A Novel Animal Model for Three-Dimensional Horizontal and Vertical Bone Regeneration Using Osseous Shell Technique: A Pre-clinical In-Vivo Study in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamal ◽  
Sara Al-Obaidly ◽  
Bernd Lethaus ◽  
Alexander K. Bartella
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Skeletal Defects

Abstract Background: Bone grafting is commonly used for reconstructing skeletal defects in the craniofacial region. Several bone augmentation models were developed to optimize bone regeneration in both vertical and horizontal dimesions. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a surgical animal model for establishing a three-dimensional (3D) grafting environment in the animal's mandibular ramus for horizontal and vertical bone regeneration using osseous shell technique, as in human patients. Materials and methods: Initial osteological and imaging survey were performed on a postmortem skull of a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit skull, Oryctolagus cuniculus, for feasibility assessment for performing the surgical procedure. 3D osseus defect was created in the mandibular ramus through a submandibular incision and the osseous shell plates were stabilized with osteosynthesis fixation screws and defect filled with particular bone grafting material. The in-vivo surgical procedures were conducted in four 8-week-old NZW rabbits utilising two osseous shell materials: xenogenic human cortical plates, and autogenous rabbit cortical plates, and the created 3D defects were filled using xenograft and allograft bone grafting materials. The healed defects were evaluated for bone regeneration after 12 weeks using histological and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging analysis. Results: Clinical analysis at 12 weeks after surgery revealed the stability of the 3D grafted bone augmentation defects using the osseous shell technique. Imaging and histological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of this model in assessing bone regeneration. Conclusion: The rabbit model is an efficient and reliable biological method for creating a seizable three-dimensional horizontal and vertical bone regeneration model in the mandibular ramus using osseous shell technique for testing various bone-substitute materials testing without compromising the health of the animal. The filled defects could be analyzed for osteogenesis, quantification of bone formation, and healing potential, using histomorphometric analysis, in addition to 3D morphologic evaluation using radiation imaging.

scholarly journals Bone Augmentation Procedures in Implantology

2021 ◽  
pp. 407-426
Author(s):  
Vinay V. Kumar ◽  
Supriya Ebenezer ◽  
Andreas Thor
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Sinus Floor Elevation ◽  
Sinus Floor ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

AbstractSuccessful implant dentistry mandates implants to be placed in an appropriate three-dimensional manner that supports the prosthesis adequately. Due to the resorption patterns of edentulous jaws, the ideal position of implants required varying amounts of bone augmentation. Commonly carried out bone-augmentation procedures are Guided Bone Regeneration, onlay bone grafting and sinus floor elevation. This chapter discusses the resorption pattern of edentulous jaws, the biology of alveolar bone of relevance to the maxillofacial surgeon, the biomaterials used for augmentation and the commonly carried out augmentation procedures.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami ◽  
Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Sang-Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
3D Fabrication ◽  
Dental Applications

The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Porous Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Tanaka ◽  
Yoshinori Sato ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hisao Haniu ◽  
Masanori Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

scholarly journals Alginate Hydrogels for In Vivo Bone Regeneration: The Immune Competence of the Animal Model Matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 852-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Garske ◽  
Katharina Schmidt-Bleek ◽  
Agnes Ellinghaus ◽  
Anke Dienelt ◽  
Luo Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Alginate Hydrogels

scholarly journals In vivo bone regeneration assessment of offset and gradient melt electrowritten (MEW) PCL scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Abbasi ◽  
Ryan S. B. Lee ◽  
Saso Ivanovski ◽  
Robert M. Love ◽  
Stephen Hamlet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

Abstract Background Biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering represents a promising solution to overcome reduced residual bone volume. It has been previously demonstrated that gradient and offset architectures of three-dimensional melt electrowritten poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds could successfully direct osteoblast cells differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, resulting in mineralization. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the in vivo osteoconductive capacity of PCL scaffolds with these different architectures. Methods Five different calcium phosphate (CaP) coated melt electrowritten PCL pore sized scaffolds: 250 μm and 500 μm, 500 μm with 50% fibre offset (offset.50.50), tri layer gradient 250–500-750 μm (grad.250top) and 750–500-250 μm (grad.750top) were implanted into rodent critical-sized calvarial defects. Empty defects were used as a control. After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, the new bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. Results Significantly more newly formed bone was shown in the grad.250top scaffold 8 weeks post-implantation. Histological investigation also showed that soft tissue was replaced with newly formed bone and fully covered the grad.250top scaffold. While, the bone healing did not happen completely in the 250 μm, offset.50.50 scaffolds and blank calvaria defects following 8 weeks of implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of osteogenic markers was present in all scaffold groups at both time points. The mineralization marker Osteocalcin was detected with the highest intensity in the grad.250top and 500 μm scaffolds. Moreover, the expression of the endothelial markers showed that robust angiogenesis was involved in the repair process. Conclusions These results suggest that the gradient pore size structure provides superior conditions for bone regeneration.

