scholarly journals Eating disorders as a repercussion of sexual assault, a consequence to consider

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Malet-Karas ◽  
Delphine Bernard-Wallendorf ◽  
Emmanuelle Piet ◽  
Eric Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Purpose This study aims at clarifying the links between sexual violence and eating disorders (EDs). Methods In a sample of 12638 victims of sexual violence, we analyzed the situation of 546 victims that declared having developed ED. We assessed the characteristics of the assault (age, type of aggression) and the medical consequences (PTSD, depression, suicide attempts, anxiety disorders …). Results ED prevalence was 4.3% in the victim sample. The age of the first assault in ED victims was significantly lower than that of the whole population (12y vs 16 y for median; p<0.001). A much higher prevalence of sexual assault consequences was present in victims developing ED with odd ratios (OR) for: self-mutilation (OR = 11.5 [8.29-15.95], p<0.001); depression (OR=5.7 [4.81-6.86], p<0.001); self-medication (OR = 5.3 [3.86-7.19], p<0.001); suicide attempts (OR =4.5 [3.59-5.67], p<0.001); Post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 3.8 [2.99-4.78], p<0.001) ; anxiety troubles (OR = 5.2 [4.11-6.47], p<0.001); alcoholism (OR =4.0 [2.81-5.58], p<0.001). Conclusion This study confirms the link between ED and sexual violence, especially in childhood, leading to severe psychological consequences. In this context, ED should be envisaged as a coping strategy accompanying emotional dysregulation due to traumatic events, and be treated as such.

scholarly journals Profiles of Emotion Regulation and Post-Traumatic Stress Severity among Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6865
Author(s):  
Marina Muñoz-Rivas ◽  
Ana Bellot ◽  
Ignacio Montorio ◽  
Rosa Ronzón-Tirado ◽  
Natalia Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Post Traumatic

Emotional dysregulation is a construct that has drawn substantial attention as a transdiagnostic contributing factor to the loss of health. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a term used to describe physical, psychological, or sexual assault of a spouse or sexual partner. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of emotional dysregulation among women with different types of IPV revictimization and post-traumatic stress. The cross-sectional survey included 120 women attended by the Integrated Monitoring System of Gender Violence of Madrid, Spain, due to a gender violence complaint. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (DSM 5 criteria), emotional dysregulation (Emotional Processing Scale (EPS)), childhood trauma, and type of revictimization were evaluated. Cluster analysis found three profiles of emotional regulation: Emotionally Regulated, Avoidance/Non-Impoverished, and Emotional Overwhelm. The results showed that the Emotional Overwhelm group was characterized by a general dysregulation of emotional experiences and a greater intensity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. In addition, women who have suffered several episodes of IPV by different partners showed a differential pattern of emotional regulation than the rest of the victims that entailed greater psychopathology. Findings confirm that emotional dysregulation is a critical pathway to the decrease of health among IPV victims.

Psychosocial consequences of early marriages

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Sabina Əzim qızı Əzimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
Child Exploitation ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Key Words Family

One of the most common forms of child exploitation in the world is early marriage. Although the number of underage marriages has declined to some extent, it continues to rise in a number of countries. Early marriage usually means the marriage of a child under the age of 18. Many of these marriages are also referred to as "child and forced marriages" because they are performed without conscious consent. Early marriage separates children from their families and peers, exposes them to domestic violence, and jeopardizes their development, educational, social and professional opportunities. Such marriages can also lead to psychological problems such as depression, adaptation disorders, post-traumatic stress, and suicide attempts. This review article aims to assess the causes and psychosocial consequences of early marriage. Key words: Family age, child exploitation, psychosocial aspects

