Plant uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus among grassland species affected by drought along a soil available phosphorus gradient

Abstract Background: Poplar (Populus) is a genus of globally important plantation trees used widely in industrial and agricultural production. However, poplar is easily damaged by Micromelalopha troglodyta and Hyphantria cunea, resulting in a decline in poplar quality. Due to their strong insect resistance, Bt toxin-encoded Cry genes have been widely adopted in poplar breeding; however, potential adverse effects of Cry1Ah1-modified poplars on the ecological environment have raised concerns. Results: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the structural and functional composition of the rhizosphere microbiome in field-grown transgenic Bt poplar. Conclusions: Our analysis of soil chemistry patterns revealed that soil alkaline nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus levels were improved, whereas microbial biomass carbon declined in Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples. We applied metagenomic sequencing of Non-Transgenic (NT) and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples collected from a natural field; the predominant taxa included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. We also identified microbial functional traits involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and replication and repair in NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplars. Together, these results demonstrate that the NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere microbiomes had similar diversity and structure. These differences in relative abundance were observed in a few genera but did not affect the primary genera or soil.

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Vertical distribution of soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82677-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanyang Tian ◽

Jiangbo Qiao ◽

Yuanjun Zhu ◽

Xiaoxu Jia ◽

Ming’an Shao

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Critical Zone ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Core ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus

AbstractSoil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil available potassium (SAK) are important elements in the growth of plants. However, limited data are available regarding the vertical distribution of SAP and SAK in deep soil profiles. In this study, we investigated the vertical variations in SAP and SAK in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau (50–200 m), China, by using classical statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil samples were collected from the top of the soil profile down to the bedrock by soil core drilling at five typical sites. SAP decreased throughout the profile. Whereas the SAK exhibited an increasing trend at all sites. The mean SAP concentration ranged from 0.94 to 32.56 mg kg–1 at the sampling sites and the SAK concentration ranged from 44.51 to 229.31 mg kg–1. At all of the sampling sites, SAK was significantly positively correlated with the depth and clay content, but there was a significantly negative correlation between the SAK and the sand content. The exponential model could fit most variograms of SAP and SAK at all sampling sites. The results obtained in this study to improve our comprehension of the SAP or SAK distribution conditions on the Loess Plateau, which is important for reasonable fertilizer application and vegetation planting practices.

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Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/283/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Liu Lixin ◽

Zhang Chunlei ◽

Chen Chang ◽

Lu Guangyuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

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Dissolved and particulate nutrient transport dynamics of a small Irish catchment: the River Owenabue

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-18-2191-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2191-2200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. T. Harrington ◽

J. R. Harrington

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Nutrient Transport ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Particulate Nitrogen ◽

Monitoring Period ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between water and sediment discharge on the transport of nutrients: nitrogen and phosphorus. Water discharge, suspended sediment concentration and dissolved and particulate forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were monitored on the 105 km2 River Owenabue catchment in Ireland. Water discharge was found to have an influence on both particulate and dissolved nutrient transport, but more so for particulate nutrients. The particulate portion of N and P in collected samples was found to be 24 and 39%, respectively. Increased particulate nitrogen concentrations were found at the onset of high discharge events, but did not correlate well to discharge. High concentrations of phosphorus were associated with increased discharge rates and the coefficient of determination (r2) between most forms of phosphorus and both discharge and suspended sediment concentrations were observed to be greater than 0.5. The mean TN yield is 4004 kg km−2 yr−1 for the full 29-month monitoring period with a mean PN yield of 982 kg km−2 yr−1, 25% of the TN yield with the contribution to the yield of PN and PP estimated to be 25 and 53% respectively. These yields represent a PN and PP contribution to the suspended sediment load of 5.6 and 0.28% respectively for the monitoring period. While total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels were similar to other European catchments, levels of bio-available phosphorus were elevated indicating a potential risk of eutrophication within the river.

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Does the Mixture of Species change the C:N:P Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of fine Roots? A Case Study of Cupressus Funebris Mixed Forest

10.21203/rs.3.rs-473216/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenchun He ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Xiaochen Wen ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Baoru Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fine Roots ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Low Efficiency

Abstract The growth of fine roots of trees is affected by environmental changes and biological factors. At present, there have been many researches on the physiological plasticity of fine roots caused by environmental changes, but there are still few studies on the influence of biological factors on fine roots. This paper focused on the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in different root orders of Cupressus funebris fine roots in 11 mixed stands with Koelreuteria paniculate or Toona sinensis at different ratios, and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the root chemical properties. It aimed to provide new insights into the fine-root nutrient distribution pattern and the transformation or reconstruction of low-efficiency pure forests from the standpoint of forest types. The results showed that: soil pH, and the content of available nitrogen (SAN), available phosphorus (SAP) and available potassium (SAK) differed significantly in the tested mixed forest stands. No significant differences in carbon content of fine roots were observed in different mixed stands. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in fine roots in mixed forests showed heterogeneity. Species mixing changed the C/N, C/P and N/P of the C. funebris compared the pure stands. The "T. sinensis + C. funebris" forest alleviated the limitation of the lack of phosphorus on fine roots of C. funebris on. The principal component analysis showed that mixed stands of "T. sinensis + C. funebris" had the highest comprehensive score at ratio of "3:1". Thus, our results recommended the adoption of T. sinensis, especially at 75%, to reconstruct the low-efficiency pure C. funebris forest.

