scholarly journals Halophytes Increase Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity And Network Complexity In Inland Saline Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Qiu ◽  
Weibo Kong ◽  
Hansong Zhu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Salinization is an important global environmental problem influencing sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems. Salt-tolerant halophytes are often used as a promising approach to remedy the saline soils. Yet, how halophytes affect rhizosphere microbial diversity, and microbes’ association and functions in saline ecosystems remains unclear, restricting our ability to assess plant fitness to salt stress and to remediate saline ecosystems. Herein, we examined bacterial and fungal diversities, compositions, and co-occurrence networks in the rhizospheres of six halophytes and bulk soils in a semiarid inland saline ecosystem. We also established the relationship of microbial structure and network complexity to microbial functions.Results: The microbial communities in rhizospheres were more diverse and complex than those the bulk soils. The connections of taxa in the rhizosphere microbial communities increased with fungi-fungi and bacteria-fungi connections and fungal diversity, but decreased with bacteria-bacteria connections and bacterial diversity. The proportion of the fungi-related central connections were larger in the rhizospheres (13-73%) than the bulk soils (3%). Additionally, fungi accounted for 27-63% of the keystone taxa identified in the microbial co-occurrence networks present in the rhizospheres, whereas the keystone taxa identified in the bulk soils were all bacteria/archaea. Moreover, microbial activity and residues were significantly higher in the halophyte rhizospheres than the bulk soils, and were significantly correlated with microbial composition and co-occurrence network complexity.Conclusions: These results indicated that halophytes shaped rhizosphere microbiomes and increased microbial diversity and network complexity in inland saline ecosystem, while fungi enhanced rhizosphere microbiota associations. The increased microbial network complexity contributed to the higher microbial functions in rhizosphere soils.

scholarly journals Uderstanding the Concept of Ecosufism: Harmony and the Relationship of God, Nature and Humans in Mystical Philosophy of Ibn Arabi

ULUMUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-265
Author(s):  
Syafwan Rozi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines Ibn Arabi's concept of ecosufism, a new philosophical foundation and paradigma in understanding nature, domination and control over natural resources amidst of global environmental crisis, caused by anthropocentric exploitation towards nature. This ecosufism is related to the constellation of religious orientation amongst monotheism, polytheism and pantheism and the relationship between God and nature in response to the environmental problem. This paper explains Ibn Arabi's philosophical thought on ecology and examines how this notion is based on his Sufi view on the relationship of God, humans and nature. This study shows that Ibn Arabi’s concept of  waḥdat al-wujūd (unification of being) and al-insān al-kāmil (perfect human) generate his perception of nature preservation. These two fundamental concepts are relevant to be used as a paradigm for promoting ecosufism, which consider nature as God's manifestation. A perfect human is the one who could realize such a perspective. Protecting nature is necessary because of its position as God's manifestation.

scholarly journals Rabbit microbiota across the whole body revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Hu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Shanshan Yang ◽  
Xu Yuan ◽  
Tingyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbial Samples

Abstract Background Rabbit can produce meat, fur and leather, and serves as an important biomedical animal model. Understanding the microbial community of rabbits helps to raise rabbits healthily and better support their application as animal models. Results In this study, we selected 4 healthy Belgium gray rabbits to collect the microbial samples from 12 body sites, including skin, lung, uterus, mouth, stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, colon, cecum, cecal appendix and rectum. The microbiota across rabbit whole body was investigated via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. After quality control, 46 samples were retained, and 3,148 qualified ASVs were obtained, representing 23 phyla and 264 genera. Based on the weighted UniFrac distances, these samples were divided into the large intestine (Lin), stomach and small intestine (SSin), uterus (Uter), and skin, mouth and lung (SML) groups. The diversity of Lin microbiota was the highest, followed by those of the SSin, Uter and SML groups. In the whole body, Firmicutes (62.37%), Proteobacteria (13.44%) and Bacteroidota (11.84%) were the most predominant phyla. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in the non-intestinal site, while Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the non-intestinal site. Among the 264 genera, 35 were the core microbiota distributed in all body sites. Sixty-one genera were specific in the SML group, while 13, 8 and 1 were specifically found in the Lin, SSin and Uter groups, respectively. The Lin group had the most difference with other groups, there were average 72 differential genera between the Lin and other groups. The functional prediction analysis showed that microbial function within each group was similar, but there was a big difference between the intestinal tracts and the non-intestinal group. Notably, the function of microorganism in uterus and mouth were the most different from those in the gastrointestinal sites; rabbit’s coprophagy of consuming soft feces possibly resulted in little differences of microbial function between stomach and large intestinal sites. Conclusion Our findings improve the knowledge about rabbit microbial communities throughout whole body and give insights into the relationship of microbial communities among different body sites in health rabbits.

