scholarly journals Responses of Functional Genes Involved In Nitrogen Cycling To Green Manuring In Different Paddy Soils In South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Li ◽  
Hai Liang ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Green Manuring

Abstract Aims We studied the effects of green manuring on the nitrogen (N) cycling process in different paddy soils.Methods Field experiments conducted in Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan and Fujian provinces in south China to investigate the responses of rice yield, soil properties, and functional genes involved in N cycling to green manuring. The field experiments had four treatments, i.e., no fertilizer application (NF), using milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as green manure without chemical fertilizer (GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer (CF), and a combination of green manure and chemical fertilizer (GMCF). Results The results showed that rice yield significantly increased in GMCF treatment. The copies of nifH gene significantly increased in GMCF in Jiangxi and Henan provinces. Ammonia oxidizing archaeal (AOA) amoA gene was predominant in all provinces compared with ammonia oxidizing bacterial (AOB). Compared with CF treatment, The copies of AOB-amoA gene were reduced in GMCF, indicating the inhibition of soil nitrification. The nirK gene was negatively correlated with SOM, TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N and AP, indicating that the positive effects of green manure on soil nutrients caused the inhibition of denitrification process. The nirK gene was the most critical factor influencing rice yield among the tested functional genes, with a relative influence of 63.5%. In comparison SOM was the most important factor (with a relative influence of 41.0%) among soil chemical properties. Conclusions In conclusion, the application of green manures changed the abundance of functional genes involved in the N cycling, and combined application with chemical fertilizer inhibited soil nitrification and denitrification.

Bacterial communities in paddy soils changed by milk vetch as green manure: A study conducted across six provinces in South China

Pedosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Songjuan GAO ◽  
Weidong CAO ◽  
Guopeng ZHOU ◽  
Robert M. REES
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Paddy Soils

Organic manures for increased rice productivity and sustained supply of Fe to rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. Prasad ◽  
B. Gangaiah
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Field experiments were carried out for 3 years to assess the efficacy of organic manures (Sesbania, Leucaena, cowpea, mungbean, wheat straw and FYM) in enhancing the productivity of rice and in supplying Fe. Green manuring with Sesbania gave the highest rice yield, whereas the lowest yield was recorded with wheat straw incorporation. The concentration and uptake of Fe by rice was significantly higher with organic manures. The Fe status of the soil after 3 crops of rice declined from the initial value, but the decline was least with FYM, followed by green manures. The application of organic manures is a good source for a sustained supply of Fe in soil.

Responses of Sugar Cane to Sunn Green Manuring in India

1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Matter Effect

SummaryThe results are reported of three field experiments conducted from 1955 to 1963 to investigate the effects of sunn green manuring in the sugar cane rotation. In a three-year rotation with sugar cane and wheat, green manuring twice was not superior to green manuring once, either in terms of sugar cane yield or the nitrogen and organic carbon status of the soil. Two experiments showed that the yield increase of cane was proportional to the weight of the green manure crop, irrespective of how the latter was disposed of, suggesting that the only factor with which yield increase was correlated was the weight of roots of sunn which were incorporated into the soil. The green manure effect is resolved into two components namely ‘green matter effect’ and ‘legume effect’, both of which are additive and nearly equal.

Effect of reduced phosphorus fertilizer on early/late season rice yield in South China

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu LI ◽  
Xiao-Juan YANG ◽  
Xiang-Ru TANG ◽  
Guo-Xi LI ◽  
Guo-Wei PENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Early Late

EFFECT OF WHEAT, LEGUME AND LEGUME-ENRICHED WHEAT RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Green Manuring

