scholarly journals Characterization of the Common Genetic Basis Underlying Seed Hilum Size, Yield, and Quality Traits in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Chunyan Yang ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Developing high yielding cultivars with outstanding quality traits are perpetual objectives throughout crop breeding operations. Confoundingly, both of these breeding objectives typically involve working with complex quantitative traits that can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Establishing correlations of these complex traits with more easily identifiable and highly heritable traits can simplify breeding processes. In this study, two parental soybean genotypes contrasting in seed hilum size, yield, and seed quality, as well as 175 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from these parents, were grown in 3 years. The h2b of four hilum size, two quality and two yield traits, ranged from 0.72 to 0.87. The four observed hilum size traits exhibited significant correlation (P < 0.05) with most of seed yield and quality traits, as indicated by correlation coefficients varying from -0.35 to 0.42, which suggests that hilum size could be considered as a proxy trait for soybean yield and quality. Interestingly, among 53 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.51 to 6.69 and accounting for 6.40–16.10% of genetic variation, three loci encoding hilum size, qSH6.2, qSH8, and qSH10, colocated with QTLs for seed yield and quality traits, demonstrating that genes impacting seed hilum size colocalize in part with genes acting on soybean yield and quality. As a result of the breeding efforts and field observations described in this work, it is reasonable to conclude that optimizing hilum size through selection focused on a few QTLs may be useful for breeding new high yielding soybean varieties with favorable quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Basis and Biological Significance of Heteroblasty in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Shanyu Chen ◽  
Lijuan Ai ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Hongtao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Critical Measure

Abstract Leaf morphology, as a critical measure of plant architecture, has been associated with soybean yield and quality. As yet, conclusive investigations into the genetic basis and biological significance of heteroblasty in soybean remain sparse. To identify and biologically characterize the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing heteroblasty in soybean, 11 traits associated with leaf morphology, seed quality, and grain yield were observed for two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations grown in two environments. Values of broad-sense heritability (H2) for leaf traits in two RIL populations varied from 0.62 to 0.99. These high heritabilities, taken together with the Kurtosis and Skewness values indicate that the phenotypic variation in leaf morphology observed for both RIL populations are mainly controlled by quantitative traits. The three observed leaf morphology traits exhibited significant correlations (P < 0.05) with more than half of the grain yield and seed quality traits, with correlation coefficients varying from − 0.40 to 0.43, which suggests that leaf morphology can significantly influence soybean yield and quality. A total of 11 QTLs were detected for leaf morphology, with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 3.40 to 89.6, which accounted for 1.38 ~ 74.53% of genetic variation. Eight of these loci for leaf morphology co-located with those for seed quality and grain yield, which coincided large and extensive leaf morphologies that contributed to seed quality and grain yield formation. Overall, these results provide important information for breeding high yielding crop varieties with improved quality traits produced through optimization of leaf morphology.

scholarly journals Exogenous Potassium Treatments Elevate Salt Tolerance and Performances of Glycine max L. by Boosting Antioxidant Defense System under Actual Saline Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab S. Taha ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Potassium Application ◽  
Soybean Plants

Salinity is one of the major issues that limits field crop productivity in an arid and semiarid environment. Therefore, two field trials were carried out over two seasons of 2018 and 2019 to investigate the enhancement of different methods of potassium application (i.e., recommended soil amendment (control; K2O), seed soaking (SS) and foliar spray (FS) in the form of potassium sulfate (K2SO4, 6 mM)) on antioxidant protection, physio-biochemical, yield and quality traits of soybean (cv. Giza 22) grown in normal (electrical conductivity; EC = 2.68 dS m−1) and saline soil (EC = 7.46 dS m−1). Physio-biochemical attributes (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, K+ and K+/Na+ ratios, performance index and catalase (CAT) activity), growth traits (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves plant−1 and shoot dry weight), yield and its components and seed quality (number of pods plant−1, 100-seed weight, seed yield ha−1 and seed protein and oil contents) were significantly decreased when soybean plants were grown in saline soil compared with those grown in normal soil. In contrast, activity of enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)), contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants (i.e., total soluble sugars, free proline, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol), Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in soybean plants grown in saline soil compared with normal soil. However, under salt-stressed conditions, potassium applied through SS or FS significantly enhanced all soybean growth, photosynthetic efficiency, K+ content, ratio of K+/Na+ and activity of CAT, SOD, APX and GPX as well as improved yield and quality traits, while potassium application did not affect the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants. For instance, foliar potassium application (FS) increased seed yield ha−1 by 92.31% and protein content by 63.19% compared with the control under the salt stress condition. In addition, both applications of potassium significantly reduced Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and MDA contents in soybean plants compared with those obtained from control treatments. Exogenous application of K2SO4 was more effective than SS at improving soybean physio-biochemical attributes, yield and seed quality traits under soil-salinity stress.

