scholarly journals Association Between Plasma Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Real-world Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Carotid Artery Plaque ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia are the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis evaluated using carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid artery plaque.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 1304 patients who had multiple cardiovascular risk factors or symptoms of suspected coronary artery disease. cIMT and carotid artery plaque were measured using ultrasonography. Logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque. We used restricted cubic spline curves to assess nonlinear relationships between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque.Results: With increased quartiles of HbA1c/HDL-C, patients had higher cIMT and a greater carotid plaque burden. After adjusting for other relevant clinical covariates, patients with the highest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Quartile 4 [Q4]) had a 2.88-times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02–4.10, P<0.001) more abnormal mean cIMT, 3.72-times (95% CI: 2.55–5.44, P<0.001) more abnormal maximum cIMT, and 2.58-times (95% CI: 1.70–3.91, P<0.001) greater carotid artery plaque burden compared with patients who had the lowest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Q1). Moreover, the association of HbA1c/HDL-C with atherosclerosis remained significant in a subsample of patients with and without DM.Conclusions: As a novel compound indicator for evaluating blood glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with carotid atherosclerosis evaluated using the mean and maximum cIMT as well as the carotid artery plaque burden.

scholarly journals Association between the Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Carotid Artery Plaque ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia are the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is at exploring the relationship between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis evaluated using carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid artery plaque. Methods. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 1304 patients who had multiple cardiovascular risk factors or symptoms of suspected coronary artery disease. cIMT and carotid artery plaque were measured using ultrasonography. Logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque. We used restricted cubic spline curves to assess nonlinear relationships between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque. Results. With increased quartiles of HbA1c/HDL-C, patients had higher cIMT and a greater carotid plaque burden. After adjusting for other relevant clinical covariates, patients with the highest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (quartile 4 (Q4)) had a 2.88 times (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–4.10, P < 0.001 ) more abnormal mean cIMT, 3.72 times (95% CI: 2.55–5.44, P < 0.001 ) more abnormal maximum cIMT, and 2.58 times (95% CI: 1.70–3.91, P < 0.001 ) greater carotid artery plaque burden compared with patients who had the lowest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Q1). Moreover, the association of HbA1c/HDL-C with atherosclerosis remained significant in a subsample of patients with and without DM. Conclusion. As a novel compound indicator for evaluating blood glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with carotid atherosclerosis evaluated using the mean and maximum cIMT as well as the carotid artery plaque burden.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis and Associated Risk Factors in Individuals Without Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Insights from General Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Suli Zhang ◽  
Ru Li ◽  
Weishuang Xue ◽  
Liying Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Individuals without conventional cardiovascular risks (CVRFs) still have the risk of adverse outcomes, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis is a known predictor of cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in CVRF-free population. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in rural northeast China in 2017-2018. CVRFs freedom was defined as untreated blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/L, untreated total cholesterol < 6.22 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 4.14 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≥ 1.04 mmol/L, and no current smoking. This subgroup population included 1449 individuals, and ultrasound was used to detect carotid atherosclerosis. Results: The mean carotid intima-media thickness is 0.74 ± 0.14 mm. The prevalence of carotid plaque is 23.4% (95%CI: 21.2%-25.6%) among CVRFs-free population, significantly higher in men than in women (37.1% vs 20.0%, p<0.001), and rises steeply with advancing age. 1.31% have moderate-to-severe carotid stenosis. Advancing age, man, glycosylated hemoglobin (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.20-1.32), HDL-C level (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.75-3.04), and pulse pressure (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) are potentially related to presence of carotid atherosclerosis. Adjusted-dose-response association shows a linear relationship between HDL-C and prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusions: The prevalence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in CVRF-free population was relatively high, indicating poorly defined factors might contribute to the early atherogenesis. Moreover, we observed a paradoxical response between subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and HDL-C levels, suggesting that treatment targeting to increase HDL-C levels might not reduce future cardiovascular risks.

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

scholarly journals Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein (sHDL) Inhibits Steroid Production in HAC15 Adrenal Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 3122-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Taylor ◽  
Aalok R. Sanjanwala ◽  
Emily E. Morin ◽  
Elizabeth Rowland-Fisher ◽  
Kyle Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Coenzyme A Reductase