Rekha Krishnan (ed). Growing Numbers and Dwindling Resources. New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute, 1994. XVIII+I71 pages. Indian Rupees 440.00. US $44.00. Hardbound.

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Institute

The issue of sustainable development, which is defined as the balancing of environmental protection with the generation of increased opportunities for employment and higher living standards, has assumed great importance in recent years. This has been due to the concern expressed by environmentalists that economic growth in developed and developing countries is having a negative impact on regional and international eco-systems. The increasing global environmental degradation has even spurred international organisations like the World Bank to provide capital and other expertise to help halt and, where possible, to reverse the process of environmental decay. This volume consists of papers presented at a two-day seminar on Population and Natural Resources organised by the Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) in New Delhi in the latter part of 1993. Divided in seven sections, it examines in detail the relationship of the growth of population, poverty, and economic activity with the environment, and the implications that this has for sustainable development.

scholarly journals On Moral Aspect of Sustainable Development Theory and Practice

wisdom ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sirine KOSYAN ◽  
Tatevik POGHOSYAN ◽  
Karine DANIELYAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reorientation Process

The paper deals with the modern processes of large-scale destabilization of the geosphere and the role of the scientific prediction of global environmental crisis. We also present an analysis of the reorientation process of civilization to sustainable development and ethical foundations of the relationship of humanity and nature.

scholarly journals Safety Versus Modern Environmental Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
József Bera
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract With the wide application of engineering technologies, environmental aspects increasingly focus attention on safety. Reducing environmental impacts also affects operational safety, and because of the adverse effect, there is a dual situation in the relationship of these two areas. On one hand, maintaining the acceptable environmental status is closely related to the secure operation of the technologies, on the other hand, by ensuring safety, the risks of the new environmental impacts shall be managed. Such risks prevent the development of a dynamically balanced environmental system. Based on the examination of both the environment uses and the operational conditions, we have reached the conclusion that we will analyse environmental risk management in the context of safety. In the first phase of the research we reviewed the relations between safety and the modern environmental problem.

scholarly journals Multi-scale ecological filters shape the crayfish microbiome

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Skelton ◽  
Kevin M Geyer ◽  
Jay T Lennon ◽  
Robert P Creed ◽  
Bryan L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Situ Experiment ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Microbiome Assembly ◽  
Ecological Filters

Communities of symbiotic microbes obtained from the environment are an integral component of animal fitness and ecology. Thus a general and practical understanding of the processes that drive microbiome assembly and structure are paramount to understanding animal ecology, health, and evolution. We conceptualized a series of ecological filters that operate at the environment, host, and host tissue levels during microbiome assembly and discuss key ecological processes that structure animal microbiomes at each level. We conducted a survey of crayfish across four sites within the contiguous range of the of stream-inhabiting crayfish Cambarus sciotensis in western Virginia, USA, to characterize multiscale variation in the crayfish microbiome. We also conducted an in situ experiment to assess local drivers of microbial diversity on the closely related Cambarus chasmodactylus. We used a combination of DNA fingerprinting and next-generation sequencing to characterize microbiome diversity and composition from crayfish carapaces and gills to identify key filters affecting microbiome structure. Field survey showed that local environment and host tissues interact to create patterns of microbial diversity and composition, but the strongest effects on microbial community structure were observed at the level of host tissue. Our field experiment confirmed strong effects of host tissue, and also showed that a metazoan ectosymbiont which feeds on biofilms (Annelida; Branchiobdellida) had significant effects on microbial composition of the host carapace. Crayfish carapaces were colonized by diverse and taxonomically even microbial communities that were similar to, and correlated with, microbial communities of the ambient environment. Conversely, crayfish gills were colonized by less diverse communities and dominated by two families of bacteria with potentially significant functional roles: Comamonadaceae and Chitinophagaceae. Our results suggest that microbial assembly of the carapace is driven by external biotic and abiotic processes, whereas assembly on the gills appears to be coupled to host biology that favors interactions with few specific taxa. Our work shows how multi-scale studies of symbiont community assembly provide valuable insights into how the animal microbiome is structured under conditions of natural complexity and help identify other symbiont taxa, i.e., the branchiobdellidans, that may further influence microbiome assembly and structure.

