scholarly journals Analysis of Watershed Characteristics and Spatial Soil Loss Estimation: A case Fincha Watershed, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seifu Kebede Debela ◽  
Fekadu Fufa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Watershed Characteristics ◽  
Grass Land ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
Land Water

Abstract Characteristics of watershed were not well investigated as global also in Fincha, Ethiopia. Fincha watershed is the most erosion prone area in the highlands of Ethiopia towards to Fincha dam.Therefore, the aim of this study was toanalysisFincha watershed characteristics based on land use/cover, soil type and slope classification and to identify soil erosionpronearea using Arc-GIS and Arc-SWAT model.Accordingly, nine major land use/covers were identified. Those were:- bush land, dominantly cultivated, moderately cultivated, irrigated land, grass land, water bodies, swamp area, urban and woodland open. From these most part of the catchment was under cultivation with 67.677% of the total area. In the same way, the major soil types identified were: - chromic luvisols, chromic vertisols, dystric cambisols, eutric cambisols, eutric nitosols, eutric regosols, haplic phaeozems, humic cambisols and water. Cambisols were covered the highest percentage, 39.98% area of the catchment.Subsequently, average annual values of estimated soil lossfrom the catchment was231.2 ton/ha.The identified prone erosion areas were sub-basins 1, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20. It was very critical for environmentalists, hydrologists, agricultural experts, watershed managements and concerned decision makers for sustainable water resource projects and environmental protection system. Therefore, further detail investigation and appropriate watershed management practices should be given for these subbasins.

scholarly journals Gender, Educational Attainment, and Farm Outcomes in New Zealand

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Best Management ◽  
And Gender

Empirical studies of farm outcomes that rely on survey data often find important roles for education and gender. However, relatively few studies consider either field of study or gender of the decision maker (as opposed to gender of the survey respondent). This paper evaluates how the field of education and gender of decision makers correlate with profitability, farm management, future intentions, risk and norms, and adoption of novel technologies in New Zealand, explicitly accounting for the fact that many farming households make decisions jointly. Findings show that post-secondary education in a relevant field is a strong predictor of farm outcomes such as adoption of best management practices, plans to convert or intensify land use, risk tolerance, and adoption of novel technologies. Male sole decision makers (vis-à-vis joint decision makers) are more likely to have adopted best management practices and to have greater risk tolerance while female sole decision makers have adopted fewer novel technologies. These results have important implications for policy makers and extension officers who wish to encourage the uptake of best management practices and who wish to better understand future land-use change.

scholarly journals GIBSI: an integrated modelling system for watershed management – sample applications and current developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1785-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Quilbé ◽  
A. N. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Integrated Watershed Management

Abstract. Hydrological and pollutant fate models have long been developed for research purposes. Today, they find an application in integrated watershed management, as decision support systems (DSS). GIBSI is such a DSS designed to assist stakeholders in watershed management. It includes a watershed database coupled to a GIS and accessible through a user-friendly interface, as well as modelling tools that simulate, on a daily time step, hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, runoff, soil erosion, agricultural pollutant transport and surface water quality. Therefore, GIBSI can be used to assess a priori the effect of management scenarios (reservoirs, land use, waste water effluents, diffuse sources of pollution that is agricultural pollution) on surface hydrology and water quality. For illustration purposes, this paper presents several management-oriented applications using GIBSI on the 6680 km2 Chaudière River watershed, located near Quebec City (Canada). They include impact assessments of: (i) municipal clean water program; (ii) agricultural nutrient management scenarios; (iii) past and future land use changes, as well as (iv) determination of achievable performance standards of pesticides management practices. Current and future developments of GIBSI are also presented as these will extend current uses of this tool and make it useable and applicable by stakeholders on other watersheds. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes some of the challenges that remain for a better use of DSS in integrated watershed management.

Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Use/Cover Change in Hebei Bohai Rim for Recent 40 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 4002-4008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Mei Chen Fu ◽  
Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Grass Land ◽  
Transfer Direction ◽  
Land Water

Based on the remote sensing image data of 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2008, the transfer matrix of land use/cover change were extracted using ArcGIS software, and the paper analyzed the spatial and temporal change of land use/cover change using barycenter transfer model. Results showed that: (1) From 1970 to 2008, cultivated land had been dominated land use type, followed by water area, construction land and unexploited land, and there was small proportion of forest land and grass land; forest land, water area, construction land and unexploited land were increased, and cultivated land and grass land were decreased; the conversions among cultivated land, water area and unexploited land were more closely. (2) The study on barycenter transfer model indicated that from 1970 to 2008, the barycenter transfer direction of cultivated land and construction land was north by west, and the barycenter transfer direction of forest land and unexploited land was south by west, and the barycenter transfer direction of grass land was south by east, with the maximum distance; and that of water area was north by east.

scholarly journals GIBSI: an integrated modelling system for watershed management – sample applications and current developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1301-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Quilbé ◽  
A. N. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Integrated Watershed Management

