scholarly journals Novel Insights Into Heat Tolerance Using Microbiome and Metabolomics Analyses in Dairy Cows Rumen Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichen Wang ◽  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Fanglin Pang ◽  
Zhuo Zheng ◽  
Zhanwei Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Background: Heat stress is a key issue of growing concern for livestock industry worldwide due to its negative effects not only on milk production, fertility, health, welfare, and economic returns of dairy cows, but also on the microbial communities in the rumen. However, the underlying relationship between rumen microbiome and its associated metabolism with heat tolerance in cow have not been extensively described yet. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate differential heat resistance in Holstein cows using rumen microbiome and metabolome analyses.Methods: We performed both principal component analysis and membership function analysis to select 7 heat-tolerant (HT) and 7 heat-sensitive (HS) cows. The ruminal fluid samples of two groups were collected at two hours post feeding on 7th day of heat stress period, for analyses including rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiome and nontargeted metabolomics.Results: Under heat stress conditions, the HT cows had a significantly higher propionic acid content than the HS cows; whereas measures of the respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), acetic,butyric acid and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (A:P) in the HT cows were lower compared with the HS cows. Omics sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were significantly higher in the HT than HS cows; whereas Prevotella_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Shuttleworthia were significantly higher in the HS cows compared to HT cows. Substances mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycerol, mannitol, and maltose, showed significantly higher content in the HT cows compared to that in the HS cows. Simultaneously, RR was significantly correlated with both differential microorganisms and distinct metabolites, suggesting three metabolites could be potential biomarkers for determining heat resistance that require further research.Conclusion: Overall, distinct changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolomics in the HT cows may be associated with better adaptability to heat stress. These findings suggest their use as diagnostic tools of heat tolerance in dairy cattle breeding schemes.

Cloning and function analysis of BAG family genes in wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Shiming Ge ◽  
Zhen Kang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Fuzhen Zhang ◽  
Yinzhu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Conserved Domain

By analysing the cDNA microarray of the salt tolerant mutant of wheat RH8706–49 under salinity stress, our results showed an expressed sequence tag fragment and acquired an unknown gene (designated as TaBAG) with a BAG conserved domain through electronic cloning and RT–PCR technology. The gene was registered into GenBank (No. FJ599765). After homologous alignment analysis, electronic cloning, and amplifying with RT–PCR, the other gene with a BAG conserved domain, TaBAG2, was obtained and registered into GenBank (No. GU471210). Quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that TaBAG2 expression was induced by saline and heat stress. TaBAG gene expression under salinity stress increased remarkably but showed an insignificant response to heat stress. The adversity stress detection results showed that Arabidopsis overexpressing TaBAG and TaBAG2 exhibited an obvious salt tolerance increase. Under heat stress, Arabidopsis overexpressing TaBAG2 showed increased heat tolerance; however, the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis overexpressing TaBAG did not vary significantly under heat stress. Subcellular localisation results demonstrated that TaBAGs were mainly located in the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. We applied fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid technique to prove that TaBAG2 can obviously bond with TaHsp70 and TaCaMs. After the respective mutation of aspartic acid (D) and arginine (R) at high conservation in BAG domain of TaBAG2, the bonding interaction between TaBAG2 and TaHsp70 disappeared, indicating that the two amino acids were the key loci for the interaction between TaBAG2 and TaHsp70. Heat tolerance detection results demonstrated that the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis overexpressing and cotransfected with TaBAG2 and TaHsp70 was much higher than that of Arabidopsis overexpressing TaBAG2 and Arabidopsis overexpressing TaHSP70. This finding implies that the synergistic use of TaBAG2 and TaHSP70 can improve heat tolerance of plants.

