scholarly journals Mapping of Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples of Kufa Districts, Iraq Using GIS Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna A. Alasadi ◽  
Ali Abid Abojassim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radiological Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
Potassium 40 ◽  
Thorium 232

Abstract The aim from this work is to detect and draw the natural radioactivity of (uranium-238, thorium-232 and potassium-40) levels in soil samples that taken from Kufa districts, Najaf governorate, Iraq. The detection system used in study is NaI (Tl) with "3x3" dimension, while maps were drawn by geographic information system (GIS). Some radiological parameters were calculated depending on measuring of specific activity for 238U, 232Th, and 40K. The results of the average value with standard error in all samples of the present study for 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 235U were 6.2±0.74, 6.41±0.82, 278.10±19.43, and 0.28±0.03 Bq/kg, respectively. The specific activity of Uranium-238, Thourium-232, poasium-40 and Uranium-235 found in all soil samples were within the safety limit reported by UNSCEAR, except three samples have poasium-40 higher than safety limit. Also, the results of radiological parameters were all found to be below OECD, UNSCEAR safety limit. Generally, the average of specific activity in soil collected arranged of potassium-40 > thorium-232 > uranium-238. Mapping GIS for natural radioactivity and some radiological parameters were successfully draw for the study area. Finally, natural radioactivity and radiological parameters for soil samples at Kufa districts were safety.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity Levels in Soil Samples of AL- Sadr and AL-Forat AL-Aosat Hospitals in Najaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radiation Risks ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

This work was undertaken with the purpose of measuring natural radioactivity, due to 238U, 232Th and 40K in 30 soil samples collected from two hospitals in the governorate of (AL-Najaf), in Iraq. The samples were distributed (15) samples per hospital, and Radiation risks were also calculated for all soil samples. The natural radioactivity was measured using NaI (Tl) detector, the results of the specific activity at the Al Sadr Hospital were 238U ranged from (5.89±0.36 to 21.38±0.69) (Bq/kg) with average value 12.60±0.51 (Bq/kg). 232Th from (0.44±0.06 to 14.67±0.37) (Bq/kg) with average value (4.46±0.19) (Bq/kg), and 40K from (252.14±2.54 to 478.24±3.50) (Bq/kg) with average value (346.95±289) (Bq/kg). AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital results were 238U ranged from (0.69±0.12 to 27.63±0.74) (Bq/kg) with average value (12.84±0.51) (Bq/kg), 232Th from (1.47±0.11 to 9.3±0.31 (Bq/kg) with average value 6.19±0.24 (Bq/kg), and 40K from (192.88±2.27 to 338.52±3.08) (Bq/kg) with average value (254.29±2.54) (Bq/kg). The radiation risks calculated, Radium Equivalent (Raeq), external Hazard index (Hex), absorbed dose rate (ADr), total Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE), and the Excess Life Cancer Risk (ELCR). The results were for Al Sadr Hospital (45.7063(Bq/kg), 0.1234, 23.0648(nGy/h), 0.0283(mSV/y), 1.247439702×10-3) respectively. For AL-Forat AL-Aosat hospital were (41.2655 (Bq/kg), 0.111, 20.3772 (nGy/h), 0.0250(mSV/y)`, 1.102083688×10-3) respectively. The results in the two hospitals were compared with the global allowable values ratio within the permissible ranges specified by UNSCER, OCDE, and ICRP; we concluded that all the sites in this study are safe.

scholarly journals Using Gamma Spectroscopy to Calculate Radioactive Contaminants in Foreign and Local Tobacco Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Mkhaiber ◽  
Auday T. Al-Bayati ◽  
Enas A. Jawad ◽  
Khalid H. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potassium 40 ◽  
Thorium 232

The normal radioactivity levels of Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassium-40 were calculated for ten types of foreign and local cigarettes available on the Iraqi market using a gamma-ray spectroscopy technique employing the germanium detector system. The results of this study showed that the average specific activity for each of Uranium-238, Thorium-232 and Potassium-40 were 21.689± 4.596, 18.906 ± 4.148, and 430.094 ± 19.449 (Bq/Kg) respectively. The annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity and excess lifetime cancer risk for the studied samples were also calculated, and their rates were 11.582 μsv/y, 81.841 Bq/Kg, and 40.538 people per million per year respectively. The outcomes indicate that the rate of concentration of uranium and thorium is lower than the permissible values, whereas the average concentration of potassium was slightly higher than the permissible values. This research is important because it warns against several types of cigarettes that contain high concentrations of radionuclides, which can lead to infection cancer and then lead to the death of the person who has used it profusely. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the radiological risks of radionuclides in tobacco cigarette smoke by evaluating their natural radionuclide concentrations.