Field experiments were conducted for two crop years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of enriching wheat residue with legume residue on the productivity and nitrogen uptake of a rice-wheat cropping system and soil fertility. The incorporation of wheat residue had an adverse effect on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system. When it was incorporated along with Sesbania green manure, not only did its adverse effect disappear but the response to fertilizer N was also increased. There was no response to fertilizer N when Sesbania green manure was incorporated. When wheat residue was incorporated along with Sesbania green manuring, rice responded significantly to fertilizer N up to 120 kg N ha-1 in the first year and to 60 kgN ha-1 in the second year and at these levels of N, Sesbania + wheat residue gave 0.8 to 1.2 t ha-1 more grain, 0.6-1.0 t ha-1 more straw and 8-15 kg ha-1 more N uptake of rice resulting in 0.04-0.17% more organic C, 3-8 kg ha-1 more available P and 17-25 kg ha-1 more available K content in the soil than wheat residue alone at the same rates of N application. The respective increaseas caused by Sesbania green manure + wheat residue over Sesbania green manure alone were 0.3-0.5 t ha-1 in the grain and straw yield, 1-9 kg ha-1 in the N uptake of rice, 0.02-0.10% in organic C, 1-8 kg ha-1 in available P and 35- 70 kg ha-1 in available K content in the soil. These treatments also gave higher residual effects in succeeding wheat than wheat residue alone. The incorporation of residues of both wheat and Sesbania is thus recommended to eliminate the adverse effect of wheat residue and to increase the beneficial effects of Sesbania green manuring.

scholarly journals Soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea in a paddy field with different irrigation and fertilization managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Wang ◽  
Dongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Traditional Irrigation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

AbstractBecause ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous and highly abundant in almost all terrestrial soils, they play an important role in soil nitrification. However, the changes in the structure and function of AOA communities and their edaphic drivers in paddy soils under different fertilization and irrigation regimes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated AOA abundance, diversity and activity in acid paddy soils by a field experiment. Results indicated that the highest potential ammonia oxidation (PAO) (0.011 μg NO 2 -  –N g-1 d.w.day-1) was found in T2 (optimal irrigation and fertilization)—treated soils, whereas the lowest PAO (0.004 μg NO 2 -  –N g-1 d.w.day-1) in T0 (traditional irrigation)- treated soils. Compared with the T0—treated soil, the T2 treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased AOA abundances. Furthermore, the abundance of AOA was significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and PAO. Meanwhile, pH and SOC content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the T2—treated soil than those in the T1 (traditional irrigation and fertilization)- treated soil. In addition, these two edaphic factors further influenced the AOA community composition. The AOA phylum Crenarchaeota was mainly found in the T2—treated soils. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the identified OTUs of AOA were mainly affiliated with Crenarchaeota. Furthermore, the T2 treatment had higher rice yield than the T0 and T1 treatments. Together, our findings confirm that T2 might ameliorate soil chemical properties, regulate the AOA community structure, increase the AOA abundance, enhance PAO and consequently maintain rice yields in the present study.

scholarly journals Microbial Functional Gene Diversity with a Shift of Subsurface Redox Conditions duringIn SituUranium Reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2966-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Liang ◽  
Joy D. Van Nostrand ◽  
Lucie A. N′Guessan ◽  
Aaron D. Peacock ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Functional Gene

ABSTRACTTo better understand the microbial functional diversity changes with subsurface redox conditions duringin situuranium bioremediation, key functional genes were studied with GeoChip, a comprehensive functional gene microarray, in field experiments at a uranium mill tailings remedial action (UMTRA) site (Rifle, CO). The results indicated that functional microbial communities altered with a shift in the dominant metabolic process, as documented by hierarchical cluster and ordination analyses of all detected functional genes. The abundance ofdsrABgenes (dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes) and methane generation-relatedmcrgenes (methyl coenzyme M reductase coding genes) increased when redox conditions shifted from Fe-reducing to sulfate-reducing conditions. The cytochrome genes detected were primarily fromGeobactersp. and decreased with lower subsurface redox conditions. Statistical analysis of environmental parameters and functional genes indicated that acetate, U(VI), and redox potential (Eh) were the most significant geochemical variables linked to microbial functional gene structures, and changes in microbial functional diversity were strongly related to the dominant terminal electron-accepting process following acetate addition. The study indicates that the microbial functional genes clearly reflect thein situredox conditions and the dominant microbial processes, which in turn influence uranium bioreduction. Microbial functional genes thus could be very useful for tracking microbial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document