Association of Aquaculture Environment Microbiota with Metabolism in American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima)

Abstract The environment microbiome affects the growth and development of fish species. Information of the environment microbiome is beneficial to increase the production of fish in different aquaculture systems. In this study we analyzed differences in environmental microbial composition, intestinal metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in American shad living in tank aquaculture and pond aquaculture environment. The results demonstrated that the dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae and Epsilonbacteraeota in two different environments. There were significantly changed of metabolites in different aquaculture environment, including DP-ethanolamine, L-proline, sulfuric acid, L-valine, L-tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid and L-isoleucine. The transcriptome data revealed eight genes (As23G026314, As04G005148, As21G024434, As04G005193, As23G026314, As13G016035, As02G001872 and As07G009244) related to metabolisms significantly changed in pond aquaculture group compared to tank aquaculture group. In addition, the body weight, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism of American shad also significantly changed in the pond aquaculture environment. Therefore, identifying the predominant microbiome in the aquaculture environment may be prevent the disease from occurring and maintain healthy fish reared in the aquaculture environment.

Download Full-text

Amadori rearrangement products as potential biomarkers for inborn errors of amino-acid metabolism

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01909-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rianne E. van Outersterp ◽

Sam J. Moons ◽

Udo F. H. Engelke ◽

Herman Bentlage ◽

Tessa M. A. Peters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Inborn Errors ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Diagnostic Strategies ◽

Ion Spectroscopy ◽

Disease Biomarkers ◽

Amadori Rearrangement

AbstractThe identification of disease biomarkers plays a crucial role in developing diagnostic strategies for inborn errors of metabolism and understanding their pathophysiology. A primary metabolite that accumulates in the inborn error phenylketonuria is phenylalanine, however its levels do not always directly correlate with clinical outcomes. Here we combine infrared ion spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy to identify the Phe-glucose Amadori rearrangement product as a biomarker for phenylketonuria. Additionally, we find analogous amino acid-glucose metabolites formed in the body fluids of patients accumulating methionine, lysine, proline and citrulline. Amadori rearrangement products are well-known intermediates in the formation of advanced glycation end-products and have been associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and ageing, but are now shown to also form under conditions of aminoacidemia. They represent a general class of metabolites for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism that show potential as biomarkers and may provide further insight in disease pathophysiology.

Download Full-text

The case for regulating indispensable amino acid metabolism: the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase-knockout mouse

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20061506 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 400 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Susan M. Hutson

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Keto Acid ◽

Acid Dehydrogenase ◽

Indispensable Amino Acid ◽

Branched Chain

BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) are indispensable (essential) amino acids that are required for body protein synthesis. Indispensable amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be acquired from the diet. The BCAA leucine provides hormone-like signals to tissues such as skeletal muscle, indicating overall nutrient sufficiency. BCAA metabolism provides an important transport system to move nitrogen throughout the body for the synthesis of dispensable (non-essential) amino acids, including the neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system. BCAA metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain levels high enough to support these important functions, but at the same time excesses are prevented via stimulation of irreversible disposal pathways. It is well known from inborn errors of BCAA metabolism that dysregulation of the BCAA catabolic pathways that leads to excess BCAAs and their α-keto acid metabolites results in neural dysfunction. In this issue of Biochemical Journal, Joshi and colleagues have disrupted the murine BDK (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase) gene. This enzyme serves as the brake on BCAA catabolism. The impaired growth and neurological abnormalities observed in this animal show conclusively the importance of tight regulation of indispensable amino acid metabolism.

Download Full-text

Function of Uric Acid Transporters and Their Inhibitors in Hyperuricaemia

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.667753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hao-lu Sun ◽

Yi-wan Wu ◽

He-ge Bian ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Heng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Acid Level ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Serum Uric Acid Level ◽

The Body ◽

Vicious Cycle ◽

Theoretical Support ◽

Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Uric Acid Transporters

Disorders of uric acid metabolism may be associated with pathological processes in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. These diseases can further promote uric acid accumulation in the body, leading to a vicious cycle. Preliminary studies have proven many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, and rennin angiotensin axis involving in the progression of hyperuricaemia-related diseases. However, there is still lack of effective clinical treatment for hyperuricaemia. According to previous research results, NPT1, NPT4, OAT1, OAT2, OAT3, OAT4, URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, PDZK1, these urate transports are closely related to serum uric acid level. Targeting at urate transporters and urate-lowering drugs can enhance our understanding of hyperuricaemia and hyperuricaemia-related diseases. This review may put forward essential references or cross references to be contributed to further elucidate traditional and novel urate-lowering drugs benefits as well as provides theoretical support for the scientific research on hyperuricemia and related diseases.

Download Full-text

Effects of Highly Oxygenated Water in a Hyperuricemia Rat Model

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/1323270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chih-Hsiang Fang ◽

Cheng-Chia Tsai ◽

Yan-Jye Shyong ◽

Chun-Ting Yang ◽

Keng-Yuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Oxygen Absorption ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Serum Uric Acid Concentration ◽

Oxygenated Water ◽

Oxonic Acid ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

Recent years have seen a rapidly rising number of oxygenated water brands that claim to impart health benefits and increase athletic performance by improving oxygen availability in the body. Drinks with higher dissolved oxygen concentrations have in recent times gained popularity as potential ergogenic aids, despite the lack of evidence regarding their efficacy. The aim of this study was to characterize oxygenated water and assess the improvement in uric acid metabolism while identifying performance enhancements in animals administered oxygenated water. Oxygenated water was characterized by hydrogen and oxygen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hyperuricemia in rats was induced by treatment with oxonic acid potassium salt, and the animals were given oxygenated drinking water before, during, or after oxonic acid treatment. Serum uric acid was measured to confirm the effects on uric acid metabolism. Following oxygenation, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was reduced to 11.56 Hz and 64.16 Hz in the hydrogen and oxygen NMR spectra, respectively. Oxygenated water molecule clusters were reduced in size due to the reduction in FWHM. Oxygen concentration did not vary significantly with increased temperature. However, standing time played a critical role in the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. The rat studies indicated that oxygenated water reduced serum uric acid levels and their rate of increase and enhanced uric acid metabolism. A significant improvement in uric acid metabolism and rate of increase in serum uric acid concentration was observed in hyperuricemic rats administered oxygenated water compared to that in rats administered regular water. High oxygen concentrations enhanced the rate of oxygen absorption, leading to increased glycolysis and mitochondrial protein synthesis. Therefore, oxygenated water is a potential adjuvant therapy or health food for treatment of hyperuricemia.

Download Full-text

Regional variation in muscle metabolic enzymes in individual American shad (Alosa sapidissima)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z99-074 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 1322-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JBK Leonard

Keyword(s):

White Muscle ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Metabolic Enzymes ◽

Tissue Level ◽

The Body ◽

American Shad ◽

Sampling Location ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Alosa Sapidissima

Evaluation of the activity of metabolic enzymes is often used to assess metabolic capacity at the tissue level, but the amount of regional variability within a tissue in an individual fish of a given species is frequently unknown. The activities of four enzymes (citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD)) were assayed in red and white muscle at 10 sites along the body of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima). Red and white muscle HOAD and white muscle CS and LDH varied significantly, generally increasing posteriorly. Maximal variation occurs in red muscle HOAD (~450%) and white muscle LDH (~60%) activity. Differences between the sexes also vary with sampling location. This study suggests that the variability in enzyme activity may be linked to functional differences in the muscle at different locations, and also provides guidelines for sample collection in this species.

Download Full-text