scholarly journals Multi-scale ecological filters shape the crayfish microbiome

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Skelton ◽  
Kevin M Geyer ◽  
Jay T Lennon ◽  
Robert P Creed ◽  
Bryan L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Situ Experiment ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Microbiome Assembly ◽  
Ecological Filters

Communities of symbiotic microbes obtained from the environment are an integral component of animal fitness and ecology. Thus a general and practical understanding of the processes that drive microbiome assembly and structure are paramount to understanding animal ecology, health, and evolution. We conceptualized a series of ecological filters that operate at the environment, host, and host tissue levels during microbiome assembly and discuss key ecological processes that structure animal microbiomes at each level. We conducted a survey of crayfish across four sites within the contiguous range of the of stream-inhabiting crayfish Cambarus sciotensis in western Virginia, USA, to characterize multiscale variation in the crayfish microbiome. We also conducted an in situ experiment to assess local drivers of microbial diversity on the closely related Cambarus chasmodactylus. We used a combination of DNA fingerprinting and next-generation sequencing to characterize microbiome diversity and composition from crayfish carapaces and gills to identify key filters affecting microbiome structure. Field survey showed that local environment and host tissues interact to create patterns of microbial diversity and composition, but the strongest effects on microbial community structure were observed at the level of host tissue. Our field experiment confirmed strong effects of host tissue, and also showed that a metazoan ectosymbiont which feeds on biofilms (Annelida; Branchiobdellida) had significant effects on microbial composition of the host carapace. Crayfish carapaces were colonized by diverse and taxonomically even microbial communities that were similar to, and correlated with, microbial communities of the ambient environment. Conversely, crayfish gills were colonized by less diverse communities and dominated by two families of bacteria with potentially significant functional roles: Comamonadaceae and Chitinophagaceae. Our results suggest that microbial assembly of the carapace is driven by external biotic and abiotic processes, whereas assembly on the gills appears to be coupled to host biology that favors interactions with few specific taxa. Our work shows how multi-scale studies of symbiont community assembly provide valuable insights into how the animal microbiome is structured under conditions of natural complexity and help identify other symbiont taxa, i.e., the branchiobdellidans, that may further influence microbiome assembly and structure.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Structure and Diversity of Shrimp Paste at Different Fermentation Stages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingying Dai ◽  
Limei Wang ◽  
Jiang Sun ◽  
Lixue Zheng ◽  
Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing was used to reveal the highly diverse bacterial populations in shrimp paste at different fermentation stages. We studied three stages of fermentation and obtained 448,916 reads. Using this approach, we revealed the presence of 30 phyla, 55 classes, 86 orders, 206 families and 695 genera of bacteria in the shrimp paste. Shrimp paste in fermentation metaphase had a more diverse microbiota than that in fermentation prophase and fermentation anaphase. Diversity appeared greatest in fermentation anaphase. The four dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The most common genera were Psychrobacter, Halomonas, Bacillus, Alteribacillus, and Lactococcus. Their content varied at different stages of fermentation. All the microbiome presented a variety of changes in the microbial diversity of shrimp paste.ImportanceMost research on the microbial diversity of shrimp paste has focused on the shrimp culture environment, or the chemical composition and sensory attributes of the paste. Little research has been conducted on the microbial diversity and composition of shrimp paste. The relationship between microbes and the flavor and quality of shrimp paste has thus been unknown. We therefore analyzed the microbial composition and variation of shrimp paste at different stages of fermentation. The dominant bacteria in fermentation prophase, metaphase, and anaphase were identified. Our preliminary findings give some insight into which microbes contribute to the flavor of shrimp paste and suggest how to improve its flavor. In addition, our findings are relevant to optimizing the production of shrimp paste and guaranteeing its quality and safety.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The environment is defined as all objects, conditions, circumstances and influences that exist in the room that we live in and affect living things, including human life (Emil Salim 1976). Problems regarding the environment are not something new. Environmental problems are closely related to the pattern of human life as well as the development of human language. Apart from our country, Indonesia, other countries also have environmental problems. This environmental problem occurs as a result of human careless actions towards nature in order to fulfill and improve their quality of life (Huang and Kawata, and Wihardjo et al, in Ramadhan et al, 2019).

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