Comparing of the Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples of University at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen Sites of Kerbala, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract: Radioactivity must be studied in soil to see the changes in the doses of human exposure. In this study, natural radioactivity and radiological hazard indices in soil samples of the Faculty of Agriculture (Al-Husseineya site) and the Faculty of Medicine (Al-Mothafeen site) in Kerbala Governorate were determined using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the mean values of specific activity (in units of Bq/kg) and standard errors of: 238U, 232Th and 40K at Al-Husseineya site was 21.7±7.2, 9.43±3.2 and 335.8±82.2, respectively, while at Al-Mothafeen site, the mean values and standard errors were 22.4±8.8, 11.2±3.3 and 333.1±70.7, respectively. Radiation maps of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen sites were mapped using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Moreover, most results in the present study fall within the acceptable levels, as defined by OCDE, UNSCEAR and ICRP. Therefore, there is no significant radiological hazard at the sites which were studied. Keywords: Radiological hazard, Natural radioactivity, Soil, NaI (Tl), Gamma-ray, Karbela University.

scholarly journals Determination of radioactive concentrations in Tigris river soil samples in Baghdad province

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Riyad Faker Jabil
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In this study, the amounts of activity concentrations of naturally occurring in 10 soil samples of the Tigris river and surrounding areas collected from deferent city of Baghdad have been investigated. Tigris river is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in Iraq. This study was done during 2018 in Protection Center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment using a high purity germanium detector. The resolution of (HPGe) at 2keV and 30% efficiency. The results of soil sample obtained showed that the effective activity concentration of 40K are ranged from 181.4 Bq/kg in sample S6 to 286.4 Bq/kg in S7. For Raeq values are ranged from 6 Bq/m3 in sample S5 to 17 Bq/m3 in sample S3. The obtained data revealed that the mean specific activity for 226Ra, 228Ac and 40k in these samples were less than World average. The artificial radionuclide represented by 137Cs was observed in some samples and vary from minimum value of detector ˂MDA to 7.5Bq/kg in sample S9 with an average value 3.842857 Bq/kg. Area around the site may attributed to the nuclear activities of this site or may be due to the nuclear accident (Chernobyl Catastrophe) which have been spread throughout a large area of the world including the samples locations were collecting.

scholarly journals Assessment of radionuclide contamination of plant resources of the Voronezh region by example of leaves of winter linden tree

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Core ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Potassium 40 ◽  
Thorium 232

As part of the study, the activity of artificial and natural radionuclides (strontium-90, cesium-137, potassium-40, thorium-232, radium-226) was determined in 36 samples of medicinal plant raw materials of the core and upper soil layers on which the plants were grown. All samples meet the existing requirements of regulatory documentation on radionuclide activity. The average value of the strontium-90 accumulation coefficient was 0.39, in different samples of the region it varied from 0.31 to 0.60. Cesium-137 accumulation coefficients ranged from 0.29 to 0.65 at an average of 0.39. For thorium-232, the average accumulation coefficient in the core lip flowers is 0.15 and took values in the samples studied from 0.09 to 0.231. For potassium-40, the average accumulation ratio in the feed was 0.98 and varied from 0.71 to 1.29, and for radium-226 - 0.47, with a variation from 0.39 to 0.59.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity in Selected Soil Samples from the Archaeological of Ur City in Dhi-Qar Province, Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Tarik Al-Alawy ◽  
Monar Deya Salim
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values

