Epidemiological Profile of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in a Diagnostic Center in Southern Puerto Rico, 2006-2017

Abstract Objective: This study has the purpose of developing an epidemiological profile of children with Neurodevelopmental disorders in southern Puerto Rico Methods: This is an exploratory study with a mixed design that carried out in a diagnostic center located in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The population under study were children within 0-18 years old of both sexes diagnosed with a Neurodevelopmental disorder using the DSM- 4 and DSM-5 criteria. The sample under investigation were all the children in the secondary database of children who received health services in the diagnostic center within 2016-2017. Additionally, to the data from the secondary database, a hand-writing record review was performed to obtain data related to comorbidities. Bivariate and multivariate analysis evaluated the association between each Neurodevelopmental disorder, and each disease reported in the family history of diseases. Also, bivariate and multivariate analysis assessed the association between each Neurodevelopmental disorder, and each comorbidity reported. Results and conclusions: The mean age and standard deviation of the sample were 5.2 ± 3.20, and 80.5% were males. Also, most of the children lived in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The sample size did not have normal distribution because the sample size is too smaller and not selected by probabilistic methods. Furthermore, 88.2% of the children received a previous evaluation related to the problem, and 70.5% received some treatment for the symptoms. The results revealed that the Neurodevelopmental disorders co-occurred. Also, other comorbidities co-occurred with these disorders. Mental disorders are associated with Autism, ADHD and Communication Disorders. Also, family history of Mental disorders is associated with Autism.

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The CCC2000 Birth Cohort Study of Register-Based Family History of Mental Disorders and Psychotic Experiences in Offspring

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbu167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1084-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Pia Jeppesen ◽

Janne Tidselbak Larsen ◽

Lars Clemmensen ◽

Anja Munkholm ◽

Martin Kristian Rimvall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

History Of

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Help-seeking behavior of individuals with schizophrenia in the general population of Hunan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20778/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Ma ◽

Qiongjuan Zheng ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Chunyu Liu ◽

Xuefei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Help Seeking Behavior ◽

First Choice ◽

Education Levels ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

History Of ◽

Seeking Help

Abstract Purpose : This study aims to know the seeking help behavior (including seeking help or not, first choice, influential factors and barriers in seeking help) of individuals with SZ in Hunan province of China. Methods : The participants are from a larger epidemiological study of severe mental disorders in Hunan province of China. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect relative information. Results : 1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n=163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n=78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. 2) The help-seeking behavior ratio (seeking help individuals/total sample size) is significantly lower in the illiterate group than in other education levels. Those with a family history of mental disorders tend to have a higher help-seeking behavior ratio. And the first choice of help is largely related to education level. 3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). Conclusion : About one third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospital and relatives as their first choice. A family history of mental disorders and higher education levels are meaningfully associated with help-seeking behavior, and individuals with more education tend to seek for professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etc.

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Impact of urban birth and upbringing on expression of psychosis in a Chinese undergraduate population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03475-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeremy W. Coid ◽

Yamin Zhang ◽

Huan Sun ◽

Hua Yu ◽

Wei Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Paranoid Ideation ◽

Etiological Factors ◽

Urban Living ◽

Dissociative Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

Schizotypal Symptoms

Abstract Background Urban birth and upbringing show consistent associations with psychotic illness but the key urban exposures remain unknown. Associations with psychotic-like experiences (PEs) are inconsistent. These could be confounded by common mental disorders associated with PEs. Furthermore, associations between PEs and urban exposures may not extrapolate to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Methods Annual cross-sectional surveys among first year Chinese undergraduates 2014–2019 (n = 47,004). Self-reported, hierarchical categorisation of psychosis: from psychoticism, paranoid ideation, schizotypal symptoms, nuclear syndrome using SCL-90-R, to clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Depressive symptoms using PHQ 9. Dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measured using PCL-C. Etiological factors of family history and childhood disadvantage. We studied effects of urban birth, urban living and critical times of exposure in childhood on psychosis phenotypes. Results Associations with urbanicity were found only after adjustments for depression. Urban birth was associated with paranoia (AOR 1.34, 1.18–1.53), schizotypal symptoms (AOR 1.59, 1.29–1.96), and schizophrenia (AOR 2.07, 1.10–3.87). The same phenotypes showed associations with urban residence > 10 years. Only schizophrenia showed an association with urban exposure birth-3 years (AOR 7.01, 1.90–25.86). Child maltreatment was associated with both psychosis and depression. Urbanicity measured across the total sample did not show any associations with demography, family history of psychosis, or child maltreatment. Sensitivity analysis additionally adjusting for dissociative symptoms and PTSD showed the same pattern of findings. Conclusions Urban birth and urban living showed a hierarchical pattern of increasing associations from paranoid ideation to schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia, confirming that associations for psychotic experiences could be extrapolated to schizophrenia, but only after adjusting for confounding from depression, dissociative symptoms and PTSD. Several etiological factors were the same for psychosis and depression. Future studies of PEs should adjust for confounding from common mental disorders and dissociative symptoms. Effects of urbanicity on psychosis were not explained by demography, family history of mental disorder, or child maltreatment.

