Effects of Direct Non-Thermal Plasma on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emissions in Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Dong ◽  
Yi Xi Cai ◽  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Wen He Han
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Concentrations

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has a good application prospect in diesel after-treatment field, but few studies on the effects of NTP on PAHs emissions had been carried out. In this paper, the concentrations of PAHs at different loads before and after the treatment of DNTP were studied, combined the GC/MS analysis with external standard method. The results indicate that total concentrations of PAHs were 149.46, 102.44, 107.34 and139.69μg/m-3 at 25% , 50%, 75%, 100% load, 2000r/min respectively before the treatment of DNTP and reduced to 88.96, 77.31, 88.51 and 138.22μg/m-3 after the treatment of DNTP, with the largest decline up to 40.48%. The main components of PAHs were naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, etc. Before the treatment of DNTP, the concentrations of PAHs decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of load. The average concentrations of PAHs with different rings after the treatment of DNTP were decreased by 21.2%, 22.4%, 20.5% and 6.9%.

Study dearomatization of diesel fuel under the infulence of magnetic field by IR spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150122
Author(s):  
B. G. Abdulov ◽  
A. A. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fraction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The purification process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out by extraction of diesel fraction from the primary oil refining using the effect of magnetic field. A mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone with sulfuric acid was used as an extractant. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel fraction decreased by 39.8% under normal conditions and by 50.8% under the influence of magnetic field after extraction. The samples were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy method before and after extraction. Vibartional modes corresponding to different atomic bonds have been observed. Deodorization of diesel was determined by interpreting obtained modes.

scholarly journals Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Shimazu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Experimental Room ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The present study examines the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarettes and sidestream cigarette smoke. Nine PAHs were determined in sidestream cigarette smokes for five types of cigarettes. The volume of the experimental room is approximately 66 m<sup>3</sup>. The air samples in the room were collected before and after smoking. The total PAH concentrations were approximately 1.0 ng/m<sup>3</sup> before smoking, but the median concentration and the range of PAHs were 29.1 ng/m<sup>3</sup> and from 7.62 to 57.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> after smoking. The relationship between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and total PAHs after smoking is significant and proportional. This may indicate that the SPM formation is associated with PAH formation during smoking. Furthermore, nine PAHs were determined in the cigarettes. Median PAH contents in the five brands of cigarettes ranged from 221 to 936 ng per cigarette before smoking and from 66.9 to 266 ng per cigarette after smoking. Mean PAH emissions from cigarettes while smoking ranged from 257 to 1490 ng per cigarette. The results show that PAHs in the cigarettes, and those generated during smoking, were emitted into the air.</p>

Distribution and source estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from Seto Inland Sea, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsuji ◽  
Waqar Azeem Jadoon ◽  
Yoko Nunome ◽  
Hideo Yamazaki ◽  
Satoshi Asaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Total Concentrations

Environmental contextPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic environmental contaminants that tend to migrate into the sediments in oceans and seas. Their vertical distribution in sediments from the Seto Inland Sea matched their emission over time, which in turn reflected changes in energy sources and industrial activities in Japan. This study shows that human activities on land directly and significantly influence the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments. AbstractSeventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified in sediment cores collected at several locations in the Seto Inland Sea in 2015 and 2016 to understand their spatial distribution and potential emission sources. PAHs were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The age of the sediment cores was analysed using radioisotopic dating techniques to reconstruct historical PAH emissions. The total concentrations of 17 PAHs in the sediment cores of Osaka Bay in 2015 were in the range of 108–2810ng g−1 dry weight (dw) with a mean concentration of 1050ng g−1 dw. The total concentrations of 17 PAHs in sediment cores from the Seto Inland Sea in 2016 were in the range of 52.6–941ng g−1 dw with a mean concentration of 313ng g−1 dw. The spatial distribution of PAHs showed the highest concentration in Osaka Bay and the lowest in Kii Channel in 2016. The horizontal PAH distribution showed a decreasing trend in concentrations from the estuary offshore to Osaka Bay and Aki-Nada. The vertical PAH distribution revealed that levels were higher before the 1980s–1990s, when oil consumption and industrial activities in the Osaka region reached a maximum in the 20th century. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and a principal component analysis revealed three main emission sources of PAHs, industry, biomass burning and traffic activities.

scholarly journals Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Karolina Lewińska ◽  
Elton Mammadov ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4′DDT; 4,4′DDT; 2,4′DDE; 4,4′DDE; 2,4′DDE; and 4,4′DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg−1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg−1 to 21880 mg kg−1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg−1 to 166.72 µg kg−1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg−1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg−1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

scholarly journals Application of alternating trilinear decomposition-assisted multivariate curve resolution to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric data for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 210458
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Qing ◽  
Xiaohong Zhou ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Multivariate Curve Resolution ◽  
Curve Resolution ◽  
Trilinear Decomposition ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Alternating Trilinear Decomposition

