scholarly journals Human Rhinoviruses Prevailed Among Children in the Setting of Wearing Face Masks in Shanghai, 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Jia ◽  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
Menghua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Abstract Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant etiological agent of the common cold in children and adults. A recent study showed that the inhibitory effect of face masks on viral shedding of HRV was less prominent than that on other respiratory viruses. Considering that most Chinese people have worn face masks in public area since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, we aimed to find out whether HRV prevailed among children in 2020 and demonstrate the details of the epidemiological features of HRV under such a special circumstance. Methods We summarized the incidences of various respiratory virus infections in patients who visited the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University during 2018~2020, and genotyped HRV positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected from 316 inpatients and 72 outpatients that visited the hospital in 2020. Results There was a major prevalence of HRV among children in the latter half of 2020, with a clear seasonality that HRV-As prevailed in summer while HRV-Cs in autumn. HRV-As were more prone to cause severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), while HRV-Cs were closely associated with childhood wheezing. The predominant genotypes were A11, A28, A47, A82, A101, C40 and C43. Notably, A21, A82 and A101 took up larger proportions in severe cases than in non-severe cases. Conclusions Our findings described a major prevalence of HRVs among children in 2020, which highlight the unique transmitting pattern of HRV and help to narrow the targets for antiviral strategies.

Principal Infectious Diseases of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
HEINZ F. EICHENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

When the reviewer began to peruse this volume, he was unable to put it down until he had completed reading it. The book is full of fascinating items of information, a few of which might be cited: "the common cold and minor respiratory illnesses are most likely caused by the group of bacteria found in upper and lower respiratory tract infections (usually the pneumonococcus, and streptococcus);" "(the etiology of primary atypical pneumonia) is obscure but it is believed that a specific respiratory virus will eventually be recovered;" "meningitis . . . is so serious a disease that one must recommend that most upper and lower respiratory infections be treated with sulfonamide and/or antibiotics;" "(sepsis neonatorum should be treated) with sulfadiazine or some other intravenous sulfonamide."

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Human Respiratory Viruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Jinan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqin Lu ◽  
Shifu Wang ◽  
Lehai Zhang ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Cuirong Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Etiologies

The viral etiologies of UTRIs and LTRIs in children in Jinan city were investigated between July 2009 and June 2010. Nasal and throat swabs were collected from 397 children with URTIs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected from 323 children with LRTIs. RT-PCR/PCR was used to examine all samples for IFV, PIV, RSV, RV, hMPV, HBoV, CoV, ADV, RSV, and EV. Viral pathogens were detected in 47.10% of URTI samples and 66.57% samples, and the incidence of viral coinfection was 5.29% and 21.05%, respectively. IFV was the most common virus in URTIs, with a detection rate of 19.40%, followed by PIV (10.83%), RV (10.58%), and EV (6.30%). For LRTIs, PIV and RV were both detected in 27% of samples, followed by RSV (9.91%), HBoV (8.36%), IFV (5.57%), and hMPV (5.57%). RSV and HBoV were more prevalent in the youngest children of no more than six months. Meanwhile, RV, PIV, and RSV were the most frequent viruses combined with bacterial pathogens in LRTIs. In conclusion, the spectrum of respiratory virus infections in URTIs and LRTIs differed in terms of the most common pathogens, seasonal distribution, and coinfection rate.

Activerende PI3Kδ-mutaties: klinische en biochemische presentatie van behandelbare primaire immuundeficiënties.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MEYTS ◽  
M. DE KEUKELAERE ◽  
C. BUCCIOL
Keyword(s):  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Immune Deficiencies ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Tract Infections

Activating PI3Kδ mutations: clinical and biochemical presentation of treatable primary immune deficiencies The field of primary immune deficiencies is expanding rapidly. Recently, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) CD and PI3KR1 genes have been reported to cause a clinical syndrome referred to as activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS). APDS is characterized by severe bacterial and viral infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections with bronchiectasis, severe herpes virus infections, lymphoproliferation and lymphoma formation, but the clinical phenotype can be highly variable. In this article 2 patients with APDS are presented with an emphasis on the clinical and immunological features that should alert a physician to the possibility of the diagnosis. It is important because targeted therapy can change the course of the disease.

Correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical paediatric population

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
pp. 1884-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. LOH ◽  
F. Y. L. LAI ◽  
E. S. TAN ◽  
K. C. THOON ◽  
N. W. S. TEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYWeekly (August 2003–December 2008) numbers of five common paediatric diseases and the incidence of respiratory viruses were obtained from a children's hospital in Singapore and correlated with climate data using multivariate time-series techniques. Upper respiratory tract infections were positively correlated with the incidences of influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses (types 1–3 combined). Lower respiratory tract infections were positively correlated with only the incidence of RSV. Both upper and lower respiratory tract infections were negatively correlated with relative humidity. Asthma admissions were negatively correlated with maximum temperature and positively correlated with the incidence of influenza B and increasing hours of sunshine. Although sporadic cases of adenovirus infection were identified, not enough cases were available for a more detailed analysis. Gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections, included as control diseases, were not correlated significantly with any climate parameters. These correlations are compatible with current understanding of respiratory virus survival under certain climate conditions and may assist the prediction of disease burdens and hospital resource planning in such tropical environments.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue: Molecular Epidemiology, Diagnostics and Management of Respiratory Virus Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Kimura ◽  
Yuriko Hayashi ◽  
Mitsuru Sada ◽  
Haruyuki Ishii ◽  
Takeshi Tsugawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
All Diseases

In Japan, there is a proverb that the common cold is associated with all diseases [...]

scholarly journals How to boost the immune defence prior to respiratory virus infections with the special focus on coronavirus infections

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Jawhara
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Abstract The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans (COVID-19), has become a global health concern. One of the most worrying features of COVID-19 is a phenomenon known as the “cytokine storm”, which is a rapid overreaction of the immune system. Additionally, coagulation abnormalities, thrombocytopenia and digestive symptoms, including anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea, are often observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Baker’s yeast β-glucan, a natural immunomodulatory component derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, primes the immune system to respond better to any microbial infection. Our previous studies have shown that oral administration of yeast β-glucans decreased the diarrhoea, modulated cytokine expression, and reduced the intestinal inflammation. Additionally, we showed that β-glucan fractions decreased coagulation in plasma and reduced the activation of platelets. During the period of home confinement facing individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, our immune defence could be weakened by different factors, including stress, anxiety and poor nutrition, while a healthy diet rich in vitamins C and D can reinforce the immune defence and reduce the risk of microbial infections. Additionally, β-glucan can be used to strengthen the immune defence in healthy individuals prior to any possible viral infections. This short review focuses on the role of baker’s yeast β-glucan, with a healthy diet rich in natural vitamins C and D, in addition to a healthy gut microbiota can provide synergistic immune system support, helping the body to naturally defend prior to respiratory virus infections, until stronger options such as vaccines are available.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Community Outbreaks ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SUMMARY Since the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2001, the virus has been identified worldwide. hMPV is a common respiratory pathogen, particularly in infants and young children. The virus is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and may be a trigger for asthma. At least two major genotypes of hMPV circulate during community outbreaks. Whether these genotypes represent distinct serotypes remains controversial. The major challenges faced by the medical and scientific communities are the understanding of the pathogenesis of hMPV disease and the development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against infection and disease caused by this newly recognized respiratory virus.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing activity in nasopharyngeal secretions

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott ◽  
P. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYNasopharyngeal secretions were taken during the acute phase of illness from 30 children admitted to hospital with lower respiratory tract infections. The presence of neutralizing activity in secretions taken at the onset of illness was demonstrated in 11 out of 15 patients (73%) with bronchiolitis caused by R.S. virus, as compared with 4 out of 9 patients (44%) with R.S. virus infections other than bronchiolitis, and 1 out of 6 without R.S. virus infection. Second secretions were taken 7 days later from 10 of the children with R.S. virus infection. Eight of these paired secretions showed an increase of neutralizing activity against R.S. virus. It is suggested that the neutralizing activity, found in secretions taken at the onset of illness, may be a result of previous infection with R.S. virus.

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