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Epilepsy and Malaria in Children Aged 1 to 15 Years in Parakou in 2018: Case-Control Study

Child Neurology Open ◽

10.1177/2329048x20954111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 2329048X2095411

Author(s):

Adoukonou Thierry ◽

Agbeille Falilatou ◽

Bokossa Covalic ◽

Dovoedo Elodie ◽

Agbétou Mendinatou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Family History ◽

Cerebral Malaria ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Past Medical History ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Epilepsy ◽

Control Study ◽

Malaria Episodes

Objective: To study the link between malaria and epilepsy in children in Parakou district. Methods: This case-control study included children 1-15 years of age with epilepsy. Each case of epilepsy was matched to 2 controls for age, sex and neighborhood of residence. The exposure variables were a history of malaria (number and type), family history of epilepsy and other past medical history. The odds ratios (OR) and their confidence interval were used to estimate association. Results: A total of 123 children including 41 children with epilepsy and 82 controls were included. The overall average number of malaria episodes per year in both groups combined was 1.8 ± 0.9 episodes. In the multivariate analysis, cerebral malaria (OR: 50.35 [5.28-480.30]), family history of epilepsy (OR: 12.17 [2.15-69.01]) and number of malaria episodes (OR: 13.27 [4.53-98.48]) were associated. Conclusion: This study supports the association between cerebral malaria and the onset of epilepsy.

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Help-Seeking Behavior of Individuals With Schizophrenia in the General Population of Hunan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20778/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Ma ◽

Qiongjuan Zheng ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Chunyu Liu ◽

Xuefei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Help Seeking Behavior ◽

First Choice ◽

Education Levels ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

History Of ◽

Seeking Help

Abstract Background This study aims to know the seeking help behavior (including seeking help or not, first choice, influential factors and barriers in seeking help) of individuals with SZ (Schizophrenia) in Hunan province of China. Methods The participants are from a larger epidemiological study of severe mental disorders in Hunan province of China. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect relative information. Results (1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n=163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n=78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. (2) The help-seeking behavior ratio (seeking help individuals/total sample size) is significantly lower in the illiterate group than in other education levels. Those with a family history of mental disorders tend to have a higher help-seeking behavior ratio. And the first choice of help is largely related to education level. (3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). Conclusions About one third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospital and relatives as their first choice. A family history of mental disorders and higher education levels are meaningfully associated with help-seeking behavior, and individuals with more education tend to seek for professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etcTrial registration This study is approved by ‘the ethics committee of the Brain Hospital of Hunan Province’,the committee’s reference numberis ‘Z2019045’.

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Help-seeking Behavior of Individuals with Schizophrenia in the General Population of Hunan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20778/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiawen Hu ◽

Qiongjuan Zheng ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Chunyu Liu ◽

Xuefei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Help Seeking Behavior ◽

First Choice ◽

Education Levels ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

History Of ◽

Seeking Help

Abstract PurposeThis study aims to know the seeking help behavior of individuals with SZ (Schizophrenia) in Hunan province of China. MethodsThe participants are from a larger epidemiological study of severe mental disorders in Hunan province of China. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect relative information. Results1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n=163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n=78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. 2) The help-seeking behavior ratio is significantly lower in the illiterate group than in other education levels. Those with a family history of mental disorders tend to have a higher help-seeking behavior ratio. 3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services（47.0%）.ConclusionAbout one third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospital and relatives as their first choice. A family history of mental disorders and higher education levels are meaningfully associated with help-seeking behavior, and individuals with more education tend to seek for professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etc.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Among Urban Residents in Wuhan During the Stage of Regular Control of Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.594167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yage Zheng ◽

Ling Xiao ◽

Yinping Xie ◽

Huiling Wang ◽

Gaohua Wang

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Epidemic Control ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

History Of

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) is one of the most devastating epidemics in the 21st century, which has caused considerable damage to the physical and mental health of human beings. Despite a few regions like China having controlled the epidemic trends, most countries are still under siege of COVID-19. As the emphasis on cleaning and hygiene has been increasing, the problems related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may appear.Objective: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of OCD in the urban population in Wuhan during the stage of regular epidemic control and prevention. Meanwhile, characteristics and risk factors for OCD were also explored.Method: Five-hundred and seventy residents in urban areas of Wuhan were recruited using the snowball sampling method to complete questionnaires and an online interview from July 9 to July 19, 2020. Collected information encompassed socio-demographics, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) scores and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) values.Results: Three months after lifting the quarantine in Wuhan, the prevalence of OCD was 17.93%. About 89% of OCD patients had both obsessions and compulsions, while 8% had only obsessions and 3% had only compulsions. Top 3 common dimensions of obsessions were miscellaneous (84.0%), aggressive (76.6%), and contamination (48.9%), and of compulsions were miscellaneous (64%), checking (51.7%), and cleaning/washing/repeating (31.5%). The unmarried were more vulnerable to OCD than the married (p < 0.05, odds ration = 1.836). Students had 2.103 times the risk of developing OCD than health care workers (p < 0.05). Those with positive family history of OCD and other mental disorders (p < 0.05, odds ration = 2.497) and presence of psychiatric comorbidity (p < 0.05, odds ration = 4.213) were also at higher risk. Each level increase in sleep latency increased the risk of OCD to 1.646 times (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In the background of regular epidemic control, the prevalence of OCD was high, and the symptoms were widely distributed. Obsessions often accompanied compulsions. Being single and a student, positive family history of OCD and other mental disorders, presence of psychiatric comorbidity, and longer sleep latency were predictors of OCD. Early recognition and detection of these issues may help to intervene in OCD.