scholarly journals Sexual Assault and White Matter Hyperintensities Among Midlife Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Thurston ◽  
Karen Jakubowski ◽  
Minjie Wu ◽  
Howard Aizenstein ◽  
Yuefang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Traumatic experiences have been linked to poor mental and physical health. However, there has been little examination of their relationship to neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular risk. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers of brain small vessel disease. WMHs can be detected decades before the onset of dementia and other disorders and can serve as early markers for these brain disorders. We tested whether traumatic experiences were associated with brain WMH volume among midlife women. Methods In the MsBrain study, 145 women (mean age = 59 years) without cardiovascular disease, stroke, or dementia were recruited. Women completed questionnaires [trauma checklist, depression, post-traumatic stress measures]; physical measures [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP)]; phlebotomy; actigraphy sleep measurement, and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance brain imaging for WMHs. Cross-sectional associations between traumatic experiences and WMH volume were assessed in linear regression models. Covariates were age, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, BP, lipids, preeclampsia, sleep, and additionally depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Results 68% of women endorsed at least one of the traumas assessed. The most common trauma was sexual assault (23% of women). Women with trauma exposure had greater WMH volume than women without trauma [B(SE) = .24 (.09), p = .01, multivariable]. The single trauma most associated with WMH was sexual assault [B(SE) = .25 (.11), p = .02, multivariable]. Results persisted adjusting for depressive or post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions A trauma history, particularly sexual assault, was associated with greater WMH volume controlling for covariates, including depressive and post-traumatic symptoms. Sexual assault may place women at risk for poor brain health.

scholarly journals The Role of Parents in Preventing Sexual Violence on Elementary School children in Bandung

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ikeu Nurhidayah ◽  
Neng Lani Ligina
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

Sexual violence in children case happens most in age 6-12 years. Impact of sexual violence in children is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and revictimizations in adulthood. Role of parents in prevention sexual violence is very important because parents is the people closest to the child. The Purpose of this study is to get an overview of parents roles to prevention sexual violence in children at SDN 061 Cijerah Bandung Kulon Bandung. This study used quantitative descriptive method with samples 141 of parents at SDN 061 Cijerah from populations 530 students and used accidental sampling method.  The instrument used is a quistionnaire by researcher combined prevention sexual violence based on government program PANTS with role of parents based on BKKBN. Reability of this study has a alfa cronbach of 0,918. Data analysis used with calculate cut of point from each role of parents and categorize to good roles or less good roles. The results of this study showed that of  141 parents in general that is 93,6% had good roles. The role of parents as educators 88,7% parents had good role as educators. For incentive 90,8% had good role as incentive. For role models, 91,5% parents be a good role models.  As supervisor 85,1% parents be a good supervisors. For counselor 91,5% parents had good role as counselors. For comunicator 72,3% had good role as comunicators.

Reproductive and Mental Health during Natural Disaster

2015 ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Jasim Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

With the ever-increasing number of natural disasters, it is important to understand the impact on the health and wellbeing of survivors, especially women. The reproductive and mental health of women contributes significantly to their overall wellbeing. The Chapter gives an overview of natural disasters with an emphasis on consequences of earthquakes of health and wellbeing of the survivors. It includes a critical review of published studies on psychological trauma and reproductive health following earthquake disasters. Among the psychological consequences of earthquakes, this chapter describes post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. The last section of this chapter reviewed reproductive health in relation to the mental health consequences following natural disasters.

Reactions to stressful experiences

2017 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
Coping Patterns

‘Reactions to stressful experiences’ covers emotional and physiological elements of the response to stress and the way in which maladaptive coping patterns and inappropriate defence mechanisms can lead to clinical disorders. Stress reactions are often short-lived and respond to support from friends and family. However, particularly severe stresses can lead to the condition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an important source of morbidity and disability, whose clinical features, psychology, neurobiology, and treatment are described in detail. The chapter also covers adjustment to threatening and traumatic life events, such as childhood abuse, sexual assault in women, the refugee experience, serious physical illness, and bereavement. These events can produce various kinds of adverse psychological consequences over the lifespan, and the chapter shows how these psychiatric sequelae can be recognized, theoretically understood, and best managed according to current evidence-based practice.

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