Simultaneous Determination of Cis- and Trans-Palmitoleic acid in Rat Serum by LC-ESI-MS/MS

Abstract Background: Cis-palmitoleic acid (cPOA) and trans-palmitoleic acid (tPOA) are isomers of palmitoleic acid, which are monounsaturated fatty acids, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and reducing insulin resistance. tPOA was better than cPOA in regulating lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia mice, but the metabolic transformation and structure-activity relationship haven’t been reported. Method: A precise and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to determine cPOA and tPOA simultaneously. cPOA and tPOA were administered i.g. (intragastric gavage) to rats at 75 mg/kg respectively, serum samples were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS on a reverse-phase BDS C18 column equilibrated and eluted with acetonitrile (A) and water (B) (A:B = 80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results: The calibration curves for cPOA and tPOA were linear over the range 0.1~12 μg/mL. Analytes were monitored by selected-reaction monitoring in negative electrospray ionization mode. The Tmax of cPOA was 0.94±0.44 h and the Cmax 8.17±1.97 μg/L, and the Tmax of tPOA was 1.50±0.98 h and the Cmax 14.77±11.91 μg/L. AUC0-24h of cPOA and tPOA were 59.45±29.83 and 113.88±72.25 mg/L*h.Conclusions: The method was applied in pharmacokinetic study of cPOA and tPOA successfully. Besides, it’s found the concentration of cPOA and tPOA fluctuated in serum of rats with the consistent trend, which may be reciprocal bio-convert in biological activity in the body.

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Attribution and identification of absorbed components by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS after oral administration of Erhuang decoction

Journal of Analytical Science & Technology ◽

10.1186/s40543-020-00236-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinglong Wang ◽

Dandan Zheng ◽

Nan Xu ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

Yingzi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Original Form ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Esi Ms

AbstractTo realize the attribution and identification of absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction prepared by semi-bionic enzyme extraction method, the fingerprints of serum samples were established using a HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method. Thirty-two peaks in Erhuang decoction and 24 peaks in rat serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction were detected. Among the 24 peaks detected in rat serum, 25 compounds were identified by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds, or by mass spectrometry analysis and retrieving the reference literatures. Among the identified 25 compounds in vivo, 24 were the original form of compounds absorbed from the detected compounds in vitro, and one was the metabolite compounds of licorice. By analyzing the mass spectrometry or ultraviolet absorption characteristics, other unidentified compounds in vivo were deduced to be the endogenous metabolites in serum or the original form and metabolites of the compounds existed in vivo. Results indicated that HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS is suitable for identifying the bioactive constituents in serum after oral administration of Erhuang decoction, and the findings would be beneficial to further research and development of the pharmacodynamic substance base of Erhuang decoction.

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The Liver as an Endocrine Organ—Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance

Endocrine Reviews ◽

10.1210/er.2019-00034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1367-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Matthew J Watt ◽

Paula M Miotto ◽

William De Nardo ◽

Magdalene K Montgomery

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Liver Disorder ◽

The Body ◽

Limited Information ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Induce Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Physiological Processes

AbstractThe liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Through the use of advanced mass spectrometry “omics” approaches and detailed experimentation in cells, mice, and humans, we now understand that the liver secretes a wide array of proteins, metabolites, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and that many of these secreted factors exert powerful effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving field of “hepatokine” biology with a particular focus on delineating previously unappreciated communication between the liver and other tissues in the body. We describe the NAFLD-induced changes in secretion of liver proteins, lipids, other metabolites, and miRNAs, and how these molecules alter metabolism in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to induce insulin resistance. We also synthesize the limited information that indicates that extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may be an important mechanism for intertissue communication in normal physiology and in promoting metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD.

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The Aqueous Extract of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8686297 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jinnan Li ◽

Jinlei Feng ◽

Hong Wei ◽

Qunying Liu ◽

Ting Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Water Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia caused by impaired insulin secretion and resistance of the peripheral tissues. A major pathogenesis of T2DM is obesity-associated insulin resistance. Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. (GD) is a natural plant and has been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects on both animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of GD improving glucose and lipid metabolism in an obesity animal model induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet in combination with low dose of streptozocin and an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by dexamethasone. The study showed that the water extract of GD (GD extract A) could significantly reduce fasting serum glucose, reverse dyslipidemia and pancreatic damage, and regulate the body weight of mice. We also found that GD extract A had low toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, GD extract A may increase glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, markedly inhibit NF-κB activation, and decrease the impairment in signaling molecules of insulin pathway, such as IRS-1, AKT, and GLUT1. Overall, the results indicate that GD extract A is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

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Uteroplacental Insufficiency after Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation in the Rat: Impact on Postnatal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Evidence for Metabolic Programming of the Offspring by Sham Operation

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2007-0891 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 149 (3) ◽

pp. 1056-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Kai-Dietrich Nüsken ◽

Jörg Dötsch ◽

Manfred Rauh ◽

Wolfgang Rascher ◽

Holm Schneider

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Food Intake ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

The Body ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Ligation of the uterine arteries (LIG) in rats serves as a model of intrauterine growth restriction and subsequent developmental programming of impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and adiposity in the offspring. Its impact on lipid metabolism has been less well investigated. We compared parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and glucocorticoid levels in the offspring of dams that underwent either LIG or sham operation (SOP) with those of untreated controls. Blood parameters including insulin, leptin, and visfatin as well as body weight, food intake, and creatinine clearance were recorded up to an age of 30 wk. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and both leptin and visfatin expression in liver, muscle, and epididymal and mesenteric fat was quantified by RT-PCR. After catch-up growth, weight gain of all groups was similar, despite lower food intake of the LIG rats. LIG offspring showed impaired glucose tolerance from the age of 15 wk as well as elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and corticosterone levels. However, the body fat content of both LIG and SOP animals increased relative to controls, and both showed elevated triglyceride, total cholesterol, and leptin levels as well as a reduced proportion of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thus, use of the LIG model requires both SOP and untreated controls. Although only LIG is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, pathogenic programming of the lipid metabolism can also be induced by SOP. Visfatin does not appear to be involved in the disturbed glucose metabolism after intrauterine growth restriction and may represent only a marker of fat accumulation.

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FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-17-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. R67-R79 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Sojin Lee ◽

H Henry Dong

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Target Genes ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Neurodegeneration Disease

The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA-binding domain, known as ‘forkhead box’ domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here, we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.

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