scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors and clinical indicators in bloodstream infections among patients with hematological malignancy : a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Ma ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Jinfeng Bao ◽  
Chengbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background: The incidence of bloodstream infection caused by bacteremia is more common in patients with hematological malignancy. It is important to distinguish infectious episodes from non-infectious episodes. The present study was aimed to describe epidemiology and clinical indexes for in-hospital infection of hematological malignancy patients.Methods: Single-center retrospective research was performed on hematological malignancy patients admitted to our hospital from July 2015 to March 2018. Laboratory and clinical information from 322 febrile patients were acquired. These episodes were divided by blood culture results into two groups: (1) blood culture positive group, (2) blood culture negative group.Results: In the 322 febrile cases, 81 (25.2%) patients were blood culture positive, and among them, Gram-negative bacteria (51.9%) were more isolated than Gram-positive bacteria (32.1%) and fungi (7.4%). Gram-negative bacteria were more likely to have a drug resistance than Gram-positive bacteria. Independent risk factors revealed that patients with complications, high levels of procalcitonin (PCT), glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and d-dimer (D-D), and low concentration of albumin were correlated with occurrence of infection. PCT, IL-6 and D-D performed well in differentiating not only the infection group from the non-infection group, but also in the Gram-negative group from the Gram-positive group with the areas under the curve all above 0.75.Conclusions: We analyzed the risk factors for bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancy, the distribution of bacteria, antibiotics resistance and the changes of clinical parameters. This single-center retrospective study may provide clinicians insight to the diagnosis and treatment of infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Verigene Blood Culture Test Systems for Rapid Identification of Positive Blood Cultures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Seok Kim ◽  
Go-Eun Kang ◽  
Han-Sung Kim ◽  
Hyun Soo Kim ◽  
Wonkeun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The performance of molecular tests using the Verigene Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Blood Culture nucleic acid tests (BC-GP and BC-GN, resp.; Naosphere, Northbrook, IL, USA) was evaluated for the identification of microorganisms detected from blood cultures. Ninety-nine blood cultures containing Gram-positive bacteria and 150 containing Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed using the BC-GP and BC-GN assays, respectively. Blood cultures were performed using the Bactec blood culture system (BD Diagnostic Systems, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and conventional identification and antibiotic-susceptibility tests were performed using a MicroScan system (Siemens, West Sacramento, CA, USA). When a single strain of bacteria was isolated from the blood culture, Verigene assays correctly identified 97.9% (94/96) of Gram-positive bacteria and 93.8% (137/146) of Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance genesmecAandvanAwere correctly detected by the BC-GP assay, while the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase CTX-M and the carbapenemase OXA resistance gene were detected from 30 cases cultures by the BC-GN assay. The BC-GP and BC-GN assays showed high agreement with conventional identification and susceptibility tests. These tests are useful for rapid identification of microorganisms and the detection of clinically important resistance genes from positive Bactec blood cultures.

scholarly journals Incidence of secondary blood stream infections in Covid 19 (SARS-nCoV II.) patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Asmabanu Shaikh ◽  
Rachana Patel ◽  
Anant Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The symptomatology and severity of covid-19 ranges widely depending on stage of infection. Most of the patients with mild to moderate disease can be managed without hospitalization. The patients with risk factors are likely to progress to severe disease. Patients developing secondary blood stream infections require longer hospital stay and are likely to develop fatal disease. The antibiotic selection is key to successful treatment of secondary BSI. This is cross-sectional study of 166 COVID 19 patients admitted to ICU of Parul Sevashram Hospital who developed sepsis like syndrome and were subjected to blood culture.Blood cultures were performed of all the patients developing sepsis like syndrome. IDSA guidelines were followed during blood collection for culture. Blood cultures were monitored on automated blood culture system. ID and susceptibility of all the isolates were performed on automated system (VITEK 2).A total of 1915 patients were reported RT-PCR positive for SARS nCoV2 during the period of 1st March2020 to 30 October 2020. 452 patients needed hospitalization based on their Oxygen saturation and co-morbidities. Out of 452, 166 patients developed sepsis like syndrome and were subjected to blood culture. The Blood culture positivity was 37/166 (22.28%). Gram positive bacteria were found in 48.64% while gram negative bacteria were 43.24%. The Enterococcus was the most common Gram positive bacterial isolates in patients. Candida was isolated in 2/37 positive blood cultures. Gram negative bacteria were isolated mostly amongst those patients who were on Ventilator. Most of the Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Clindamycin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, Daptomycin and Teicoplanin.The incidence rate of BSI was high. Early secondary blood stream infections were mostly endogenous. Enterococcus was the most common amongst Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative secondary bacterial infections were more common with patients on ventilator. The susceptibility pattern would help in decision making of empiric antibiotic therapy. Interestingly as described by some authors earlier the relationship between SARS nCoV 2 and Enterococci needs to be studied further.