Genetic variation of rectal temperature and its relationship to milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
S Khalajzade ◽  
N Emam Jomeh ◽  
A Salehi ◽  
A Moghimi Esfandabadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milk production is significantly decreased by thermal stress. The survival and performance of an animal during heat stress periods depend on several weather factors, especially temperature and humidity. Researchers reported dramatic decreases in milk production as temperature rose above 30 degree of centigrade. Very high environmental temperature is common during the summer months in Iran. Rectal temperature is as indicator of heat tolerance and has been the most frequently used physiological variable for estimating heat tolerance in cattle. Some dairy cows are more heat tolerant and productive when subjected to heat stress. Identification and selection of heat stress resistant cattle offers the potential to increase milk yield in tropical environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance and its relationship to milk production in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran.

scholarly journals Differential Dynamics of the Ruminal Microbiome of Jersey Cows in a Heat Stress Environment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Myung-Hoo Kim ◽  
Sang-Bum Kim ◽  
Jun-Kyu Son ◽  
Ji-Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Heat Stress Resistance ◽  
Functional Gene Abundance ◽  
Jersey Cows

The microbial community within the rumen can be changed and shaped by heat stress. Accumulating data have suggested that different breeds of dairy cows have differential heat stress resistance; however, the underlying mechanism by which nonanimal factors contribute to heat stress are yet to be understood. This study is designed to determine changes in the rumen microbiome of Holstein and Jersey cows to normal and heat stress conditions. Under heat stress conditions, Holstein cows had a significantly higher respiration rate than Jersey cows. Heat stress increased the rectal temperature of Holstein but not Jersey cows. In the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Jersey cows had a significantly higher proportion of genes associated with energy metabolism in the normal condition than that with other treatments. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results identified six taxa as distinguishing taxa between normal and heat stress conditions in Holstein cows; in Jersey cows, 29 such taxa were identified. Changes in the rumen bacterial taxa were more sensitive to heat stress in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows, suggesting that the rumen mechanism is different in both breeds in adapting to heat stress. Collectively, distinct changes in rumen bacterial taxa and functional gene abundance in Jersey cows may be associated with better adaptation ability to heat stress.

scholarly journals Prepartum and Postpartum Rumen Fluid Microbiomes: Characterization and Correlation with Production Traits in Dairy Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio S. Lima ◽  
Georgios Oikonomou ◽  
Svetlana F. Lima ◽  
Marcela L. S. Bicalho ◽  
Erika K. Ganda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Miseq Platform ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACTMicrobes present in the rumen of dairy cows are essential for degradation of cellulosic and nonstructural carbohydrates of plant origin. The prepartum and postpartum diets of high-producing dairy cows are substantially different, but in what ways the rumen microbiome changes in response and how those changes may influence production traits are not well elucidated. Here, we sequenced the 16S and 18S rRNA genes using the MiSeq platform to characterize the prepartum and postpartum rumen fluid microbiomes in 115 high-producing dairy cows, including both primiparous and multiparous animals. Discriminant analysis identified differences between the microbiomes of prepartum and postpartum samples and between primiparous and multiparous cows. 18S rRNA sequencing revealed an overwhelming dominance of the protozoan class Litostomatea, with over 90% of the eukaryotic microbial population belonging to that group. Additionally, fungi were relatively more prevalent and Litostomatea relatively less prevalent in prepartum samples than in postpartum ones. The core rumen microbiome (common to all samples) consisted of 64 bacterial taxa, of which members of the genusPrevotellawere the most prevalent. The Chao1 richness index was greater for prepartum multiparous cows than for postpartum multiparous cows. Multivariable models identified bacterial taxa associated with increased or reduced milk production, and general linear models revealed that a metagenomically based prediction of productivity is highly associated with production of actual milk and milk components. In conclusion, the structure of the rumen fluid microbiome shifts between the prepartum and first-week postpartum periods, and its profile within the context of this study could be used to accurately predict production traits.

