scholarly journals Diversity of Tree Species Used in Wood Carving and the Impact of Their Use on Forest Conservation in Benin.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Valentin Kindomihou ◽  
Brice Sinsin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southern Benin

Abstract This research aimed at assessing the diversity of timber species used in wood carving in southern Benin, impact of this activity on forest conservation, and carvers’ willingness to contribute to species conservation. A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the number of wood carvers in three districts of Southern Benin. Then, a semi-structured questionnaire served to collect data from twelve wood carvers. Twenty-two species were used in wood carving with most species having red or yellow wood. The purchase of wood in industrial markets was the predominant source followed by the direct purchase from plantation and tree owners. Diospyros mespiliformis, Chlorophora excelsa,Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea were species of which woods were most However, Gmelina arborea and Chlorophora excelsa exhibited the highest Use Value meaning their relative importance in terms of diversity of uses. All carvers reported the scarcity of woods and the destruction of forests and plantations for logging were the main cause; 25% of them own plantations of G. arborea and A. auriculiformis. Carvers indicated their willingness to have plantations of T. grandis and G. arborea for personal use and trade. Promoting reforestation and timber species plantation through sustainable tools is needed, and sensitizing them about forest conservation.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical research to assess the diversity of tree species used in wood carving in Southern Benin: Perspective for sustainable forest conservation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Valentin Kindomihou ◽  
Brice Sinsin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Contribute ◽  
Southern Benin

Abstract Background: This research aimed at assessing the diversity of timber species used in wood carving in southern Benin, identify various sources of woods as well as their ranking as most used. We also stated the relative importance of species of which woods were recorded as the most used. The scarcity or availability of species woods and their causes in recent years were assessed and carvers’ willingness to contribute to species conservation was documented. With a perspective of sustainable forest conservation, the impact of this activity on forests was assessed throughout the paper. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the number of wood carvers in three districts of Southern Benin. Then, a semi-structured questionnaire served to collect data from twelve wood carvers. Various percentage of carvers were calculated and we determine the Use Value of the most used species woods in order to assess their relative importance. Results: Twenty-two species were used in wood carving with most species having red or yellow wood. The purchase of wood in industrial markets was the predominant source followed by the direct purchase from plantation and tree owners. Diospyros mespiliformis, Chlorophora excelsa,Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea were species of which woods were most However, Gmelina arborea and Chlorophora excelsa exhibited the highest Use Value meaning their relative importance in terms of diversity of uses. All carvers reported the scarcity of woods and the destruction of forests and plantations for logging were the main cause; 25% of them own plantations of G. arborea and A. auriculiformis. Carvers indicated their willingness to have plantations of T. grandis and G. arborea for personal use and trade. Promoting reforestation and timber species plantation through sustainable tools is needed, and sensitizing them about forest conservation.Conclusions: A diversity of species are used in carving in Southern Benin, the most used species being D. mespiliformis, C. excelsa, T. grandis and G. arborea. Gmelina arborea and C. excelsa had the highest Use Value. Carvers indicated their willingness to contribute to species plantation and conservation. Wood carving impacts on forest fragmentation and there is a need to promote reforestation and plantation, and to provide carvers with tools for plantation management.

scholarly journals Determination of Strength Classes of Selected Nigerian Timbers in Accordance with EN338 (2009)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idayat O Sholadoye ◽  
Idris Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Permissible Stress ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Four Point Bending Test

Wood has several unique, independent properties. The physical and mechanical properties of wood do vary from species to species and even within species due to environmental conditions during growth. In Nigeria, timber is been grade based on permissible stress (NCP) an upgrade to the limit state is required. A laboratory test was carried out to develop the physical and mechanical properties (four-point bending test) of the timber species in accordance with EN 13153-1, ASTM D143 and EN 408. The strength classification of selected timber was performed according to EN 338 using characteristic value of the material properties in accordance with EN384 from the generated physical and mechanical properties, after being adjusted to 12% (Eurocodes reference moisture content). The timber species considered were Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea. The result showed Tectona grandis had a higher property than Gmelina arborea and the species were assigned to strength classes of D50 and D35 (hardwoods) respectively. The study shows that the selected timber species are suitable for structural purposes.Keywords: Strength classes, Nigerian timber, Four-point bending test, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea

