scholarly journals Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles-derived miRNAs Restrict Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infectivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ying Xie ◽  
Lianjie Hou ◽  
Chang-Xu Song ◽  
Jia-Jie Sun ◽  
Qian-Yun Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Porcine Milk

Abstract BackgroundVirus-caused diseases are a huge challenge to both animals and human beings, especially coronaviruses. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus, causes acute diarrhea and up to 100% mortality in piglets less than three weeks of age. Maternal immunity provides protection for piglets in resisting PEDV infection. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) contain bioactive molecules such as miRNAs to exchange genetic and epigenetic information between cells. Our previous study suggested that milk sEV facilitated intestinal tract development and prevented LPS-induced intestine damage. However, the effects of milk sEV on the inhibition of viral infections remain unclear. ResultsIn this study, through in vivo experiments, we found that porcine milk sEV protected piglets from PEDV-induced diarrhea and death. In vitro, we clarified that this protective effect was partly generated through the inhibition of the PEDV-N protein and HMGB1 by sEV miR-let-7e and miR-27b, respectively. ConclusionsIn conclusion, we report that porcine milk sEVs protected piglets from PEDV-induced diarrhea and death by inhibiting virus replication, and this protective effect was partly generated through the inhibition of the PEDV-N and HMGB1 pathways by exosomal miR-let-7e and miR-27b. This study reveals a new antiviral function of milk sEVs, and the results suggest that milk sEVs may act as a mother-offspring transmission pathway for protecting newborns against PEDV infection.

scholarly journals Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA–mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Bingzhou Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractThe variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA–mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA–mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.

scholarly journals Short communication: antiviral activity of porcine IFN-λ3 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Virus Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Pengju Guo ◽  
Zhicheng Liu ◽  
Minhua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) ORF3 Enhances Viral Proliferation by Inhibiting Apoptosis of Infected Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusheng Si ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Bingqing Chen ◽  
Ruiyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Orf3 Gene ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Orf3 Protein ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

The genomes of coronaviruses carry accessory genes known to be associated with viral virulence. The single accessory gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), ORF3, is dispensable for virus replication in vitro, while viral mutants carrying ORF3 truncations exhibit an attenuated phenotype of which the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ORF3 deletion on the proliferation of PEDV in Vero cells. To this end, four recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDVs) were rescued using targeted RNA recombination, three carrying the full-length ORF3 gene from different PEDV strains, and one from which the ORF3 gene had been deleted entirely. Our results showed that PEDVs with intact or naturally truncated ORF3 replicated to significantly higher titers than PEDV without an ORF3. Further characterization revealed that the extent of apoptosis induced by PEDV infection was significantly lower with the viruses carrying an intact or C-terminally truncated ORF3 than with the virus lacking ORF3, indicating that the ORF3 protein as well as its truncated form interfered with the apoptosis process. Collectively, we conclude that PEDV ORF3 protein promotes virus proliferation by inhibiting cell apoptosis caused by virus infection. Our findings provide important insight into the role of ORF3 protein in the pathogenicity of PEDV.

scholarly journals Effective inhibition of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by RNA interference in vitro

Virus Genes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Pengju Guo ◽  
Zhicheng Liu ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Porcine Intestinal Enteroids: a New Model for Studying Enteric Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection and the Host Innate Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Fang Fu ◽  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Hongfeng Wang ◽  
Xijun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Response ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Ifn Lambda

ABSTRACTPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the group of alphacoronaviruses, is the pathogen of a highly contagious gastrointestinal swine disease. The elucidation of the events associated with the intestinal epithelial response to PEDV infection has been limited by the absence of goodin vitroporcine intestinal models that recapitulate the multicellular complexity of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we generated swine enteroids from the intestinal crypt stem cells of the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum and found that the generated enteroids are able to satisfactorily recapitulate the complicated intestinal epitheliumin vivoand are susceptible to infection by PEDV. PEDV infected multiple types of cells, including enterocytes, stem cells, and goblet cells, and exhibited segmental infection discrepancies compared with ileal enteroids and colonoids, and this finding was verifiedin vivo. Moreover, the clinical isolate PEDV-JMS propagated better in ileal enteroids than the cell-adapted isolate PEDV-CV777, and PEDV infection suppressed interferon (IFN) production early during the infection course. IFN lambda elicited a potent antiviral response and inhibited PEDV in enteroids more efficiently than IFN alpha (IFN-α). Therefore, swine enteroids provide a novelin vitromodel for exploring the pathogenesis of PEDV and for thein vitrostudy of the interplay between a host and a variety of swine enteric viruses.IMPORTANCEPEDV is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that causes significant economic losses, and the lack of a goodin vitromodel system is a major roadblock to an in-depth understanding of PEDV pathogenesis. Here, we generated a porcine intestinal enteroid model for PEDV infection. Utilizing porcine intestinal enteroids, we demonstrated that PEDV infects multiple lineages of the intestinal epithelium and preferably infects ileal enteroids over colonoids and that enteroids prefer to respond to IFN lambda 1 over IFN-α. These events recapitulate the events that occurin vivo. This study constitutes the first use of a primary intestinal enteroid model to investigate the susceptibility of porcine enteroids to PEDV and to determine the antiviral response following infection. Our study provides important insights into the events associated with PEDV infection of the porcine intestine and provides a valuablein vitromodel for studying not only PEDV but also other swine enteric viruses.

Characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in human embryonic kidney cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (8) ◽  
pp. 2415-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Longjun Guo ◽  
Yunfei Xu ◽  
Lijun Yang ◽  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: In Vivo and In Vitro Phenotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Lawrence ◽  
E. Bumgardner ◽  
R. F. Bey ◽  
D. Stine ◽  
R. E. Bumgarner
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Monolaurin Confers a Protective Effect Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in Piglets by Regulating the Interferon Pathway

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Dan Yi ◽  
Changzheng Ji ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Manli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interferon Pathway ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has reemerged as the main pathogen of piglets due to its high mutation feature. Monolaurin (ML) is a natural compound with a wide range of antibacterial and antiviral activities. However, the role of ML in PEDV infection is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ML on the growth performance, intestinal function, virus replication and cytokine response in piglets infected with PEDV, and to reveal the mechanism through proteomics analysis. Piglets were orally administrated with ML at a dose of 100 mg/kg·BW for 7 days before PEDV infection. Results showed that although there was no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets, ML administration alleviated the diarrhea caused by PEDV infection. ML administration promoted the recovery of intestinal villi, thereby improving intestinal function. Meanwhile, PEDV replication was significantly inhibited, and PEDV-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased with ML administration. Proteomics analyses showed that 38 proteins were differentially expressed between PEDV and ML+PEDV groups and were significantly enriched in the interferon-related pathways. This suggests ML could promote the restoration of homeostasis by regulating the interferon pathway. Overall, the present study demonstrated ML could confer a protective effect against PEDV infection in piglets and may be developed as a drug or feed additive to prevent and control PEDV disease.

scholarly journals Successive Passage In Vitro Led to Lower Virulence and Higher Titer of A Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Zhao ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Rongzhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

A highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) appeared in China and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, we isolated a PEDV using Vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. PEDV SDSX16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. The viral titers increased to 107.6 TCID50/mL (100th) by serial passages. The spike (S) gene and the whole gene of the SDSX16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic stability and relatedness to previously identified PEDV. Along with successive passage in vitro, there were 18 nucleotides (nt) deletion occurred in the spike (S) gene resulting in a deletion of six amino acids when the SDSX16 strain was passaged to the 64th generation, and this deletion was stable until the P100. However, the ORF1a/b, M, N, E, and ORF3 genes had only a few point mutations in amino acids and no deletions. According to growth kinetics experiments, the SDSX16 deletion strain significantly enhanced its replication in Vero cells since it was passaged to the 64th generation. The animal studies showed that PEDV SDSX16-P10 caused more severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis than SDSX16-P75, indicating that SDSX16-P10 is enteropathogenic in the natural host, and the pathogenicity of SDSX16 decreased with successive passage in vitro. However, SDSX16-P10 was found to cause lower levels of cytokine expression than SDSX16-P75 using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, such as IL1β, IL6, IFN-β, TNF-α, indicating that SDSX16-P10 might inhibit the expression of cytokines. Our data indicated that successive passage in vitro resulted in virulent attenuation in vivo of the PEDV variant strain SDSX16.

scholarly journals Tomatidine inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting 3CL protease

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Juan Bai ◽  
Xuewei Liu ◽  
Mi Wang ◽  
Xianwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
3Cl Protease

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes lethal diarrhea in suckling piglets, leading to severe economic losses worldwide. There is an urgent need to find new therapeutic methods to prevent and control PEDV. Not only is there a shortage of commercial anti-PEDV drugs, but available commercial vaccines fail to protect against highly virulent PEDV variants. We screened an FDA-approved library of 911 natural products and found that tomatidine, a steroidal alkaloid extracted from the skin and leaves of tomatoes, demonstrates significant inhibition of PEDV replication in Vero and IPEC-J2 cells in vitro. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis predicted interactions between tomatidine and the active pocket of PEDV 3CL protease, which were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The inhibiting effect of tomatidine on 3CL protease was determined using cleavage visualization and FRET assay. Tomatidine-mediated blocking of 3CL protease activity in PEDV-infected cells was examined by western blot detection of the viral polyprotein in PEDV-infected cells. It indicates that tomatidine inhibits PEDV replication mainly by targeting 3CL protease. In addition, tomatidine also has antiviral activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), encephalo myocarditis virus (EMCV) and seneca virus A (SVA) in vitro. These results may be helpful in developing a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV and other swine disease infections.

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