scholarly journals Soil Biological Community and Chemical Characteristics of Evergreen and Deciduous Shrub Islands in an Alpine Shrub Meadow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyu Sha ◽  
Huiqin Jin ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Chengming You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Shrub Expansion ◽  
Alpine Shrub ◽  
Deciduous Shrub ◽  
Shrub Island

Abstract Aim Global change is driving shrub expansion in alpine and Arctic tundra, increasing the size and number of shrub islands. This phenomenon can directly affect the vegetation microclimate and indirectly affect biogeochemical cycling. However, it is unclear how shrub island formation, with a shift in dominant vegetation from graminoids to deciduous or evergreen shrub islands, affects the alpine biochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and decomposer diversity and activity. Methods Two dominant shrub species in the alpine shrub meadow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were selected. Rhododendron lapponicum (RL) represents evergreen shrubs, and Sorbus rufopilosa (SR) represents deciduous shrubs. Soil fauna community diversity, soil microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometry of the organic soil layer (OL) and mineral soil layer (ML) were determined. Results Presence of shrub islands significantly affected nutrient cycling and microbial processes. Compared with the SR shrub island, the RL shrub island featured lower soil total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon; lower total microbial phospholipid fatty acid, Gram-negative bacteria and total bacteria contents; and higher enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. The OL response was greater than the ML response, especially in terms of enzyme activities. Conclusion Evergreen and deciduous shrub islands in an alpine shrub meadow had differences in soil biological communities and nutrient cycling, we suspect the OL was more sensitive than the ML to the shrub expansion in the alpine tundra.

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure application in a long-term field trial

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lalande ◽  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
D. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Hog Manure

Liquid hog manure (LHM) addition to soils in corn silage (Zea mays L.) production may benefit microbial activity by providing C and other nutrients. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a LHM application to that of inorganic fertilizers (IF) on the biological activity of a Le Bras silt loam soil (Humic Gleysol) under continuous corn production and LHM fertilization. Amounts of 0 to 120 m3 LHM ha−1 and 150 N–150 P2O5–150 K2O kg ha−1 were applied to silage corn. The 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm soil layers were sampled 28 d after the 18th yearly LHM application. The LHM inputs, particularly at 90 m3 ha−1, resulted in higher enzyme activities and microbial biomass C (MBC) than IF or the unamended control in the 0- to 15-cm soil layer. The 90 m3 LHM ha−1 also gave higher microbial biomass N (MBN) than IF in this soil layer. Application of LHM had no effect on the activities of the enzymes studied or on the MBC and MBN contents in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Ammonifier population was highest with 60 m3 LHM ha−1 in both soil layers. Nitrifier population was not affected by LHM in the top soil layer, but was linearly increased by LHM rates in the 15- to 30-cm layer. This study showed that LHM addition may enhance enzyme activities, microbial biomass and the N mineralizer population in the plow layer of a soil in a corn silage monoculture. Key words: Corn, pig slurry, microbial biomass, monoculture, soil enzyme

scholarly journals Comparison of Physical, Chemical and Biological Soil Properties under Norway Spruce, European Beech and Sessile Oak – a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Bálint Heil ◽  
Dávid Heilig ◽  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the interaction of tree species and soil development in litter and the 0-10 cm mineral topsoil layer in European beech, Norway spruce, and sessile oak forests. It also compared the main soil chemical, physical, and selected microbiological indicators as well as the microbial biomass, basal and substrate induced respiration, lipid phosphate content, phospholipid fatty acid profiles (PLFA), and respiratory quinones (RQ). With Norway spruce, soil pH, clay, and silt content were significantly lower, while exchangeable acidity was higher. This leads to a major loss of exchangeable cations of the upper soil layer resulting in lower base saturation. The microbial metabolic activity and microbial biomass of deciduous forest soils were significantly higher. The respiratory quotient (q) was highest in spruce, indicating disadvantageous circumstances for microbial activity. Our results demonstrate the importance of a complex study of physicochemical and biological soil parameters when investigating the impact of forest management on soil by, for example, providing data for the development of forest condition monitoring activities.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Agricultural Farming Practices on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities of Celery Growing Field Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12862
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Urease

