scholarly journals Effects of Field-Grown Transgenic Cry1Ah1 Poplar on the Rhizosphere Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wei ◽  
Ali Movahedi ◽  
Zhou Peijun ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Weibo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

Abstract Background: Poplar (Populus) is a genus of globally important plantation trees used widely in industrial and agricultural production. However, poplar is easily damaged by Micromelalopha troglodyta and Hyphantria cunea, resulting in a decline in poplar quality. Due to their strong insect resistance, Bt toxin-encoded Cry genes have been widely adopted in poplar breeding; however, potential adverse effects of Cry1Ah1-modified poplars on the ecological environment have raised concerns. Results: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the structural and functional composition of the rhizosphere microbiome in field-grown transgenic Bt poplar. Conclusions: Our analysis of soil chemistry patterns revealed that soil alkaline nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus levels were improved, whereas microbial biomass carbon declined in Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples. We applied metagenomic sequencing of Non-Transgenic (NT) and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples collected from a natural field; the predominant taxa included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. We also identified microbial functional traits involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and replication and repair in NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplars. Together, these results demonstrate that the NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere microbiomes had similar diversity and structure. These differences in relative abundance were observed in a few genera but did not affect the primary genera or soil.

scholarly journals Responses of Phaseolus calcaltus to lime and biochar application in an acid soil

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhua Yao ◽  
Xiangyu Yu ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Dengke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Bean ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Lime Application

Introduction Rice bean (Phaseolus calcaltus), as an annual summer legume, is always subjected to acid soils in tropical to subtropical regions, limiting its growth and nodulation. However, little is known about its responses to lime and biochar addition, the two in improving soil fertility in acid soils. Materials and Methods In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted using rice bean on a sandy yellow soil (Orthic Acrisol) with a pH of 5.5. The experiment included three lime rates (0, 0.75 and 1.5 g kg−1) and three biochar rates (0, 5 and 10 g kg−1). The biochar was produced from aboveground parts of Solanum tuberosum using a home-made device with temperature of pyrolysis about 500 °C. Results and Discussion The results indicated that both lime and biochar could reduce soil exchange Al concentration, increase soil pH and the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, and enhance urease and dehydrogenase activities, benefiting P. calcaltus growth and nodulation in acid soils. Lime application did decrease the concentrations of soil available phosphorus (AP) and alkali dispelled nitrogen (AN), whereas biochar application increased the concentrations of soil AP, AN and available potassium (AK). However, sole biochar application could not achieve as much yield increase as lime application did. High lime rate (1.5 g lime kg−1) incorporated with low biochar rate (5 g biochar kg−1) could obtain higher shoot biomass, nutrient uptake, and nodule number when compared with high lime rate and high biochar rate. Conclusion Lime incorporated with biochar application could achieve optimum improvement for P. calcaltus growing in acid soils when compared with sole lime or biochar addition.

Plant uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus among grassland species affected by drought along a soil available phosphorus gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 448 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Mariotte ◽  
Tom Cresswell ◽  
Mathew P. Johansen ◽  
Jennifer J. Harrison ◽  
Claudia Keitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

Spatial heterogeneity of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in sloping field in a groge Karst region, Southwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
范夫静 FAN Fujing ◽  
黄国勤 HUANG Guoqin ◽  
宋同清 SONG Tongqing ◽  
曾馥平 ZENG Fuping ◽  
彭晚霞 PENG Wanxia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sloping Field

Microbial Activity in Soils of Vegetation-Growing Concrete Slopes

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Cheng Hu Zhang ◽  
Ting Ting Song ◽  
Ju Liu ◽  
Hui Juan Xia ◽  
Jian Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Microbial Quotient

Natural restoration slope and vegetation-growing concrete slope were selected as plots. Soil water content (SWC), pH, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen content (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were analyzed. The main results show that: Soil organic matter, TN and MBC of 0-10 cm soil in the natural restoration slope are significantly lower than that in the vegetation-growing concrete slopes at 0.05 level. Both MBC and MBN show a highly significant positive correlation with soil organic matter and TN. Microbial quotient shows a highly significant negative correlation with TOC and MBN, and shows a significant negative correlation with MBC. The qCO2 shows a highly significant negative correlation with pH, and a significant negative correlation with MBC. The vegetation-growing concrete technology can improve the soil ecosystem in the impaired slope.

scholarly journals Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Smith ◽  
Barbara E. Kishchuk ◽  
William W. Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT Wildfires and harvesting are important disturbances to forest ecosystems, but their effects on soil microbial communities are not well characterized and have not previously been compared directly. This study was conducted at sites with similar soil, climatic, and other properties in a spruce-dominated boreal forest near Chisholm, Alberta, Canada. Soil microbial communities were assessed following four treatments: control, harvest, burn, and burn plus timber salvage (burn-salvage). Burn treatments were at sites affected by a large wildfire in May 2001, and the communities were sampled 1 year after the fire. Microbial biomass carbon decreased 18%, 74%, and 53% in the harvest, burn, and burn-salvage treatments, respectively. Microbial biomass nitrogen decreased 25% in the harvest treatment, but increased in the burn treatments, probably because of microbial assimilation of the increased amounts of available NH4 + and NO3 − due to burning. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by nonparametric ordination of molecular fingerprint data of 119 samples from both ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. On the basis of multiresponse permutation procedures, community composition was significantly different among all treatments, with the greatest differences between the two burned treatments versus the two unburned treatments. The sequencing of DNA bands from RISA fingerprints revealed distinct distributions of bacterial divisions among the treatments. Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria were highly characteristic of the unburned treatments, while Betaproteobacteria and members of Bacillus were highly characteristic of the burned treatments. Wildfire had distinct and more pronounced effects on the soil microbial community than did harvesting.

