scholarly journals Recommendations from the RISRS Report: Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Scholarly Communications

Abstract Background: Retraction is a mechanism for alerting readers to unreliable material, effectively removing from the published scientific and scholarly record articles that are deemed to be seriously flawed. Research over the past decade has identified a number of factors contributing to the unintentional spread of retracted research. The goal of the Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda (RISRS) project is to develop an actionable agenda for reducing the inadvertent spread of retracted science. This includes identifying how the gatekeepers of scientific publications can monitor and disseminate retraction status and determining what other actions are feasible and relevant. Methods: These recommendations were developed as part of a year-long process that included an exploratory environment scan, a scoping review of empirical literature, and successive rounds of stakeholder consultation, culminating in a three-part online workshop that brought together a diverse body of 70 stakeholders in October-November 2020 to engage in collaborative problem solving and dialogue. Workshop discussions were seeded by materials derived from stakeholder interviews (N=47) and short original discussion pieces contributed by stakeholders. The online workshop resulted in a set of recommendations to address the complexities of retracted research throughout the scholarly communications ecosystem. Results: The RISRS recommendations are: Develop a systematic cross-industry approach to ensure the public availability of consistent, standardized, interoperable, and timely information about retractions. Recommend a taxonomy of retraction categories/classifications and corresponding retraction metadata that can be adopted by all stakeholders. Develop best practices for coordinating the retraction process to enable timely, fair, unbiased outcomes. Educate stakeholders about publication correction processes including retraction and about pre- and post-publication stewardship of the scholarly record. Conclusions: The continued circulation of retracted research is an ecosystem problem. These recommendations focus on areas where stakeholders can collaborate to address the continued citation of retracted research. We have suggested particular actions for standards organizations, publishers, researchers, and research integrity organizations.

scholarly journals Recommendations from the Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Schneider ◽  
Nathan D. Woods ◽  
Randi Proescholdt ◽  
Yuanxi Fu ◽  
The RISRS Team
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
National Information

Retracted research is published work that is withdrawn, removed, or otherwise invalidated from the scientific and scholarly record. This may occur for many different reasons, which can include error, misconduct, or fraud. Retracting research is intended to stop its continued citation and use, but many retracted papers continue to be used.Retracted research that is integrated into the scientific publication network via citations—either before or after retraction—enables the inadvertent propagation of potentially unsupported or fabricated data, fundamental errors, and unreproducible results, or can lead to misattribution of results or ideas (e.g., in cases of retraction due to dual publication, plagiarism, or ownership). Research over the past decade has identified a number of factors contributing to the unintentional spread of retracted research. Many retracted papers are not marked as retracted on publisher and aggregator sites, and retracted articles may still be found in readers’ PDF libraries, including in reference management systems such as Zotero, EndNote, and Mendeley. Most publishers do not systematically surveil bibliographies of submitted manuscripts, and most editors do not query whether a citation to a retracted paper is justified. When citing retracted papers, authors frequently do not indicate retraction status in bibliographies or in-text citations.The goal of the Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda (RISRS) project is to develop an actionable agenda for reducing the inadvertent spread of retracted science. This includes identifying how the gatekeepers of scientific publications can monitor and disseminate retraction status and determining what other actions are feasible and relevant.The RISRS process included an exploratory environment scan, a scoping review of empirical literature, and successive rounds of stakeholder consultation, culminating in a three-part online workshop (October 26, November 9, and November 16, 2020) that brought together a diverse body of 70 stakeholders to engage in collaborative problem solving and dialogue. Workshop discussions were seeded by materials derived from stakeholder interviews and short original discussion pieces contributed by stakeholders. The online workshop resulted in a set of recommendations to address the complexities of retracted research throughout the scholarly communications ecosystem. Recommendations were iteratively updated and developed through a series of surveys and drafts as well as at a followup meeting online February 16, 2021.The RISRS team solicited feedback from presentations to NISOPlus, the Society for Scholarly Publishing, and the European Association of Science Editors. Implementation actions have started through a COPE task force on taxonomy and discussions about a proposed National Information Standards Organization (NISO) Work Item. We welcome your feedback via the project website https://infoqualitylab.org/projects/risrs2020/ or by email to [email protected]. We encourage you to disseminate these recommendations and to envision how you, in your role, and in collaborative partnerships, can make a difference. For instance, you might help form a professional working group to further develop or refine these recommendations; present about retraction and related issues at professional and academic meetings; take on an implementation or policy project; or outline further research to be conducted. Recommendations1. Develop a systematic cross-industry approach to ensure the public availability of consistent, standardized, interoperable, and timely information about retractions.2. Recommend a taxonomy of retraction categories/classifications and corresponding retraction metadata that can be adopted by all stakeholders.3. Develop best practices for coordinating the retraction process to enable timely, fair, unbiased outcomes.4. Educate stakeholders about publication correction processes including retraction and about pre- and post-publication stewardship of the scholarly record.