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Change in soil available phosphorus in relation to the phosphorus budget in China

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10705-012-9530-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 94 (2-3) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Ning Cao ◽

Xinping Chen ◽

Zhenling Cui ◽

Fusuo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Available Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Budget ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus

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Soil Nutrients Effects on the Performance of Durum Wheat Inoculated with Entomopathogenic Fungi

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10040589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 589

Author(s):

Adrián González-Guzmán ◽

Daniel Sacristán ◽

Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽

Vidal Barrón ◽

José Torrent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Mutualistic Relationship ◽

Fungal Inoculation

Entomopathogenic fungi (EFs) are widely used as biological control agents. However, some strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum can also promote plant growth and increase nutrient uptake. We examined the effects of soil properties on the performance of Triticum durum inoculated by seed dressing with these EFs and grown on 12 agricultural soils. The plants were supplied with all nutrients except P and Zn (essential for yield and the grain quality of wheat). Fungal inoculation increased the grain yield and harvest index significantly with B. bassiana (17% and 14%, respectively) but not with M. brunneum (6% and 6%, respectively). The increase in grain yield was positively and moderately correlated with the soil available phosphorus (POlsen) in plants inoculated with B. bassiana and with the soil content in poorly crystalline Fe oxides with M. brunneum. In addition, the increase in aerial dry matter resulting from inoculation with B. bassiana was negatively correlated with soil available Zn. Furthermore, the observed increase in grain yields due to fungal inoculation resulted in P and Zn grain dilution (grain nutrient concentrations decrease). Inoculation with B. bassiana increased grain Zn uptake and the proportion of Zn in grain relative to that in aerial dry matter. Success in the mutualistic relationship between EF and wheat plants depends on the fungal strain and soil properties.

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Three Invasive Tree Species Change Soil Chemistry in Guam Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11030279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas E. Marler

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Soil Chemistry ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Invasive Tree ◽

Invasive Tree Species ◽

Forms Of Carbon

Research Highlights: Established stands of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., and Vitex parviflora Juss. modified soils in Guam’s limestone forests, reducing storage pools of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Background and Objectives: Invasive plants may engineer negative changes in ecosystem properties. This study was conducted to determine changes in soil chemistry following infestations of three problematic tree species on Guam. Materials and Methods: Minerals, metals, and mineralization dynamics were measured in invaded sites and paired sites with biodiverse native tree cover. Results: Most soil properties were significantly changed by long-term infestations of the invasive tree species. The soils within invaded sites exhibited total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus that were less than native sites. In contrast, the carbon/nitrogen ratio increased for every species-site combination. The other chemical properties were idiosyncratic among the sites and species. Conclusions: Mitigation and restoration activities that include the removal of these trees from project sites may require many years for the below-ground ecosystems to return to their native state. These three invasive trees decrease the ability of Guam soils to sequester recalcitrant forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

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Modeling of soil available phosphorus surplus in an intensive wheat–maize rotation production area of the North China Plain

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 269 ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rui Wang ◽

Zhijun Yao ◽

Yuping Lei

Keyword(s):

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

The North ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Production Area

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Biological farming for sustainable agricultural production

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9950849 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 849 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

CM Penfold ◽

MS Miyan ◽

TG Reeves ◽

IT Grierson

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Large Scale ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Term Trial ◽

Biological Farming

In 1989, funding was provided to establish a large-scale (16-ha), long-term trial at Roseworthy campus. The trial aims to compare organic, biodynamic, integrated, and conventional broadacre farming systems for attributes of sustainability. It is overseen by a 13-member management committee comprising farmers with experience in each practice, agronomists, and soil scientists. Through the monitoring of indicators such as soil physical, chemical, and biological changes, product quality, economics, crop water usage, and energy requirements, the comparative advantages or disadvantages of each system are being evaluated in terms of productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability. After 6 years, significant differences between systems are apparent in economic returns and soil available phosphorus (P) levels. The biodynamic treatment has the highest gross margins, followed by conventional, organic, and integrated. Conversely, available P levels on the biodynamic and organic treatments have declined 12 and 9%, respectively, since the start of the trial, while both the integrated and conventional treatments have increased soil P levels. In summary, it is too early in the trial to state categorically that any one system is more sustainable than another, although trends are now emerging. Weed management remains the main impediment to high production levels on the organic and biodynamic treatments, while input costs, variable yields, and low returns for grazed pastures are major constraints to high economic returns on the integrated and conventional systems.

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