scholarly journals Imbalance Water Deficit Improves the Seed Yield and Quality of Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Sajad Hussain ◽  
Xiao-Wen Zhang ◽  
Cai-Qiong Yang ◽  
Muhammad Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Water imbalance condition (WIC) in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system is the main abiotic stress limiting biomass production and seed yield and, consequently, seed-quality. This experiment was started to study the effects of WIC on soybean, in which two soybean genotypes ND12 and C103 were grown in pots with roots split equally between two soil column and six WIC treatments (%) T1 (100), T2, (100:50), T3 (100:20), T4 (50:50), T5 (50:20), and T6 (20:20) field capacity on both sides of soybean roots were used. Results showed that both genotypes responded significantly to WIC treatments for all the parameters; however, the level of response differed between genotypes. Maximum osmoprotectants (except proline), biomass, yield and yield-related traits and superior seed quality were observed with ND12. Among WIC treatments, T2 and T3 produced 94% and 85%, and 93% and 81% of T1 biomass and yield, respectively. Similarly, treatments T2 and T3 also improved the oil quality by maintaining the content of unsaturated fatty acids and isoflavone content, while opposite trends were observed for protein content. Overall, moderate water reduction (T2 and T3) can improve soybean seed-quality and by selecting drought-resistant genotypes we can increase the soybean yield under intercropping systems.

scholarly journals Plant spacing and pollen quantity on yield and quality of squash seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio S. de Lima ◽  
Antonio I. I. Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo F. Verdial
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pollen Quantity

Squash seeds yield and quality can be improved by proper population plant spacing and the pollen quantity, which influences the pollination quality and fertilization. Nine experiments were conducted as a factorial combination of three spacing between plants (0.8 x 0.3, 0.8 x 0.6 and 0.8 x 0.9 m), two quantities of pollen (50% of an anther and another entire one) and natural insect pollination. Seed and fruit production parameters, and seed quality were evaluated. A randomized complete block design, five replications, with ten plants per plot was adopted. Larger plant spacing increased the average number of mature fruits and seed yield per plant. Seed yield was directly proportional to the amount of pollen used during pollination. Higher amounts of pollen resulted in higher seed yield per area, but the plant spacing did not affect this characteristic. Manual pollination, using a whole anther, did not differ from natural pollination in relation to seed yield and quality.

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

Effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on the drying, yield and quality of canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
A. J. Cessna
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

Potential use of preharvest applications of glyphosate in canola (Brassica rapa L.) in western Canada both as a harvest aid and to control weeds prompted this study. Experiments were conducted from 1988 to 1990 at four locations in the region to document the effectiveness of preharvest applications of glyphosate to enhance canola seed and foliage drydown and to measure the effect of such applications on seed yield and quality. Glyphosate was applied in early August to early September at rates of 0.45, 0.90 and 1.70 kg acid equivalent ha−1 to canola with seed moisture contents ranging from 79 to 12%. Seed and foliage moisture drydown were not enhanced by glyphosate treatment. Glyphosate treatments generally had little or no effect on canola seed yields, seed weight, seed germination, green seed content or oil content except when applied when the pods were green and when seed moisture contents were high. Seed/pod moisture was not a reliable indicator of stage of canola development and thus, should not be used alone as an indicator of when preharvest applications of glyphosate can be applied to canola without decreasing seed yield and quality. Key words: Glyphosate, canola, Brassica rapa L., preharvest application, desiccation, seed quality

Inheritance of seed yield and quality traits in peas (Pisum sativum L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Gupta ◽  
R. S. Waldia ◽  
B. S. Dahiya ◽  
K. P. Singh ◽  
D. R. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL DESICCATION VERSUS SWATHING ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. BETTS ◽  
I. N. MORRISON
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Yields

Fababean plants were swathed or desiccated with diquat [6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-A:2′, 1′-C) pyrazinediium salt] at four stages of maturity corresponding to the time when 0, 10, 25 and 50% of the pods had turned from green to black. Over the 3 yr of the study no significant differences were observed between seed yields from swathed or desiccated plants. Regardless of whether the plants were swathed or desiccated, yields and seed quality tended to be higher from plants which had 25% or more black pods at the time of treatment. Desiccating before 25% of the pods have turned black may have a more serious effect on reducing seed quality than swathing before the recommended time. By desiccating prematurely, there is a risk of reducing seed quality by significantly increasing the number of discolored or shrivelled seeds.

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
R. E. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality

Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha-1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha-1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid- (DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation, wheat

Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and quality in cowpea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
V. K. Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Main Plot

A study was carried out to assess effect of inorganic fertilizers, vermicompost, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhizae (VAM) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)] inoculation on seed yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design for two consecutive cropping season, kharif 2012 and 2013, with two main plot treatments of inorganic fertilizers i.e. 100% and 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and nine sub plot integrated nutrient management (INM) treatments including control (No organic fertilizer). Main plot treatments were at par but sub plot INM treatments differed significantly for plant height, seed yield, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, seed germination and vigour indices. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizers + Vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (4.76, 4.16 q ha″1) performed significantly better than the control (3.32, 2.79 q ha″1) for seed yield and its attributes as well as seed quality parameters during Kharif 2012 and 2013, respectively. It was at par with combined use of inorganic fertilizers + biofertilizer inoculation (Rhizobium + PSB) + VAM 10 Kg ha-1 Also, the mean cost benefit ratios (2.04, 1.90) were highest for combination of biofertilizer inoculation (Rhizobium + PSB) + VAM 10 Kg ha-1 +inorganic fertilizers 100% and 75% RDF, respectively.

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