Ultraviolet-Crosslinkable and Injectable Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Hydrogel for Critical Size Calvarial Defect Repair In Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqiang Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
Daqing Wei ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Defect Site

To promote bone regeneration in vivo using critical-size calvarial defect model, hybrid hydrogel was prepared by mixing chitosan with hydroxyapatite (HA) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in situ. The hydrosoluble, UV-crosslinkable and injectable N-methacryloyl chitosan (N-MAC) was synthesized via single-step N-acylation reaction. The chemical structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. N-MAC hydrogel presented a microporous structure with pore sizes ranging from 10 to 60 μm. Approximately 80% cell viability of N-MAC hydrogel against encapsulated 3T3 cell indicated that N-MAC is an emerging candidate for mimicking native extracellular matrix (ECM). N-MAC hydrogel hybridized with HA was used to accelerate regeneration of calvarial bone using rabbit model. The effects of hybrid hydrogels to promote bone regeneration were evaluated using critical size calvarial bone defect model. The healing effects of injectable hydrogels with/without HA for bone regeneration were investigated by analyzing X-ray image after 4 or 6 weeks. The results showed that the regenerated new bone for N-MAC 100 was significantly greater than N-MAC without HA and untreated controls. The higher HA content in N-MAC/HA hybrid hydrogel benefited the acceleration of bone regeneration. About 50% closure of defect site after 6 weeks postimplantation demonstrated potent osteoinductivity of N-MAC 100 UV-crosslinkable and injectable N-MAC/HA hybrid hydrogel would allow serving as a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration using the critical-size calvarial defect.

scholarly journals BAG S53P4 putty as bone graft substitute – a rabbit model

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Saarenpää ◽  
Patricia Stoor ◽  
Janek Frantzén
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

AbstractBioactive glass (BAG) S53P4 granules represent a bone augmentation biomaterial for the surgical treatment of bony defects, even in challenging conditions such as osteomyelitis. The aim of this eight-week rabbit implantation study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and bone regeneration performance of a BAG S53P4 putty formulation following its implantation into the proximal tibia bone of twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits. BAG S53P4 putty was compared to BAG S53P4 granules (0.5-0.8 mm) to evaluate whether the synthetic putty binder influences the bone regeneration of the osteostimulative granules. The putty formulation facilitates clinical use because of its mouldability, injectability and ease of mixing with autograft. Implantation of putty and granules into proximal tibia defects resulted in good osseointegration of the two groups. Both biomaterials were biocompatible, showed high new bone formation, high vascularization and periosteal growth. No signs of disturbed bone formation were observed due to the PEG-glycerol binder in the BAG S53P4 putty. Instead, intramedullary ossification and stromal cell reaction were more advanced in the putty group compared to the control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, the novel mouldable BAG S53P4 putty showed reliable bone regeneration in bony defects without adverse tissue or cell reactions.

scholarly journals Biomaterials with structural hierarchy and controlled 3D nanotopography guide endogenous bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. eabg3089
Author(s):  
Shixuan Chen ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Valerio Luca Mainardi ◽  
Giuseppe Talò ◽  
Alec McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Inorganic Mineral ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

Biomaterials without exogenous cells or therapeutic agents often fail to achieve rapid endogenous bone regeneration with high quality. Here, we reported a class of three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds with hierarchical structure and controlled alignment for effective endogenous cranial bone regeneration. 3D scaffolds consisting of radially aligned nanofibers guided and promoted the migration of bone marrow stem cells from the surrounding region to the center in vitro. These scaffolds showed the highest new bone volume, surface coverage, and mineral density among the tested groups in vivo. The regenerated bone exhibited a radially aligned fashion, closely recapitulating the scaffold’s architecture. The organic phase in regenerated bone showed an aligned, layered, and densely packed structure, while the inorganic mineral phase showed a uniform distribution with smaller pore size and an even distribution of stress upon the simulated compression. We expect that this study will inspire the design of next-generation biomaterials for effective endogenous bone regeneration with desired quality.

Self-assembling Peptides: From Bio-inspired Materials to Bone Regeneration

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Semino
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Self Assembling

In recent years, the development of new biomaterials with specifications for tissue and organ functional requirements—such as proper biological, structural, and biomechanical properties as well as designed control for biodegradation and therapeutic drug-release capacity—is the main aim of many academic and industrial programs. Hence, the concept of molecular self-assembly is the driving force for the development of new biomaterials that support the growth and functional differentiation of cells and tissues in a controlled manner. The discovery, properties, and development of self-assembling peptides to be used as three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on their similarity (in structure and mechanical features) to extracellular matrices are described. Self-assembling peptides can be used for in vitro applications for cell 3D culture as well as in vivo for tissue regeneration such as bone and optical nerve repair, as well as for drug delivery of mediators to improve therapy, as in the case of myocardial infarction. Finally, the use of self-assembling materials in combination with a bioengineering platform is proposed to assist functional bone regeneration in cases of larger bone defects, including exposed fractures due to trauma and spinal disorders dealing with high loadings, as well as replacement of big bone structures due to tumors.

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