High density lipoprotein (HDL) transported cholesterol represents one of the sources of substrate for adrenal steroid production. Synthetic HDL (sHDL) particles represent a new therapeutic option to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden by increasing cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells. The effects of the sHDL particles on steroidogenic cells have not been explored. sHDL, specifically ETC-642, was studied in HAC15 adrenocortical cells. Cells were treated with sHDL, forskolin, 22R-hydroxycholesterol, or pregnenolone. Experiments included time and concentration response curves, followed by steroid assay. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to study mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, lanosterol 14-α-methylase, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, and steroid acute regulatory protein. Cholesterol assay was performed using cell culture media and cell lipid extracts from a dose response experiment. sHDL significantly inhibited production of cortisol. Inhibition occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and in a concentration range of 3μM–50μM. Forskolin (10μM) stimulated cortisol production was also inhibited. Incubation with 22R-hydroxycholesterol (10μM) and pregnenolone (10μM) increased cortisol production, which was unaffected by sHDL treatment. sHDL increased transcript levels for the rate-limiting cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Extracellular cholesterol assayed in culture media showed a positive correlation with increasing concentration of sHDL, whereas intracellular cholesterol decreased after treatment with sHDL. The current study suggests that sHDL inhibits HAC15 adrenal cell steroid production by efflux of cholesterol, leading to an overall decrease in steroid production and an adaptive rise in adrenal cholesterol biosynthesis.

Assessment of the carotid artery intima-media complex through ultrasonography and the relationship with Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thacira D. A. Ramos ◽  
Tatianne M. E. Dantas ◽  
Mônica O. S. Simões ◽  
Danielle F. Carvalho ◽  
Carla C. M. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Z Score ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of carotid thickening and its relationship with the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study involving 512 brazilian adolescents. Variables such as sex, body mass index, concentrations of non-high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels that make up the score, and carotid thickening through the intima-media complex measured by ultrasound were evaluated. We adopted two cut-off points to evaluate carotid thickening, being considered altered for those higher or equal to the z-score 2+ and ⩾75th percentile. The association was assessed using the χ2 test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsHigh cardiovascular risk was present in 10.2% of the adolescents; carotid thickness was present in 4.3% determined by the z-score 2+ and in 25.0% determined by the 75th percentile. When measured by the z-score, carotid thickening was associated with high systolic blood pressure (p=0.024), high-non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.039), and high cardiovascular risk assessed by the score and by the 75th percentile, with body mass index >30 (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, high cardiovascular risk was found to be independently associated with the presence of carotid thickness evaluated by the z-score, with risk four times greater (p=0.010) of presenting with this condition compared with individuals with low risk, and this fact was not observed when factors were analysed alone.ConclusionThe presence of high cardiovascular risk in adolescents assessed by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score was associated with marked thickening of the carotid artery in healthy adolescents.

scholarly journals Association of Carotid Atherosclerosis With White Matter Hyperintensity in an Asymptomatic Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Li Hua Shao ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
Jun Xia
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Artery Plaque ◽  
Plaque Score

Objective: A limited number of scholars concentrated on the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (i.e., CAS-WMH relationship). The current research aimed to clarify the CAS-WMH relationship in Japanese population.Methods: All participants underwent MRI of head and ultrasonography of the carotid artery. WMH was diagnosed from MRI results. The carotid ultrasound findings, carotid artery plaque score (PS), and plaque number (PN) could be achieved to indicate the severity of CAS. We also employed multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the CAS-WMH relationship. Interaction and stratified analyses were undertaken on the basis of a number of factors (e.g., gender, age, smoking status, drinking habit, and history of chronic diseases).Results: A total of 1,904 Japanese subjects were included, and the prevalence of WMH was 54.8% (1,044/1,904). It was unveiled that frequency of CAS was greater in cases with WMH. In a fully adjusted model, high PS was associated with the frequency of WMH, followed by high PN. Further analyses revealed a dose-response relationship between PS and incidence of WMH.Conclusion: PS and PN exhibited the greatest influences on determining the frequency of WMH, highlighting the potentially important pathophysiological role of large artery atherosclerosis in intensifying WMH.

scholarly journals Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Years Before Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women With and Without Preterm Birth and Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Retnakaran ◽  
Baiju R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Over Time

Background Women with either preterm or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) delivery have an elevated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease that has been attributed to the accrual of vascular risk factors over time. We sought to determine whether an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile develops in the years before pregnancies complicated by preterm delivery or SGA. Methods and Results Using administrative databases, we identified all 156 278 nulliparous women in Ontario, Canada, who had singleton pregnancies between January 2011 and December 2018 and ≥2 measurements of the following analytes between January 2008 and the start of pregnancy: glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose, lipids, and alanine aminotransferase. There were 11 078 women with preterm delivery and 19 367 with SGA. The 2 most recent pregravid tests were performed at median 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.3–1.4) and 1.9 (interquartile range, 1.1–3.3) years before pregnancy, respectively. Women with preterm delivery had higher pregravid glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, than those without preterm delivery. In contrast, women with SGA had lower pregravid fasting glucose, random glucose, and triglycerides than those without SGA. In the years before pregnancy, women with preterm delivery had higher annual increases than their peers in glycosylated hemoglobin (0.7‐times higher), triglycerides (7.9‐times higher), and alanine aminotransferase (2.2‐times higher). During this time, fasting glucose increased in women who developed preterm delivery but decreased in their peers. Conclusions An adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile evolves over time in the years before pregnancy complicated by preterm delivery, but does not necessarily precede SGA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document