scholarly journals Alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and their related enzymes as affected by increased soil coarseness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzhen Wang ◽  
Linyou Lü ◽  
Courtney A. Creamer ◽  
Heyong Liu ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Acid Phosphomonoesterase

Abstract. Soil coarseness decreases ecosystem productivity, ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks, and soil nutrient contents in sandy grasslands. To gain insight into changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in response to soil coarseness, a field experiment of sand addition was conducted to coarsen soil with different intensities: 0 % sand addition, 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased with the intensification of soil coarseness across three depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm) by up to 43.9 % and 53.7 %, respectively. At 0–10 cm, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) declined with soil coarseness by up to 44.1 % and 51.9 %, respectively, while microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) increased by as much as 73.9 %. Soil coarseness significantly decreased the activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphomonoesterase by 20.2 %–57.5 %, 24.5 %–53.0 %, and 22.2 %–88.7 %, respectively. Soil coarseness enhanced microbial C and N limitation relative to P, indicated by the ratios of β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to acid phosphomonoesterase (and MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP ratios). As compared to laboratory measurement, values of soil parameters from theoretical sand dilution was significantly lower for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, MBC, MBN, and MBP. Phosphorus immobilization in microbial biomass might aggravate plant P limitation in nutrient-poor grassland ecosystems as affected by soil coarseness. We conclude that microbial C:N:P and enzyme activities might be good indicators for nutrient limitation of microorganisms and plants.

scholarly journals Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Arora ◽  
Divya Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Biochar and Compost-Based Integrated Nutrient Management: Potential for Carbon and Microbial Enrichment in Degraded Acidic and Charland Soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen

Soil acidification and charland formation through alluvial sand deposition are emerging threats to food security in Bangladesh in that they endanger crop production in about 35% of its territory. The integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) is a globally accepted nutrient management approach designed to revive the damaged soils’ fertility level. Total organic carbon (TOC) in soil is a composite index of soil quality that has consequences for agricultural productivity and natural soil ecosystems. This study assesses the impacts of using biochar, compost, poultry litter, and vermicompost-based IPNS approaches on labile and TOC pools, TOC stocks, lability and management indices, and microbial populations under different cropping patterns after 2 years in acidic and charland soils. The application of IPNS treatments increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 9.1–50.0% in acidic soil and 8.8–41.2% in charland soil compared to the untreated soil, with the largest increase in poultry manure biochar (PMB). Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) rose from 20 to 180% in charland soil compared to the control, although no effect was observed in acidic soil. Basal respiration (BR) rose by 43–429% in acidic soil and 16–189% in charland soil compared to the control, exhibiting the highest value in PMB. IPNS treatments significantly improved SOC and POC but did not affect POXc and bulk density in both soils. The PMB and organic fertilizer (OF, compost)-based IPNS wielded the greatest influence on the lability index of MBC in acidic soils and the management index of MBC in both soils. This is despite the fact that IPNS did not affect the lability and management indices of active carbon (AC). IPNS treatments increased the stocks of SOC and MBC in both the soils and POC stock in acidic soil. IPNS treatments significantly boosted the bacterial and fungal populations in both soils, despite having no effect on phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Thus, PMB and OF (compost)-based IPNS may be a better nutrient management practice in degraded acidic and charland soils. This is especially the case in terms of soil quality improvement, soil carbon sequestration, and microbial enrichment.

scholarly journals Rock phosphate fertilization harms Azospirillum brasilense selection by maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1967-1974
Author(s):  
Carime Moraes ◽  
Roberta Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Everlon Cid Rigobelo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Maize is the most important crop cultivated worldwide. It needs a significant amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization to maintain high yields. However, the high cost of fertilization makes production more expensive and damages the environment. The present study used Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis bacteria in an attempt to supply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization to a maize crop. The experiment was carried out with maize plants under greenhouse conditions with a factorial scheme (4 x 2 x 2), where the first factor corresponded to bacterial inoculation: (a) control (no inoculation); (b) A. brasilense inoculation (AZ); (c) B. subtilis inoculation (BS) and (d) inoculation with a mixture of (AZ+BS), the second factor corresponded to the presence or absence of rock phosphate fertilization and the third factor corresponded to the presence or absence of top-dressed nitrogen fertilizer. Evaluated plant parameters were height, shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and soil parameters were total colony forming units of bacteria (CFU), nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Although some parameters were improved with mineral fertilization in general, the findings showed that there were many adverse effects with the use of rock phosphate fertilization and A. brasilense inoculation. When both were applied together in treatments, there was reduction in plant height, microbial biomass carbon and total number of bacteria compared to treatments without rock phosphate fertilization. These results strongly suggest that rock phosphate harms the ability of A. brasilense to promote plant growth and demonstrate the necessity of new studies to verify whether this negative effect occurs under field conditions and could reduce yields in maize crop production.

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