The seven-layer stratification theory of gastric wall under ultrasonography and its clinical application

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-828840/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kexiao Mu ◽

Qian Sun

Keyword(s):

Clinical Application ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Gastric Wall ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Correct Judgment ◽

Stratification Theory ◽

Gastric Stromal Tumor ◽

Contrast Ultrasonography

Abstract ObjectiveHere, we develop a seven-layer gastric wall stratification theory based on the physical basis of ultrasound and histology, and further discuss its potential clinical application. Methods1. Experimental methods: Ex vivo human gastric specimens were immersed in normal saline and examined with a high-frequency probe to study the relationship between the sonograms and the corresponding anatomy of the gastric wall. 2. The study enrolled 136 patients admitted to our hospital with gastric diseases who underwent gastric contrast ultrasonography supplemented with the pathological examination. The seven-layer stratification theory was adopted during the analysis to profile sonogram characteristics with lesions originating from various layers. ResultsAll the sonograms of the in vitro human gastric specimens could be divided into seven intervals of strong and weak echoes. The pathological examinations were performed on 136 patient-derived samples as the golden criteria of diagnosis: 29 cases of gastric polyps, 10 cases of lymphomas, 5 cases of neuroendocrine tumors, 11 cases of ectopic pancreas, 22 cases of gastric stromal tumor, 19 cases of leiomyomas, 29 cases of chronic inflammation, 9 cases of diffuse invasive cancer, and 2 cases of neurilemmoma. The ultrasound and pathological examination results were consistent in 110 cases, showing a coincidence rate of 80.9%. ConclusionBy adopting the seven-layer stratification theory of the gastric wall, the ultrasound can accurately locate the position of mucosal muscularis, which is of great significance for accurate measurement of the thickness of each anatomical layer and the correct judgment of the origin and the classification of the space-occupying lesions. Keywords Gastric wall; ultrasound; seven-layer stratification; clinical application

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Ureteroscopy for Stone Treatment Using New 270° Semiflexible Endoscope: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Clinical Application

Journal of Endourology ◽

10.1089/end.2006.0291 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1439-1444 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl ◽

Lutz Trojan ◽

Peter Alken ◽

Maurice-Stephan Michel ◽

Thomas Knoll

Keyword(s):

Clinical Application ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Stone Treatment

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Regorafenib inhibits tumor progression through suppression of ERK/NF-κB activation in hepatocellular carcinoma bearing mice

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20171264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mao-Chi Weng ◽

Mei-Hui Wang ◽

Jai-Jen Tsai ◽

Yu-Cheng Kuo ◽

Yu-Chang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Body Weight ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Tumor Bearing ◽

Phosphorylated Akt

Regorafenib has been demonstrated in our previous study to trigger apoptosis through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep1 cells in vitro. However, the effect of regorafenib on NF-κB-modulated tumor progression in HCC in vivo is ambiguous. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of regorafenib on NF-κB-modulated tumor progression in HCC bearing mouse model. pGL4.50 luciferase reporter vector transfected SK-Hep1 (SK-Hep1/luc2) and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice were established and used for the present study. Mice were treated with vehicle or regorafenib (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 14 days. Effects of regorafenib on tumor growth and protein expression together with toxicity of regorafenib were evaluated with digital caliper and bioluminescence imaging (BLI), ex vivo Western blotting immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and measurement of body weight and pathological examination of liver tissue, respectively, in SK-Hep1/luc2 and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice. The results indicated regorafenib significantly reduced tumor growth and expression of phosphorylated ERK, NF-κB p65 (Ser536), phosphorylated AKT, and tumor progression-associated proteins. In addition, we found regorafenib induced both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Body weight and liver morphology were not affected by regorafenib treatment. Our findings present the mechanism of tumor progression inhibition by regorafenib is linked to suppression of ERK/NF-κB signaling in SK-Hep1/luc2 and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice.

