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 3.40 to 89.6, which accounted for 1.38 ~ 74.53% of genetic variation. Eight of these loci for leaf morphology co-located with those for seed quality and grain yield, which coincided large and extensive leaf morphologies that contributed to seed quality and grain yield formation. Overall, these results provide important information for breeding high yielding crop varieties with improved quality traits produced through optimization of leaf morphology.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Common Genetic Basis Underlying Seed Hilum Size, Yield, and Quality Traits in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Chunyan Yang ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Developing high yielding cultivars with outstanding quality traits are perpetual objectives throughout crop breeding operations. Confoundingly, both of these breeding objectives typically involve working with complex quantitative traits that can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Establishing correlations of these complex traits with more easily identifiable and highly heritable traits can simplify breeding processes. In this study, two parental soybean genotypes contrasting in seed hilum size, yield, and seed quality, as well as 175 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from these parents, were grown in 3 years. The h2b of four hilum size, two quality and two yield traits, ranged from 0.72 to 0.87. The four observed hilum size traits exhibited significant correlation (P &lt; 0.05) with most of seed yield and quality traits, as indicated by correlation coefficients varying from -0.35 to 0.42, which suggests that hilum size could be considered as a proxy trait for soybean yield and quality. Interestingly, among 53 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.51 to 6.69 and accounting for 6.40–16.10% of genetic variation, three loci encoding hilum size, qSH6.2, qSH8, and qSH10, colocated with QTLs for seed yield and quality traits, demonstrating that genes impacting seed hilum size colocalize in part with genes acting on soybean yield and quality. As a result of the breeding efforts and field observations described in this work, it is reasonable to conclude that optimizing hilum size through selection focused on a few QTLs may be useful for breeding new high yielding soybean varieties with favorable quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Malting Barley Diseases, Yield and Quality – Responses to Using Various Agro-Technology Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Kangor ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
Ylle Tamm ◽  
Ilmar Tamm ◽  
Mati Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Abstract Pyrenophora teres (net blotch) and Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch), the most widely spread diseases in the Northern Baltic region, have high impact on cereal production. The effect of three levels of fertilisation and two fungicide treatments on the severity of barley diseases, grain yield and quality traits (protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grading) was tested during a period of three years. Weather conditions during the growing season highly determined disease severity, yield and quality. In addition, the infection level of P. teres was more dependent on fungicide treatment (p ≤ 0.001) and barley variety (p ≤ 0.001) while C. sativus infection was influenced more by fertilisation (p ≤ 0.001) and year x fertilisation interaction (p ≤ 0.001). Fungicide treatment had no influence on grain yield and protein content, but slightly improved TKW (p ≤ 0.05), test weight (p ≤ 0.001) and grading (p ≤ 0.001). However, these quality traits were mostly influenced by barley variety (p ≤ 0.001). TKW and test weight were highest at fertilisation level N80P12K43. The effect of year and fertilisation contributed significantly to the grain protein content. Grain yield and protein content were highest at the maximum fertiliser application (N100P15K54).

scholarly journals Exogenous Potassium Treatments Elevate Salt Tolerance and Performances of Glycine max L. by Boosting Antioxidant Defense System under Actual Saline Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab S. Taha ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Potassium Application ◽  
Soybean Plants

Salinity is one of the major issues that limits field crop productivity in an arid and semiarid environment. Therefore, two field trials were carried out over two seasons of 2018 and 2019 to investigate the enhancement of different methods of potassium application (i.e., recommended soil amendment (control; K2O), seed soaking (SS) and foliar spray (FS) in the form of potassium sulfate (K2SO4, 6 mM)) on antioxidant protection, physio-biochemical, yield and quality traits of soybean (cv. Giza 22) grown in normal (electrical conductivity; EC = 2.68 dS m−1) and saline soil (EC = 7.46 dS m−1). Physio-biochemical attributes (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, K+ and K+/Na+ ratios, performance index and catalase (CAT) activity), growth traits (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves plant−1 and shoot dry weight), yield and its components and seed quality (number of pods plant−1, 100-seed weight, seed yield ha−1 and seed protein and oil contents) were significantly decreased when soybean plants were grown in saline soil compared with those grown in normal soil. In contrast, activity of enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)), contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants (i.e., total soluble sugars, free proline, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol), Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in soybean plants grown in saline soil compared with normal soil. However, under salt-stressed conditions, potassium applied through SS or FS significantly enhanced all soybean growth, photosynthetic efficiency, K+ content, ratio of K+/Na+ and activity of CAT, SOD, APX and GPX as well as improved yield and quality traits, while potassium application did not affect the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants. For instance, foliar potassium application (FS) increased seed yield ha−1 by 92.31% and protein content by 63.19% compared with the control under the salt stress condition. In addition, both applications of potassium significantly reduced Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and MDA contents in soybean plants compared with those obtained from control treatments. Exogenous application of K2SO4 was more effective than SS at improving soybean physio-biochemical attributes, yield and seed quality traits under soil-salinity stress.

Evaluation of Grain Yield and Quality Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes Cultivated in Northwest Turkey

Crop Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuz Bilgin ◽  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
İsmet Başer ◽  
José Crossa ◽  
Kayıhan Zahit Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality
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