For the first time, alternating trilinear decomposition-assisted multivariate curve resolution (ATLD-MCR) was applied to analyse complex gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC-MS) data with severe baseline drifts, serious co-elution peaks and slight retention time shifts for the simultaneous identification and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols. It was also compared with the classic multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) and the GC-MS-based external standard method. In validation samples, average recoveries of five PAHs were within the range from (96.2 ± 6.8)% to (106.5 ± 4.1)% for ATLD-MCR, near to the results of MCR-ALS ((98.0 ± 1.5)% to (106.7 ± 4.3)%). In aerosol samples, the concentrations of pyrene provided by ATLD-MCR were not significantly different from those of MCR-ALS. The other four PAHs including chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene were not detected by ATLD-MCR and the GC-MS-based external standard method. The results of figures of merit further demonstrated that ATLD-MCR achieved high sensitivities (8.9 × 10 4 to 1.7 × 10 6 mAU ml µg −1 ) and low limits of detection (0.003 to 0.087 µg ml −1 ), which were better than or similar to MCR-ALS, presenting a great choice to deal with complex GC-MS data for the simultaneous determination of targeted PAHs in aerosols.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in post-fire soils of drained peatlands in western Meshchera (Moscow region, Russia)

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsibart ◽  
A. Gennadiev ◽  
T. Koshovskii ◽  
A. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
High Molecular Weight Pahs

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants that arrive in the environment from numerous anthropogenic and natural sources, but the data on their natural sources including wildfires remain insufficient. The level of contamination and the composition of PAHs in soils of the areas affected by wildfires were studied in this work. The study was conducted in the Moscow region (Russia) in areas occupied by drained peatland and strongly damaged by fires in 2002, 2010 and 2012. The features of PAH accumulation and the profile distributions in histosols and histic podzols after the fires of different times were analyzed. It was shown that new soil horizons formed after the fires – Cpir, Hpir and incipient O horizons – and that these horizons differ in PAH accumulation rate. Maximal total concentrations of 14 PAHs were detected in charred peat horizons Hpir (up to 330 ng g−1) and in post-fire incipient O horizons (up to 180 ng g−1), but the high-molecular-weight PAHs (benz(ghi)perylene, benz(a)pyrene, benz(k)fluoranthene) were revealed only in charry peat horizons. The trends of higher PAH concentrations were found in cases when smoldering combustion resulted in rather thick residual peat horizons. In cases of almost complete pyrogenic destruction of He horizons, total PAH concentrations were no more than 50 ng g−1. Also, PAH accumulation in upper horizons of soils near the sites of the latest fires was observed.

scholarly journals Presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and organisms from Tampamachoco coastal lagoon and Tuxpan River, Veracruz; México.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso V. Botello ◽  
Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez ◽  
Susana Villanueva F.
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Caranx Hippos ◽  
Total Concentrations

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and their main origin in the environment is the burning of fossil fuels and organic material and they are considered high priority Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). In the present study (March and August 2018) the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed in sediments and organisms (fish and oysters) in the estuarine-lagoon system Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, Veracruz; Mexico.The analysis of these compounds was carried out by means of gas chromatography-FID and mass spectrometry. In March (dry season) the average concentration of PAHs in sediments was 0.86 ± 0.39 μg/g and in August (rainy season) it was 1.14 ± 0.45 μg/g. During both collections, chrysene presented the highest total concentrations and a domain of the compounds with 4 benzene rings was observed, therefore, pyrolytic sources of contribution predominated. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred in 2 stations located in the Tuxpan riverbed and both exceeded the threshold concentration to cause adverse effects to the benthic community.The analysis of PAHs in organism tissues was carried out in 4 species of fish and one mollusk. In march, the species with the highest concentration was Bagre marinus with 88.87 μg/g and in august it corresponded to the Caranx hippos species with 26.82 μg/g and the compound determined with the highest presence was benzo(b)fluoranthene.Finally, the tendency of accumulation of PAHs in the evaluated matrices was: fish> sediments> mollusks.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water of Al-Kahlaa River in Missan Province, Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Salih Hassan Jazza ◽  
Abdul Hussain Y. Al-Adhub ◽  
Hamid T. Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Total Concentrations

The present study was performed to have knowledge of Polycyclic Aromatic  Hydrocarbonspollution status in water. The samples were collected during two seasons (winter and summer 2012 ,2013) from four different stations) Al-Magideh, Treatment unit, Al-Husaichi and Al-Zubair) distributed along Al-KahlaaRiver in Missan province, in addition to reference station lies on the Tigris river before  25 Km  from entering to Amara city. The concentrations of PAHs were determined in by using capillary Gas Chromatography. Results of the present  study revealed that the total concentrations of PAHs  in dissolved fraction  ranged from 0.739 ng.l-1 in Reference station to 1.974 ng.l-1 in Treatment unit during winter, and from 0.300 ng.l-1 in Reference station to 1.125 ng.l-1 in Treatment unit during summer, while in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng.g-1 dry weight in Reference station to 24.42  ng.g-1 dry weight in Treatment unit during winter, and from 4.369 ng.g-1 dry weight in Reference station to 10.545 ng.g-1 dry weight in Al-Husaich during summer. It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight, while  BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio in water ranged from 0.218 to 0.804. InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0 and 0.578,whereas Fl/Pyratio ranged between 0.150 and 2 ,this give an indication of  the origin  of PAHs compounds in water which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them  petrogenic. Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, water, pollution

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