Non-destructive estimation of fibre morphological parameters and chemical constituents of Tectona grandis L.f. wood by near infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 096703352199911
Author(s):  
SR Shukla ◽  
S Shashikala ◽  
M Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is developing as an advanced and non-invasive tool in the wood, wood products and forestry sectors. It may be applied as a rapid and cost effective technique for assessment of different wood quality parameters of timber species. In the present study, NIR spectra of heartwood samples of Tectona grandis (teak) were collected before measuring fibre morphological parameters (fibre length, fibre diameter and fibre lumen diameter)and main chemical constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and extractives) using maceration and wet chemistry methods respectively. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to develop the calibration models between measured values of wood parameters and NIR spectral data. Pre-processing of NIR spectra demonstrated better predictions based on higher values of correlation coefficient for estimation (R2), validation (Rcv 2 ), ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), and lower values of root mean square errors of estimation (RMSEE), cross-validation (RMSECV) and number of latent variable (rank). Internal cross-validation was used to find the optimum rank. Robust calibrations models with high R2 (>0.87), low errors and high RPD values (> 2.93) were observed from PLS analysis for fibre morphological parameters and main chemical constituents of teak. These linear models may be applied for rapid and cost effective estimation of different fibre parameters and chemical constituents in routine testing and evaluation procedures for teak.

scholarly journals CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE UNA PLANTACIÓN MIXTA DE ESPECIES TROPICALES EN VERACRUZ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
José Luis López Ayala ◽  
Vicente Sánchez Monsalvo ◽  
Edgar Hernández Máximo
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Gmelina Arborea

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo de una asociación de ocho especies forestales tropicales en sus primeros cinco años, bajo cuatro tratamientos: procedencia local sin fertilización, procedencia foránea sin fertilización, procedencia local con fertilización y procedencia foránea con fertilización y un primer aprovechamiento de Gmelina arborea al cuarto año. Se aplicó un modelo mixto para mediciones repetidas; se analizaron las variables: altura, diámetro normal y diámetro de copa, y se observó que, en general, la procedencia local con y sin fertilización registró los mayores valores promedio. La alta densidad favoreció el desarrollo de Tabebuia donnell-smithii y perjudicó el de las demás especies. El aclareo de Gmelina arborea permitió que se extendiera notablemente la copa de Tectona grandis y el diámetro normal de Tabebuia donnell-smithii, no así la altura en los otros taxa. Por último, las más sobresalientes fueron Gmelina arborea (altura = 6.75 m; diámetro normal = 0.08 m; diámetro de copa = 3.56 m) y Tabebuia donnell-smithii (altura = 4.26 – 4.65 m; diámetro normal = 0.04 – 0.05 m; diámetro de copa = 2.15 – 2.34 m); las mayores tasas de crecimiento se verificaron en altura y diámetro normal promedio en Gmelina arborea (4.23 m año-1 y de 0.044 m año-1) y Tabebuia donnell-smithii (1.47 m año-1 y de 0.017 m año-1).

scholarly journals Selección de Árboles Semilleros en Plantaciones Forestales de la Península de Santa Elena. Ecuador.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Valladolid Ontaneda ◽  
Ángel León Mejía ◽  
Daniel Paredes Flores
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Cordia Alliodora ◽  
Santa Elena ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

El estudio de selección de árboles semilleros se realizó en las comunas Olón, Dos Mangas y Salanguillo del cantón Santa Elena, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. El objetivo del estudio fue, identificar, caracterizar y seleccionar árboles semilleros de especies maderables con buenas características morfológicas, y que permitan disponer de semillas para trabajos de propagación de especies forestales en viveros con fines de reforestación. El estudio se inicia con la identificación y ubicación de plantaciones forestales de varias especies forestales establecidas entre los años 2000 a 2005, en las plantaciones se evaluaron las características dasométricas y morfológicas, las que permitieron seleccionar 11 árboles con características morfológicas deseables correspondientes a cinco especies forestales laurel blanco(Cordia alliodora), laurel negro(Cordia megalantha), caoba (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela odorata) y melina (Gmelina arbórea); cada árbol fue georreferenciado utilizando coordenadas UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zona 17M. La cantidad de semillas que pueden producir dichas especies forestales es proyectada por año la cual servirá como referencia para establecer programas de reforestación con materiales propios y adaptados a las condiciones ambientales en la provincia de Santa Elena Abstract  The study of selection of seed trees was carried out in the Olón, Dos Mangas and Salanguillo communes of the canton Santa Elena, Santa Elena province, Ecuador. The objective of the study was to identify, characterize and select seedlings of timber species with good morphological characteristics, and to allow seeds to be used for the propagation of forest species in nurseries for reforestation purposes. The study began with the identification and location of forest plantations of several forest species established between 2000 and 2005, on the plantations, the dasometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated, allowing the selection of 11 trees with desirable morphological characteristics corresponding to five forest species White laurel (Cordia alliodora), black laurel (Cordia megalantha), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), cedar (Cedrela odorata) and melina (Gmelina arborea); Each tree was georeferenced using coordinates UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zone 17M. The number of seeds that can produce these forest species is projected per year which will serve as a reference to establish reforestation programs with their own materials and adapted to the environmental conditions in the province of Santa Elena.