Manipulation of dietary preferences by the infusion of propionic acid into the rumen of dairy cows in different body condition

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
S. A. Francis ◽  
P. T. Doyle ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
A. R. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Initial Preference ◽  
Condition Score

An experiment using 16 cows (ranging from 11 to 127 days since the cessation of milk production) investigated how varying propionic acid concentration in rumen fluid influenced preference for chaff flavoured with either anise or vanilla. After an initial flavour preference test, cows were allocated among 4 treatments: 0, 5, 10, or 15% of daily maintenance ME requirements supplied by an intraruminal infusion of propionic acid. Cows received an infusion on alternate days in combination with a specific chaff flavour. After 10 days, each cow was offered both flavours simultaneously for 20 min and preference for the flavour associated with the infusion was calculated as the cows’ final preference for the infusion flavour (% of total DM intake) minus the initial preference for that same flavour. Concentration of propionic acid in ruminal fluid ranged between 10 and 50 mmol/L and was significantly correlated with treatment (100r 2 = 92.1). Preference for the flavour associated with elevated rumen fluid propionic acid was related to condition score (P = 0.057, 100r 2 = 23.4), liveweight (P = 0.042, 100r 2 = 26.3), and number of dry days prior to the experiment (P = 0.016, 100r 2 = 34.6). Lighter cows generally preferred the infusion flavour, and heavy cows, the alternative flavour, indicating that cows can discriminate between feeds based on rumen fluid propionic acid concentration, but preference is influenced by physiological state.

scholarly journals PSIV-10 Polymorphisms in the Prolactin and GH-IGF1 Pathways associated with a Heat Tolerance Indicator in Dairy Cows under Heat Stress in Sonora Mexico.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
G Luna-Nevárez ◽  
R Zamorano-Algandar ◽  
J Reyna-Granados ◽  
J Leyva-Corona ◽  
R Luna-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Heat Tolerance

scholarly journals Novel Insights Into Heat Tolerance Using Microbiome and Metabolomics Analyses in Dairy Cows Rumen Fluid

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Rumen Fluid

Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.

scholarly journals Genotype-by-environment interaction in Holstein heifer fertility traits using single-step genomic reaction norm models

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Shi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Brito ◽  
Aoxing Liu ◽  
Hanpeng Luo ◽  
Ziwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract Background The effect of heat stress on livestock production is a worldwide issue. Animal performance is influenced by exposure to harsh environmental conditions potentially causing genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E), especially in highproducing animals. In this context, the main objectives of this study were to (1) detect the time periods in which heifer fertility traits are more sensitive to the exposure to high environmental temperature and/or humidity, (2) investigate G × E due to heat stress in heifer fertility traits, and, (3) identify genomic regions associated with heifer fertility and heat tolerance in Holstein cattle. Results Phenotypic records for three heifer fertility traits (i.e., age at first calving, interval from first to last service, and conception rate at the first service) were collected, from 2005 to 2018, for 56,998 Holstein heifers raised in 15 herds in the Beijing area (China). By integrating environmental data, including hourly air temperature and relative humidity, the critical periods in which the heifers are more sensitive to heat stress were located in more than 30 days before the first service for age at first calving and interval from first to last service, or 10 days before and less than 60 days after the first service for conception rate. Using reaction norm models, significant G × E was detected for all three traits regarding both environmental gradients, proportion of days exceeding heat threshold, and minimum temperature-humidity index. Through single-step genome-wide association studies, PLAG1, AMHR2, SP1, KRT8, KRT18, MLH1, and EOMES were suggested as candidate genes for heifer fertility. The genes HCRTR1, AGRP, PC, and GUCY1B1 are strong candidates for association with heat tolerance. Conclusions The critical periods in which the reproductive performance of heifers is more sensitive to heat stress are trait-dependent. Thus, detailed analysis should be conducted to determine this particular period for other fertility traits. The considerable magnitude of G × E and sire re-ranking indicates the necessity to consider G × E in dairy cattle breeding schemes. This will enable selection of more heat-tolerant animals with high reproductive efficiency under harsh climatic conditions. Lastly, the candidate genes identified to be linked with response to heat stress provide a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in dairy cattle.

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