scholarly journals Organism Specific Response of Platelet Count in Neonatal Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Raha ◽  
Md Abdul Baki ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Nazmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Fungal Sepsis ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries and it is caused by Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Thrombocytopenia has been used as an early but nonspecific marker for sepsis. About 75% of culture positive neonates have thrombocytopenia. The severity and duration of thrombocytopenia varies in different types of organism. So, the objectives of this study were to examine platelet counts and platelet indices in neonates with culture proven sepsis and to determine if there was an organism specific platelet response.Methods: This cross- sectional prospective study was carried out in the special care baby unit (SCABU) under department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from November 2008 to September 2009.Results: Total 120 newborn babies with culture positive sepsis were included in this study. Gram positive bacteria was found in 06 (5%), Gram negative bacteria was found in 58(48.3%) and fungi was found in 56 (46.7%) neonates. Thrombocytopenia was found in 95% of culture positive neonates. When compared with neonates with Gram positive sepsis, those with Gram-negative or fungal sepsis had a significantly lower platelet count, platelet nadir and prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia (p=<0.05). Fungal sepsis was also associated with prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia when compared with that of Gram negative sepsis (p=0.03).Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis is frequently associated with thrombocytopenia. However, Gram negative and fungal sepsis is associated with a lower platelet count, platelet nadir and prolonged duration of thrombocytopenia compared with that of Gram positive sepsis.Birdem Med J 2014; 4(2): 79-83

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Pathogens Distribution, Antibiotic Susceptibility and the Risk Factors for Mortality of Patients With Central Nervous System Infections: a Retrospective Study From 2012 to 2019 in a Teaching Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Jianbang Kang ◽  
Surong Duan ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cns Infections

Abstract Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are relatively rare but associated with high mortality worldwide. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial for the prognosis of patients with CNS infections, which should be based on the knowledge of pathogens distribution and antibiotic sensitivities. China is a vast country, and the pathogens distribution varies nationwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of pathogens in patients with CNS infections in north China and we tried to evaluate the risk factors for mortality.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture in a teaching hospital between January 2012 and December 2019. The following information were collected: demographic characteristics, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility results. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality.Results: In this eight-year retrospective study, a total of 72 patients were diagnosed with CNS infections and 86 isolates were identified. Among all the microorganisms detected, Gram-positive strains consisted of 59.3%, Gram-negative bacteria of 30.2% and fungi of 10.5%. The predominant Gram-positive isolate was coagulase-negative staphylococci. Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were the common Gram-negative strains. Compared to 2012-2015 years, the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria increased markedly during 2016-2019 years. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid were still 100% sensitive to Gram-positive bacteria. For the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, only tigecycline was the 100% sensitive antibiotics. The mortality of the 72 patients was 30.6%. In the multivariate analysis, age >50 years, combined pulmonary infection and CSF glucose < normal value were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions: CNS infections cause high mortality worldwide. Although Gram-positive bacteria are still the primary pathogen of CNS infections, Gram-negative bacteria had increased in recent years and should be considered in the choice of empirical antibiotic treatment. Special attention should be given to older patients and those combined pulmonary infection and with low CSF glucose level.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, pathogens  distribution, antibiotic susceptibility and the risk factors for mortality of patients with central nervous system infections: a retrospective study from 2012 to 2019 in a teaching hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Jianbang Kang ◽  
Surong Duan ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cns Infections

Abstract Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are relatively rare but associated with high mortality worldwide. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial for the prognosis of patients with CNS infections, which should be based on the knowledge of pathogens distribution and antibiotic sensitivities. China is a vast country, and the pathogens distribution varies nationwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of pathogens in patients with CNS infections in north China and we tried to evaluate the risk factors for mortality.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture in a teaching hospital between January 2012 and December 2019. The following information were collected: demographic characteristics, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility results. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality.Results: In this eight-year retrospective study, a total of 72 patients were diagnosed with CNS infections and 86 isolates were identified. Among all the microorganisms detected, Gram-positive strains consisted of 59.3%, Gram-negative bacteria of 30.2% and fungi of 10.5%. The predominant Gram-positive isolate was coagulase-negative staphylococci. Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were the common Gram-negative strains. Compared to 2012-2015 years, the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria increased markedly during 2016-2019 years. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid were still 100% sensitive to Gram-positive bacteria. For the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, only tigecycline was the 100% sensitive antibiotics. The mortality of the 72 patients was 30.6%. In the multivariate analysis, age >50 years, combined pulmonary infection and CSF glucose < normal value were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions: CNS infections cause high mortality worldwide. Although Gram-positive bacteria are still the primary pathogen of CNS infections, Gram-negative bacteria had increased in recent years and should be considered in the choice of empirical antibiotic treatment. Special attention should be given to older patients and those combined pulmonary infection and with low CSF glucose level.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Time to Positivity Blood Culture and Procalcitonin on Bacteremia Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Nelly Elfrida Samosir ◽  
Ricke Loesnihari ◽  
Adi Koesoema Aman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Time To Positivity ◽  
Clinical Conditions