scholarly journals Effects of logging on Virola surinamensis in an Amazonian floodplain forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Leandro V. Ferreira ◽  
Denise A. Cunha ◽  
Pia Parolin
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

Virola surinamensis is a dioecious timber species of Amazonian floodplain forests. It is threatened by extinction and a priority species in the conservation program of genetic resources with high economic value for Brazil. The present study was aimed to assess the population structure of Virola surinamensis and the impact of logging in the estuary region of Brazilian Amazonia. Our data suggest that altering the dioecious population structure by logging likely creates the imbalance of male and female individuals in the population. New policies are needed to protect Virola trees with a special regard on reproductive matriarch trees.

Influence of pesticides, soil temperature and moisture on entomopathogenic nematodes from southern Benin and control of underground termite nest populations

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Baimey ◽  
Lionel Zadji ◽  
Leonard Afouda ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Termite Nest ◽  
Southern Benin ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The influence of three pesticides on the viability and infectivity of four Beninese isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Heterorhabditis indica Ayogbe1, H. sonorensis Azohoue2, H. sonorensis Ze3, and Steinernema sp. Bembereke, was determined. The impact of both soil temperature and soil moisture on the virulence of these EPN to Trinervitermes occidentalis was investigated in laboratory assays. The effect of EPN-infected Galleria mellonella larvae on underground populations of Macrotermes bellicosus was also examined. All tested Heterorhabditis species were more tolerant to glyphosate and fipronil than the Steinernema species. Heterorhabditis sonorensis Azohoue2, showed the best results with 63.2% termite mortality at a soil temperature of 35°C. The increase of soil moisture to 20% (w/w) did not negatively influence the virulence of tested EPN. The underground populations of 71% or 60% treated nests were controlled by H. sonorensis Azohoue2- or H. indica Ayogbe1-infected G. mellonella larvae, respectively.

Diversité de la régénération des ligneux dans les plantations forestières au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Youssouf Koné ◽  
Bi Tra Aimé Vroh
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Régénération Naturelle ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Description du sujet. La Côte d’Ivoire a une longue histoire d'utilisation d’espèces exotiques dans les activités de reboisement. Sa stratégie de reboisement a été basée à plus de 70 % sur Tectona grandis L.f., Cedrela odorata L. et Gmelina arborea Roxb. Très peu d’études ont permis de juger ces activités de reboisement sur la base de leur capacité à maintenir une diversité floristique ligneuse issue de la végétation initiale. Objectifs. La présente étude a pour objectif d’analyser l’incidence des plantations forestières à base d’espèces exotiques sur la régénération naturelle des arbres et arbustes dans une des forêts de reboisement. Méthode. La méthodologie d’échantillonnage stratifiée a permis de réaliser des inventaires dans quatre types d’habitat : les monocultures de tecks jeunes et âgées, les plantations plurispécifiques et les reliques forestières. Les individus adultes, les jeunes arbres et jeunes plants ont été dénombrés et leurs diamètres à hauteur de poitrine ont été mesurés. Résultats. Les reliques de forêt sont plus riches et plus diversifiées que les espaces de reboisements aussi bien chez les individus adultes que les jeunes arbres. Pour les jeunes plants, la diversité est similaire entre les différents habitats. Dans les différents habitats, les espèces les plus abondantes et les plus importantes sont exotiques. L’une d’entre elles, Cedrela odorata, a une abondance relativement remarquable dans les reliques forestières. Conclusions. Les tendances constatées dans la recolonisation des surfaces reboisées suggèrent que les nouvelles plantations devraient utiliser, sur les mêmes parcelles, plusieurs espèces exotiques et/ou indigènes pour améliorer la diversité végétale.

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