scholarly journals Evaluation of business models of urban IoT-applications for a medium sized city

2020 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 393-403
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Fischer ◽  
Birgit Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Public ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
German City ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Digitalization of the public sector is being driven by a number of factors. In particular, the concept of "Smart Cities" has become an important driver of this development. This relies heavily on an intelligent infrastructure including the Internet of Things (IoT). But does it make sense for small and medium-sized municipalities to develop this? Is it justified to invest in IoT? (How) can a mediumsized city benefit from it? This paper presents the application of an evaluation scheme for business models of urban IoT applications to answer these questions. The research question focuses on how best practices of urban IoT applications in general and in particular can be evaluated. In order to establish a concrete practical reference we evaluated ten chosen IoT applications for the German city of Herrenberg.

Abusing Public Visual History

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public History ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illustrated Press ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Visual History

The covers of the two mainstream right-wing magazines in Poland, (W) Sieci and Do Rzeczy, have put numerous images on display that refer to well-known events from the past. However, most of the images suggest incorrect interpretations or even falsify historical facts. Asserting that visual history as presented in the illustrated press belongs to the field of public history, the author discusses the consequences of such a deceptive use of history in the public sphere. The article challenges the affirmative approach of public history by showing that scholars should pay more attention to those who ignore ethical codes and do not follow what are considered to be best practices.

scholarly journals Crowding the library: How and why libraries are using crowdsourcing to engage the public

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Severson ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Sauve
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past

Over the past 10 years, there has been a noticeable increase of crowdsourcing projects in cultural heritage institutions, where digital technologies are being used to open up their collections and encourage the public to engage with them in a very direct way. Libraries, archives and museums have long had a history and mandate of outreach and public engagement but crowdsourcing marks a move towards a more participatory and inclusive model of engagement. If a library wants to start a crowdsourcing project, what do they need to know?  This article is written from a Canadian University library perspective with the goal to help the reader engage with the current crowdsourcing landscape. This article’s contribution includes a literature review and a survey of popular projects and platforms; followed by a case study of a crowdsourcing pilot completed at the McGill Library. The article pulls these two threads of theory and practice together—with a discussion of some of the best practices learned through the literature and real-life experience, giving the reader practical tools to help a library evaluate if crowdsourcing is right for them, and how to get a desired project off the ground.

scholarly journals Popularizing science in Italy: a historical perspective. An interview with Paola Govoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. C04
Author(s):  
Paola Govoni
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science Popularization ◽  
Community Science ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Quality Production

The interview concerns the role of scientific books in the Italian society from the 19th century until today. Having played an important role in the formation of a national scientific community, science popularization has offered a ceaseless high-quality production during the past two centuries. On the other hand, even today scientific publications do reach only a narrow élite. In the author’s opinion, only the school system has the power to widen the public for science in Italy.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Centres: Are They Useful for the Improvement of Animal Welfare?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Clive J. C. Phillips ◽  
Carla F. M. Molento
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Number Of Publications

Animal welfare has emerged as a scientific discipline only in the past 30 years, but a significant body of scientists has developed worldwide in this time. Over the past quarter century, several aggregations of scientists, centres of animal welfare, have become established. This can bring the benefits of the recognition of expertise and an opportunity to support animal industries in improving welfare, but it also brings the risk of scientists being influenced by these industries and failing to identify animal welfare problems as such. We conducted a bibliometric search of the scientific literature with the purpose of comparing the characteristics of publications on animal welfare that were or were not from animal welfare centres in academic institutions. We found that the number of publications on animal welfare from centres of animal welfare increased, initially, in the early 2000s and again in the last decade. Significant funding was obtained from the livestock industries for these centres. In a second search, we identified that only about 8% of scientific publications on animal welfare came from animal welfare centres, and the rest were mainly supported by funding sources other than the animal industries. It is concluded that the emergence of significant animal welfare centres, often with significant funding from industry, allows clusters of scientists to develop that could advance animal welfare knowledge more effectively than disparate scientists in isolated institutions. However, industry funding risks these scientists being aligned with industry goals that may not include animal welfare improvement to the extent required by the public. Further research to identify any ethical conflicts for scientists in animal welfare centres would be warranted.

