scholarly journals Social network-based ethical analysis of COVID-19 vaccine supply policy in three Central Asian countries              

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Aripov ◽  
Daniel Wikler ◽  
Damin Asadov ◽  
Zhangir Tulekov ◽  
Totugul Murzabekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Abstract Abstract Background In the pandemic time, many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing restricted access to COVID-19 vaccines. An access to imported vaccines or ways to produce them locally becomes the principal source of hope. But developing a strategy for success in obtaining and allocating vaccines is not easy task. The governments in those countries have faced difficult decision whether to accept or reject offers of vaccine diplomacy, weighing price and availability of COVID-19 vaccines against concerns over their efficacy and safety. Our aim was to analyze public opinion regarding the governmental strategies to obtain COVID-19 vaccines in three Central Asian countries, focusing particularly on possible ethical issues. Methods We searched opinions expressed either in Russian or in the respective national languages. We provided data of the debate within three countries, drawn from social media postings and other sources. The opinion data was not restricted by source and time. This allowed to collect a wide range of possible opinions that could be expressed regarding COVID-19 vaccine supply and public’s participation in vaccine trials. We recognized ethical issues and possible questions concerning different ethical frameworks. We also considered additional information or scientific data, in the process of reasoning. Results As a result, public views on their respective government policies on COVID-19 vaccine supply ranged from strongly negative to slightly positive. We extracted most important issues from public debates, for our analysis. The first issue involved trade-offs between quantity, speed, price, freedom, efficacy and safety in the vaccines. The second set of issues arouse in connection with the request to site a randomized trial in one of countries (Uzbekistan). After considering additional evidences, we weighed individual with public risks and benefits to make specific judgements concerning every issue. Conclusions We believe that our analysis would be a helpful example of solving ethical issues that can rise concerning COVID-19 vaccine supply round the world. The public view can be highly critical, helping to spot such issues. An ignoring this view can lead to major problems, which in turn, can become a serious obstacle for the vaccine coverage and epidemics’ control in the countries and regions.

scholarly journals Development of Transboundary Trade and Economic Relations in Central Asia: Challenges and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Vokhidova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Transboundary Trade

This article will cover a wide range of key issues in the economies of the Central Asian countries, the extent of their development and opportunities for trade and economic relations.The aim of the study is to analyze trends and opportunities for improving trade and economic relations between the countries of Central Asia.The objectives of the study are:- to analyze the volume and tendency of GDP of Central Asian countries for 2000-2018;- analysis of the GDP per capita in the countries of Central Asia;- Comparative analysis of export and import volume, structure of export and import of Central Asian countries;- to study the relations of Central Asian countries with international organizations and to find mutual interests;- Identification of political, economic and social problems that impede the development of trade and economic relations in Central Asian countries.The results are as follows:- the main focus of improving trade and economic relations between the countries of Central Asia on the border of two or more countries is the Free Economic Zone;- Diversification of the economies of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in relation to other countries in the region can be a key factor in the development of trade and economic relations;- Expanding the role of regional organizations and integration in improving trade and economic relations between Central Asian countries.- The practical result of the establishment of transboundary free economic zones in Central Asia.

scholarly journals Language Policies of the Central Asian States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbek Bekmyrzaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Russian Language

This work outlines the formation of state languages in the Central Asian countries, analyzes their functioning alongside the Russian language, draws conclusions and forecasts for the future, and provides recommendations for improving language policies. The publication is intended for young experts and consultants, researchers, decision-makers, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the policies of the Central Asian countries.

scholarly journals Problems of Regionalization in Post-Soviet Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
D. B. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Different interpretations of the concept of “Central Asia” (CA) as well as mutual definitions of its geographical borders indicate the incompleteness in the process of forming Central Asia as a region. Regionalization as an effective form of upholding and promoting by Central Asian countries their national interests is distinguished in Central Asia by a multilevel characterization. It includes the desire of the republics to promote their national interests as sovereign states, then to develop their trade, economic and political interaction within the framework of integration processes, and to join various integration initiatives and supranational projects with a wide range of non‑regional participants. Central Asian states’ attempts to develop intra‑regional cooperation in the period from 1994 to 2005 ended in failure. Since 2017, the idea of a “new integration” has been gaining popularity in Central Asia, and it is considered to be a part of the construction within the framework of the Union of Central Asian States which is planned for creation. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan claim for the role of “region‑forming” countries and two cores around which the development of hypothetical regional integration is possible. At the same time, the foreign policy of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, their approaches to security problems have a kind of differences, while their regional neighbors are also differ from each other in their approaches to some economic and social issues; the resource base of Central Asian states is incomparable either. Therefore, there are many factors that hinder a regionalization as well as an integration. Among them are the centripetal aspirations of the Central Asian countries/ They prefer, instead of neighbors in the region, external partners and markets, international financial institutions and donor structures. There are objective obstacles that impede regionalization, including the fact that the five republics of the region reluctant to share the sovereignty acquired after the collapse of the USSR in favor of supranational structures, whether they operate on the scale of the post‑Soviet space or they are planned to be created within the region.

scholarly journals Chinas Trade and Economic Cooperation with the Central Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Yakov Sukhodolov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Asian Countries

In this article, the specific features of modern trade and economic relations between China and Central Asian Countries are addressed. Central Asia is of interest to China because of its geopolitical position, significant reserves of various natural resources and a promising market for Chinese goods. China is one of the key partners of this region in a wide range of areas. Cooperation between China and Central Asian Countries has a positive development dynamics. The main areas of cooperation are the production, processing and transportation of oil and gas to China. Prospects for the development of trade and economic cooperation between China and Central Asian countries are related to the implementation of the projects under China’s initiative «One Belt, One Road».

Tajik Migrant Religious Poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Tokhir S. Kalandarov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Political Songs

Today there are hundreds of papers published on the problem of labor migration from Central Asian countries, its political, social and economic aspects, as well as on the problem of integration and adaptation of migrants in the Russian society. However, the topic of migrant poetry is still poorly studied in Russia. At least there is no such research on Tajik labor migrants. The genres of Tajik migrant poetry vary significantly and include such forms as love poems, political songs, songs about migration hardships, religious poems. This paper is based on the results of monitoring social networks «Odnoklassniki», «Facebook», as well as on the results of personal communication and interviews with poets. In the paper we use the poems of three authors written in Tajik, Russian and Shugnani languages. The semantic translation from Tajik and Shugnani was done by the author of this paper

New European Union strategy for Central Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Central Asian Countries

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

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