Soil quality is directly affected by alterations in its microbiological, biological, biochemical, physical, and chemical aspects. The microbiological activities of soil can affect soil fertility and plant growth because it can speed up the cycling of nutrients, enzymes, and hormones that are needed by plants for proper growth and development. The use of different agricultural management practices can influence microbial biomass and enzyme activities by altering soil microclimate, soil microorganism habitat, and nutrient cycling. Based on this, the present work planned to evaluate the impact of conventional, low-input, and organic farming systems in a vegetable field growing celery on microbial biomass and different soil enzyme activities. The present study showed a comparison of the effect of different practices on biological soil quality indicators during two sampling times, i.e., one month after colonization and one month before harvesting. It was observed that the soil microbial biomass in the organic farming system was significantly higher than that found in conventional and low-input practices. Under an organic farming system, the soil microbial biomass in December was significantly higher than that in October. The soil microbial biomass carbon in the 0–20 cm soil layer showed higher variation compared to that in the 20–40 cm layer for all the three of the farming management practices that were used in the study. Additionally, the soil total carbon and total organic carbon were recorded as being higher in the December samples than they were in the October samples. Under all the three of the management practices that were applied, the soil catalase activity was higher in the October samples than it was in the December soil samples that were collected the from 20–40 cm soil layer compared to those that were taken from the 0–20 cm layer. The application of organic fertilizer (chicken and cowmanure compost) resulted inincreases in the soil urease and in the protease activity. The protease activity of the soil samples that were extracted from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers in October was higher in the samples that were taken from farms using conventional practices than it was in the samples that were taken from farms using organic and low-input practices, while the samples that were collected during December from both of the soil layers showed higher protease activity when organic methods had been used. No significant variation in the soil urease activity was observed between the two soil layer samples. Urease activity was the highest when organic management practices were being used, followed by the low-input and the conventional modes. For the conventional and low-input practices, the soil urease activity showed an obvious trend of change that was related to thetime of sampling, i.e., activity in December was significantly higher than activity in October. The novelty of this study was to determine the microbial biomass carbon and enzymatic activity in a six-field crop rotation (tomato, cucumber, celery, fennel, cauliflower, and eggplant) using three management practices: low-input, conventional, and organic systems. The present study showed that the long-term application of organic fertilizers plays a large role in maintaining excellent microbial and enzyme activitythat result in improved soil quality.

Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Angers ◽  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
A. Légère ◽  
N. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Total Organic C

Crop rotations and tillage practices can modify not only the total amount of organic matter (OM) in soils but also its composition. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total organic C, microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by 4 yr of different rotation and tillage combinations on a Kamouraska clay in La Pocatière, Quebec. Two rotations (continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) versus a 2-yr barley–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation) and three tillage treatments (moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP) and no-tillage (NT)) were compared in a split-plot design. Total organic C was affected by the tillage treatments but not by the rotations. In the top soil layer (0–7.5 cm), NT and CP treatments had C contents 20% higher than the MP treatment. In the same soil layer, MBC averaged 300 mg C kg−1 in the MP treatment and up to 600 mg C kg−1 in the NT soil. Hot-water-extractable and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates were on average 40% greater under reduced tillage than under MP. Both carbohydrate fractions were also slightly larger in the rotation than in the soil under continuous barley. The ratios of MBC and carbohydrate C to total organic C suggested that there was a significant enrichment of the OM in labile forms as tillage intensity was reduced. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 50% higher under NT and 20% higher under CP treatments than under MP treatment and, on average, 15% larger in the rotation than in the continuous barley treatment. Overall, the management-induced differences were slightly greater in the top layer (0–7.5 cm) than in the lower layer of the Ap horizon (7.5–15 cm). All the properties measured were highly correlated with one another. They also showed significant temporal variations that were, in most cases, independent of the treatments. Four years of conservation tillage and, to a lesser extent, rotation with red clover resulted in greater OM in the top soil layer compared with the more intensive systems. This organic matter was enriched in labile forms. Key words: Soil management, soil quality, organic matter, carbohydrates, microbial biomass, phosphatase

Effects of Mercury on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Casucci ◽  
Benedict C. Okeke ◽  
William T. Frankenberger
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document