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Epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at Muriaé Cancer Hospital, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e17530-e17530

Author(s):

Carla Simone Moreira de Freitas ◽

Aleida Nazareth Soares

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Family Income ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cancer Hospital ◽

History Of ◽

Epidemiological Profile

e17530 Background: Prostate cancer (CP) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms among men with high prevalence worldwide. In Brazil, in 2019, 582,000 new cases of cancer were estimated, 282,000 in women and 300,000 in men, 75% are prostate cancer in individuals over 65 years of age (BRASIL, 2019). The occurrence of CP has specific risk factors, such as advanced age (over 65 years), genetic predisposition (patients with a family history of prostate cancer, between 35 and 40 years of age) and ethnicity (mostly blacks). Mortality due to this neoplasm is considered relatively low compared to other types of cancers, which partly reflects a good prognosis.The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile of prostate cancer patients treated in an Muriae Cancer hospital in Minas Gerais - Brazil. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between 1997 and 2019 with 4,395 patients diagnosed with CP, living in the region and adjacencies, 4,175 (95%) assisted by the Unified Health System (SUS). Results: Patients from Minas Gerais-Brazil, cities of microregions and rural areas, the most prevalent age group was between 61-70 years of age with 1769 cases (40.25%), 3476 (79.1%) with low schooling, 3156 (71.82%) with per capita family income less than 0.5 minimum wages, and in regarding profession, the majority 541 (58.05%) is retired and rural workers 148 (15.88%); 1933 (44%) alcohol users, 2021 (46%) smokers and 1626 (37%) with a report of a family history of cancer. As for ethnicity, 1943 (44.23%) were black. Nutritional status 3845 (87.49) were eutrophic. The mean time between diagnosis and treatment was 51 months. PSA levels were 1ng/ml to 10 ng/ml (39%), from 10 ng/ml to 28 ng/ml (21%), from 28 ng/ml to 70 ng/ml (9%) and from 70 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml (6%) and > 200 ng/ml (5%); altered tests 1845 (42%), PSA elevation 1538 (35%), obstructive symptoms 965 (5%), dysuria 579 (3%) and pain 579 (3%). The majority (50.41%) with stage II, stage III (18.10%) and IV (9%), highlighting that in 1997 the percentage of advanced stages (III and IV) was 47% and in 2019 it decreased to 18%, due to earlier diagnoses. Conclusions: The analyzed data allowed to characterize the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of patients treated in Muriaé Cancer hospital, Brazil, contributing to decision-making regarding the treatment provided to this population.

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Association between family history of mental disorders and outcome in psychotic disorders

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 270 ◽

pp. 616-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Käkelä ◽

T. Nordström ◽

M. Haapea ◽

E. Jääskeläinen ◽

J. Miettunen

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

History Of

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Introducing the White Noise task in childhood: associations between speech illusions and psychosis vulnerability

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716001112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (13) ◽

pp. 2731-2740 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. K. Rimvall ◽

L. Clemmensen ◽

A. Munkholm ◽

C. U. Rask ◽

J. T. Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Negative Affect ◽

White Noise ◽

Sensory Input ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Top Down ◽

Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽

Speech Stimuli ◽

History Of

BackgroundAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common during development and may arise due to dysregulation in top-down processing of sensory input. This study was designed to examine the frequency and correlates of speech illusions measured using the White Noise (WN) task in children from the general population. Associations between speech illusions and putative risk factors for psychotic disorder and negative affect were examined.MethodA total of 1486 children aged 11–12 years of the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 were examined with the WN task. Psychotic experiences and negative affect were determined using the Kiddie-SADS-PL. Register data described family history of mental disorders. Exaggerated Theory of Mind functioning (hyper-ToM) was measured by the ToM Storybook Frederik.ResultsA total of 145 (10%) children experienced speech illusions (hearing speech in the absence of speech stimuli), of which 102 (70%) experienced illusions perceived by the child as positive or negative (affectively salient). Experiencing hallucinations during the last month was associated with affectively salient speech illusions in the WN task [general cognitive ability: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.93]. Negative affect, both last month and lifetime, was also associated with affectively salient speech illusions (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05–3.83 and aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.11–2.89, respectively). Speech illusions were not associated with delusions, hyper-ToM or family history of mental disorders.ConclusionsSpeech illusions were elicited in typically developing children in a WN-test paradigm, and point to an affective pathway to AVH mediated by dysregulation in top-down processing of sensory input.

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