Abstract. Hydrological and pollutant fate models have long been developed for research purposes. Today, they find an application in integrated watershed management, as decision support systems (DSS). GIBSI is such a DSS designed to assist stakeholders in watershed management. It includes a watershed database coupled to a GIS and accessible through a user-friendly interface, as well as modelling tools that simulate, on a daily time step, hydrological processes, soil erosion, agricultural pollutant transport and surface water quality. Therefore, GIBSI can be used to assess a priori the effect of management scenarios (reservoirs, land use, waste water effluents, diffuse sources of pollution that is agricultural pollution) on surface hydrology and water quality. For illustration purposes, this paper presents several management-oriented applications using GIBSI on the 6680 km2 Chaudière River watershed, located near Quebec City (Canada). They include impact assessments of: (i) timber harvesting; (ii) municipal clean water program; (iii) agricultural nutrient management scenarios; (iv) past land use evolution; (v) possible future agricultural land use evolution under climate change, as well as (vi) determination of achievable performance standards of pesticides management practices. Current and future developments of GIBSI are also presented as these will extend current uses of this tool and make it useable and applicable by stakeholders on other watersheds. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes some of the challenges that remain for a better use of DSS in integrated watershed management.

scholarly journals Developing a decision support tool for assessing land use change and BMPs in ungauged watersheds based on decision rules provided by SWAT simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3789-3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Qi ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Charles P.-A. Bourque ◽  
Zisheng Xing ◽  
Fan-Rui Meng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Ungauged Watersheds

Abstract. Decision making on water resources management at ungauged, especially large-scale watersheds relies on hydrological modeling. Physically based distributed hydrological models require complicated setup, calibration, and validation processes, which may delay their acceptance among decision makers. This study presents an approach to develop a simple decision support tool (DST) for decision makers and economists to evaluate multiyear impacts of land use change and best management practices (BMPs) on water quantity and quality for ungauged watersheds. The example DST developed in the present study was based on statistical equations derived from Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulations and applied to a small experimental watershed in northwest New Brunswick. The DST was subsequently tested against field measurements and SWAT simulations for a larger watershed. Results from DST could reproduce both field data and model simulations of annual stream discharge and sediment and nutrient loadings. The relative error of mean annual discharge and sediment, nitrate–nitrogen, and soluble-phosphorus loadings were −6, −52, 27, and −16 %, respectively, for long-term simulation. Compared with SWAT, DST has fewer input requirements and can be applied to multiple watersheds without additional calibration. Also, scenario analyses with DST can be directly conducted for different combinations of land use and BMPs without complex model setup procedures. The approach in developing DST can be applied to other regions of the world because of its flexible structure.

scholarly journals Influence of Agro-pastoral Activities on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Karamoja, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
S. Muwanga ◽  
R. N. Onwonga ◽  
S. O. Keya ◽  
E. Komutunga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

The land use and/or land cover changes (LULCC) caused mainly by human beings for their benefits play a pivotal role in a global environment, resulting in significant ecosystem changes. Iriiri, Matany and Rengen sub-counties in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda have undergone rapid LULCC in the past three decades. Nevertheless, the extent to which these changes have occurred have not been quantified. Establishing the extent of LULCC in the study area between 1986 and 2015 formed our objective. Supervised LANDSAT image classification for years 1986, 1996, 2005 and 2015 was done using ENVI 4.7 software. The classification resulted into six land use classes; Bareland, Farmland, Woodland, Grassland, Settlement, and Wetland. The area under each LULCC was subjected to a change detection analysis using Arc-GIS (ESRI, 2009) in ten years strata. The results revealed that settlement in Iriiri expanded significantly (p < 0.05) by 71.3%, while farmland increased by 45%. Woodland and grassland significantly (p < 0.05) declined by 68% and 30% respectively. Bareland increased by 56%, while wetland decreased by 54%. Woodland and grassland significant (p < 0.05) shrunk by 87% in Matany and Rengen sub-counties. Farmland expanded significantly (p < 0.05) by 147% and Woodland shrunk significantly (p < 0.05) by 79% in Rengen sub-county. Generally, farmland and settlement increased while woodland and grassland shrunk due increased human population and farming. Expansion of farming is partially due to increased human settlement to pursue agriculture following advocacy by the government of Uganda. The removal of natural vegetation is expected to negatively impact soil quality by exposing it to agents of erosion. However, the extent of these impacts is unknown. Hence, further studies on LULCC and their impact on soil quality at sub-counties level are crucial in guiding land use policy and sustainable management practices in the area.

Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater in Virginia: BMP Impact Assessment

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mostaghimi ◽  
P. W. McClellan ◽  
R. A. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The Nomini Creek Watershed/Water Quality monitoring project was initiated in 1985, as part of the Chesapeake Bay Agreement of 1983, to quantify the impacts of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on improving water quality. The watershed monitoring system was designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of surface and groundwater as influenced by changes in land use, agronomic, and cultural practices in the watershed over the duration of the project. The primary chemical characteristics monitored include both soluble and sediment-bound nutrients and pesticides in surface and groundwater. Water samples from 8 monitoring wells located in agricultural areas in the watershed were analyzed for 22 pesticides. A total of 20 pesticides have been detected in water samples collected. Atrazine is the most frequently detected pesticide. Detected concentrations of atrazine ranged from 0.03 - 25.56 ppb and occurred in about 26 percent of the samples. Other pesticides were detected at frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 14.2 percent of all samples collected and concentrations between 0.01 and 41.89 ppb. The observed concentrations and spatial distributions of pesticide contamination of groundwater are compared to land use and cropping patterns. Results indicate that BMPs are quite effective in reducing pesticide concentrations in groundwater.

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