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546 Flexible ureterorenoscopy for stone treatment using a new 270° semiflexible scope — in vitro, ex vivo and clinical application

European Urology Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1569-9056(04)90541-6 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

T. Knoll ◽

A. Haecker ◽

L. Trojan ◽

G. Wendt Nordahl ◽

P. Alken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Application ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Flexible Ureterorenoscopy ◽

Stone Treatment

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713. Preventive Administration of MEDI6389, a Combination of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Targeting Alpha-Toxin (AT), Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), Leukocidin ED (LukED), Gamma-Hemolysin and Clumping Factor A (ClfA), in a Rabbit Model of USA300 MRSA Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI)

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S320-S321

Author(s):

Mao Yanjie ◽

Florent Valour ◽

Giang Vu Vi Tran ◽

Trang Vu ◽

Thomas Delaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Control Group ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Tem Analysis

Abstract Background mAbs targeting staphylococcal virulence factors could represent an interesting preventive strategy in PJI. We evaluate here MEDI6389 compared with isotype-matched control IgG (c-IgG) in a rabbit model of USA300 MRSA PJI. Methods Rabbits were randomized for prophylaxis with either c-IgG (n = 13; 30 mg/kg; controls) or MEDI6389 (n = 13; 30 mg/kg of each mAb) administered intravenously 12h before infection. A cemented screw and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene washer were placed intraarticularly in the external femoral condyle. After suturing the joint capsule and musculocutaneous layers, 300 µL of a standardized bacterial inoculum containing 5 × 105 CFU of a USA300 MRSA clinical isolate were injected intraarticularly. Animals were euthanized on day 8 and the knee joint was harvested for bacteriological analysis (synovial bacterial counts, and enumeration of screw-adherent bacteria after sonication) and histology (conventional pathology, and transmission electron microscopy [TEM] for neutrophils analysis). In vivo observations made on neutrophils were confirmed by TEM analysis of human neutrophils incubated in vitro with purified PVL, LukED, and gamma-hemolysin with or without the corresponding mAb. Results In comparison with the control group, the average amount of pus (1.7 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.2 g, P = 0.026) and the number of bacteria in the synovial pus (5.9±1.5 vs. 7.2±1.4 log10 CFU, P = 0.031) and on the screw (2.7 ± 1.5 vs. 4.1 ± 1.6 log10 CFU, P = 0.035) were decreased in animals pretreated by MEDI6389. Conventional pathological examination showed a marked reduction in synovitis of MEDI6389-pretreated animals. TEM of synovitis harvested from infected knee joints of control animals showed significant greater number of abnormal neutrophils that appeared rounded, with condensed nucleus and no granules, compared with those pretreated with MEDI6389 (P = 0.002). This classical leukocidin-induced neutrophilic killing phenotype could be neutralized with anti-leukocidin mAbs using ex vivo human neutrophils incubated with PVL, LukED, HlgAB, or HlgCB. Conclusion The preventive administration of MEDI6389 allows a reduction of local inflammation and bacterial burden in this USA300 MRSA rabbit PJI model. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Effects of the Tibetan herbal preparation PADMA 28 on blood lipids and lipid oxidisability in subjects with mild hypercholesterolaemia

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.34.1.11 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Brunner-La Rocca ◽

Schindler ◽

Schlumpf ◽

Saller ◽

Suter

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Tibetan Medicine ◽

Double Blind ◽

Intraarterial Infusion ◽

Padma 28

Background: Previous studies showed an anti-atherosclerotic effect of PADMA 28, an herbal formula based on Tibetan medicine. As the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, we investigated whether PADMA 28 may lower blood lipids and lipid oxidisability, and affect early endothelial dysfunction. Patients and methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with total cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/l and < 8.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to placebo or PADMA 28, 3 x 2 capsules daily, for 4 weeks (double-blind). Blood lipids (total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-lipoprotein A1 and B) and ex vivo lipid oxidisability were measured before and after treatment. In a subset of 24 subjects, endothelial function was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography with intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine. Isolated LDL and plasma both untreated and pre-treated with PADMA 28 extract were oxidised by the radical generator AAPH. Conjugated diene formation was measured at 245 nm. Results: Blood lipids did not change during the study in both groups. In contrast to previous reports in mild hypercholesterolaemia, no endothelial dysfunction was seen and, consequently, was not influenced by therapy. Ex vivo blood lipid oxidisability was significantly reduced with PADMA 28 (area under curve: 5.29 ± 1.62 to 4.99 ± 1.46, p = 0.01), and remained unchanged in the placebo group (5.33 ± 1.88 to 5.18 ± 1.78, p > 0.1). This effect persisted one week after cessation of medication. In vitro experiments confirmed the prevention of lipid peroxidation in the presence of PADMA 28 extracts. Persistent protection was also seen for LDL isolated from PADMA 28-pretreated blood after being subjected to rigorous purification. Conclusions: This study suggests that the inhibition of blood lipid oxidisability by PADMA 28 may play a role in its anti-atherosclerotic effect.

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The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 228-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mauro Serafini ◽

Giuseppa Morabito

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

The Body ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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