IntroductionBacteremia causes a high mortality rate. Detection of bacteremia is needed as quickly as possible. The gold standard for bacteremia is blood culture which takes between 24-48 hours. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a marker of infection that is caused by bacteria that can be detected quickly in 2-6 hours. Time to positivity (TTP) blood culture is affected by the initial amount of bacteria and the addition of procalcitonin stimulated by bacteria that causes bacteremia where short TTP and high PCT show bad clinical conditions. Materials and MethodsAnalitical cross sectional research on patients with bacteremia. Fourty six bacteremia cases become the sample of research. Time to Positivity is calculated with Bactec 9050 and Procalcitonin is analyzed with mini VIDAS B.R.A.H.M.S. Examination is conducted in Department of Clinical Pathology FK-USU/ Installation of Clinical Pathology of RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan, June – October 2016. ResultsThere was significant correlation between Time to Positivity blood culture and procalcitonin on bacteremia patients (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between Time to Positivity and procalcitonin on bacteremia which was caused by gram-positive bacteria or gram-negative bacteria (p>0.05). Procalcitonin was significantly higher on bacteremia which was caused by gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria (p<0.05). ConclusionThere was significant correlation between Time to Positivity blood culture and procalcitonin on bacteremia patients. Significantly higher levels of procalcitonin in cases of bacteremia are more likely to be caused by Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

BAKTERI PADA KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN BUNAKEN, MOROTAI DAN RAJA AMPAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Eghbert Eghbert Elvan Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽  
Iis Iis Triyulianti ◽  
Nuryani Widagti ◽  
Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽  
Yuli Pancawati
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The method used for field sampling is time swim, which is by diving at a depth of 5-10 meters for ± 30 minutes and randomly taking samples of coral mucus using siring or by taking directly on corals (reef branching). Mucus samples were analyzed by bacterial isolation in the laboratory. The result shows that there were differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the three research sites and that gram-positive bacteria were higher or dominant. Further research that can identify the bacteria species and explain its relationship to the ecosystem is highly recommended.Keywords: Bacteria, Scleractinian coral, gram-positive and -negative, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat  AbstrakPenelitian tentang karang keras (Scleractinian coral) yang terkontaminasi bakteri masih belum banyak dilakukan, terutama di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel mucus karang pada tahun 2010 di 3 (tiga) lokasi berbeda, yakni Bunaken (Mei); Morotai (September) dan Raja Ampat (November), yang difokuskan pada analisis bakteri gram postif dan gram negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel di lapangan adalah time swim, yaitu dengan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5-10 meter selama ±30 menit dan mengambil sampel mucus karang secara acak menggunakan siring atau dengan mengambil langsung pada karang (fraksi cabang). Sampel mucus dianalisis dengan cara isolasi bakteri di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara bakteri gram positif dan gram negative di tiga lokasi survei dan bakteri gram positif lebih tinggi atau dominan. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menentukan jenis bakteri serta menjelaskan hubungannya dengan ekosistem sangat disarankan untuk dilakukan.Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Scleractinian coral, gram positif dan negatif, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat

scholarly journals N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Bioimaging Agents

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Shih-Fu Ou ◽  
Ya-Yun Zheng ◽  
Sin-Jen Lee ◽  
Shyi-Tien Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Graphene quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence characteristics, are advantageous for use in biological systems owing to their small size, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. We used the hydrothermal method to prepare functional N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and analyzed their ability to fluorescently stain various bacteria. Our results showed that N-CQDs stain the cell septa and membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The optimal concentration of N-CQDs was approximately 500 ppm for Gram-negative bacteria and 1000 ppm for Gram-positive bacteria, and the exposure times varied with bacteria. N-Doped carbon quantum dots have better light stability and higher photobleaching resistance than the commercially available FM4-64. When excited at two different wavelengths, N-CQDs can emit light of both red and green wavelengths, making them ideal for bioimaging. They can also specifically stain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes. We developed an inexpensive, relatively easy, and bio-friendly method to synthesize an N-CQD composite. Additionally, they can serve as a universal bacterial membrane-staining dye, with better photobleaching resistance than commercial dyes.

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