The specific activity of natural radionuclides in 24 soil samples collected from antiquities area of Ur city in Dhi-Qar province (31.0459863N, 46.2534257E) in southern Iraq have been studied and evaluated. Experimental results were obtained by using a Gamma ray spectrometer analysis system consists of a scintillation detector Sodium Iodide activated by Thallium NaI(Tl) of (3"×3") crystal dimension at the laboratory of radiation detection and measurement in Science Collage, University of Kufa. The spectrometer has been calibrated for energy by acquiring a spectrum from four standard sources of gamma radiations supplied by spectrum techniques (LLC). The measuring time of all soil samples is 18000 seconds; it was found that, the soil specific activity ranges from 29.93±2.97 to 9.99±2.56Bq/kg for 238U, from 25.66±2.55 to 7.77±2.24Bq/kg for 232Th and from 397.38±12.06 to 215.75±8.91Bq/kg for 40K, with mean values of 17.9±3.02Bq/kg, 13.66±2.41Bq/kg and 314.62±11.3Bq/kg, respectively. The results have been compared with the acceptable data of the worldwide literatures. In order to evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the gamma absorbed dose rate (AD), the annual effective dose rate and the both (external and internal) hazard index have been calculated and compared with the acceptable values of the worldwide average (UNSCEAR 2000).

The Natural Radioactivity in Food: A Comparison Between Different Feeding Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Santina Marguccio ◽  
Alberto Belvedere ◽  
Maurizio D`Agostino ◽  
Giovanna Belmusto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Dose Levels

Background: In this article a comprehensive study was carried out for the determination of natural radioactivity in animal and vegetable food (meat, fish, milk and derivates, legumes, cereals and derivates, fruit, hortalizas, vegetables, vegetable oils) typical of different feeding regimes, for the age category higher than 17 years. Methods: A total of eighty-five samples of Italian origin, coming from large retailers during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, were analyzed through HPGe gamma spectrometry. Results: The specific activity of 40K was investigated and its mean value was found to be: (106.3 ± 6.9) Bq/kg for bovine, swine and sheep meat; (116.5 ± 9.7) Bq/kg for fish; (52.9 ± 3.1) Bq/kg for milk and derivates; (271.9 ± 16.7) Bq/kg for legumes; (67.2 ± 4.7) Bq/kg for cereals and derivates; (52.7 ± 4.4) Bq/kg for fruit; (72.9 ± 5.6) Bq/kg for hortalizas; (83.9 ± 6.5) Bq/kg for vegetables; lower than the minimum detectable activity for vegetable oils. For animal food the highest mean 40K activity concentration was found in fish samples; for vegetable food the highest one was detected in legumes. Conclusion: The evaluation of dose levels due to the food ingestion typical of Mediterranean, Vegetarian and Vegan diets was performed. The annual effective dose was found to be 0.16 mSv/y, 0.41 mSv/y and 0.54 mSv/y, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 40K levels in soil using gamma spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Araújo dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Jorge João Ricardo Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Cleomacio Miguel da Silva ◽  
Suêldo Vita Silveira ◽  
Romilton dos Santos Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Potassium 40

Potassium-40 was determined in soil in an area with 40,000 m² situated in the western State of Pernambuco, Brazil. For radiometric measurements, the gamma spectrometry method with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used. Sampling of 78 soil samples has been performed at intervals of 25 m. The specific activities of 40K were calculated based on the photopeak of 1.46 MeV. Values from 541 to 3,572 Bq kg-1 were obtained (mean of 1,827 Bq kg-1). These values allowed the determination of the elemental concentrations as well as the absorbed dose rates in air, 1 m above the ground. The values varied from 1.7 to 11.5% (mean of 6%) and from 23.4 to 154.3 nGy h-1 (mean of 79 nGy h-1), respectively.

Rates of de novo Synthesis of Malate Synthase and Albumins during the Very Early Phase of Germination

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Köller ◽  
Helmut Kindl
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Large Pool

Abstract Malate synthase is synthesized de novo in the very early phase of germination. Its molecular and immunological properties do not differ from those of malate synthase from fully developed cotyledons. Radioactive leucine was administered to dry seeds of cucumber, and its incorporation into proteins of cotyledons was examined after 2 days of germination. The specific radioactivity of malate synthase, purified by immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, was only 1/20 the average value of the total albumin fraction. The minimal incorporation documented by the comparatively low specific activity of isolated malate synthase is discussed in relation to the large pool of malate synthase already present in dry seeds.

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