scholarly journals Ukraine’s Public Debt: Current Status and Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
L. O. Petyk ◽  
◽  
N. V. Horanska ◽  
N. D. Saranchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
External Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Main Factors

In today’s conditions, it is quite problematic to pick out a State that does not use borrowings in order to further finance the needs of the State budget. Therefore, one of the most important problems of the economy of each country is the problem of changing the volume of public debt. The concept of public debt is immediately associated with a negative phenomenon. However, the experience of many countries shows the opposite – public debt is within the permissible limits of no potential threat to the economy. However, in Ukraine, its indicators in recent years have been steadily increasing and far exceeding the limits of the norm. This tendency is due to a number of factors on which the amount of public debt depends. The article is aimed at disclosing the theoretical aspects of the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt of Ukraine, as well as their differences. The structure of the debt and its volumes during 2016-2020 are researched. The views of foreign and domestic researchers on determining the concept of the aggregate public debt are considered. As result of the study, the current status of Ukraine’s public debt is reflected and the dynamics of both the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt in terms of their components have been analyzed for the past four years. The dependence of both the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt on the size of gross domestic product is considered. The share of the internal and the external debt in the composition of the public debt and the State-guaranteed debt respectively is analyzed. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the factors that affect the change in debt volumes, the main factors and causes that led to the growth of both the public and the State-guaranteed debt in Ukraine are defined, as well as the main trends and specific features of its formation. As a result, measures are proposed to overcome these problems.

scholarly journals The reform of human resource management in the Irish public service

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
William K. Roche ◽  
Joanna O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Reviews

AbstractThis paper reviews human resource management (HRM) reforms in the Irish public service over the past twenty-five years. The narrative is based around five HRM themes which have been the main focus of public service reform efforts: performance management, public service careers, leadership, strategic HRM and employment relations. The paper examines all available independent empirical research as well as internal and external reviews commissioned by the public service. The paper contributes to the empirical literature on HRM in the public service and in Ireland, and locates the pattern of HRM reform in the public service in Ireland in comparative context. The paper concludes by noting that while progress has been made, further energy is required in respect of HRM reform.

Creative Problem Solving in Public School Supervision

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Shapiro ◽  
Nelson Moses
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Supervision ◽  
Team Functioning

This article presents a practical and collegial model of problem solving that is based upon the literature in supervision and cognitive learning theory. The model and the procedures it generates are applied directly to supervisory interactions in the public school environment. Specific principles of supervision and related recommendations for collaborative problem solving are discussed. Implications for public school supervision are addressed in terms of continued professional growth of both supervisees and supervisors, interdisciplinary team functioning, and renewal and retention of public school personnel.

The Suffering of the Perpetrators: The Ethics of Traumatic German Historicity in Karen Bass's Young Adult World War II Novels

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Doris Wolf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The Public Sphere

This paper examines two young adult novels, Run Like Jäger (2008) and Summer of Fire (2009), by Canadian writer Karen Bass, which centre on the experiences of so-called ordinary German teenagers in World War II. Although guilt and perpetration are themes addressed in these books, their focus is primarily on the ways in which Germans suffered at the hands of the Allied forces. These books thus participate in the increasingly widespread but still controversial subject of the suffering of the perpetrators. Bringing work in childhood studies to bear on contemporary representations of German wartime suffering in the public sphere, I explore how Bass's novels, through the liminal figure of the adolescent, participate in a culture of self-victimisation that downplays guilt rather than more ethically contextualises suffering within guilt. These historical narratives are framed by contemporary narratives which centre on troubled teen protagonists who need the stories of the past for their own individualisation in the present. In their evacuation of crucial historical contexts, both Run Like Jäger and Summer of Fire support optimistic and gendered narratives of individualism that ultimately refuse complicated understandings of adolescent agency in the past or present.

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