Determining Planting Window for Growing Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) During Dry Season in Bandarban, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Mrinmoy Guha Neogi ◽  
Jatish Chandra Biswas ◽  
Aung Swiy Shing Marma ◽  
Md Abdul Mannan Mollah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Post Monsoon

Abstract BackgroundFarmers in the Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh have been growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in their traditional system of jhum cultivation which is undergoing transformation. Growing rainfed cotton as a mono crop in the uplands is constrained by farmers’ socio-economic conditions and erratic rainfall. Shifting growing season to post-monsoon dry months could be an option to sustain cotton production in hilly areas. We conducted an exploratory single variate type experiment for two seasons to explore the possibility of growing cotton in valley lands in Bandarban during dry season. Growth and yield potentials of dry season cotton were evaluated in terms of prevailing environmental conditions.ResultsNight temperature dropped to 9oC on several occasions in 2018-19 season; but it remained higher than 11oC throughout the season in 2019-20 season. In 2018-19, day temperatures surged higher past March 15 occasionally exceeding 38oC. Variability in temperatures was more in 2018-19 while average temperatures were higher in2019-20 season. Rainfall distribution was almost similar in both the growing seasons receiving total rainfall of 757 mm and 579 mm in two seasons, respectively. Higher seed cotton yield (2,047 kg per ha) was recorded for 15 November planted crop compared with 1 December planted crop (1,186 kg per ha). December 1 planted crop was affected more by low temperatures at seedling stage resulting in poor growth and fewer bolls per plant. Late planted crop was more vulnerable to rain damage at boll opening stage. Crops of both the seasons encountered high temperatures (>32oC) during boll development. ConclusionChanging climate, shorter winter season and rising temperatures may allow cotton production in valley lands shifting growing season from rainy season to post-monsoon dry months. However, the window of dry season cotton growing in Bandarban, Bangladesh seems narrow. Rainfall pattern restricts planting seeds prior to mid-November. Again, high temperatures stress in March and April synchronizing boll development, and rainfall toward late April and May during boll opening may cause rain-damage leading to yield loss. Development and adoption of short duration, low temperature tolerant upland cotton varieties might be of advantage for adapting to climate change vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Determining Planting Window for Growing Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during Dry Season in Bandarban, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A Hamid ◽  
MG Neogi ◽  
MS Marma ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
AS S Marma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Post Monsoon

Farmers in the Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh have been growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in their traditional system of jhum cultivation which is undergoing transformation. Growing rainfed cotton as a monocrop in the uplands is constrained by farmers’ socio-economic conditions and erratic rainfall. Shifting growing season to post-monsoon dry monthscould be an option to sustain cotton production in hilly areas. An exploratory experiment was conducted for two seasons to explore the possibility of growing cotton in valley lands in Bandarban during dry season. Growth and yield potentials of dry season cotton were evaluated in relation to prevailing environmental conditions. Night temperature dropped to 9oC on several occasions in 2018-2019 season; but it remained higher than 11oC throughout the season in 2019-2020. In 2018-2019, day temperatures surged higher past March 15 occasionally exceeding 38oC. Variability in temperatures was more in 2018-19 while average temperatures were higher in 2019-20 season. Rainfall distribution was almost similar in both the growing seasons receiving total rainfall of 757 mm and 579 mm in two seasons, respectively. Higher seed cotton yield (2,047 kg per ha) was recorded for 15 November planted crop compared with 1 December planted crop (1,186 kg per ha). December 1 planted crop was affected more by low temperatures at seedling stage resulting in poor growth and fewer bolls per plant. Late planted crop was more vulnerable to rain damage at boll opening stage. Crops of both the seasons encountered high temperatures (>32oC) during boll development. Changing climate, shorter winter season and rising temperatures may allow cotton production in valley lands shifting growing season from rainy season to post-monsoon dry months. However, the window of dry season cotton growing in Bandarban, Bangladesh seems narrow. Rainfall pattern restricts planting seeds prior to mid-November. Again, high temperatures stress in March and April synchronizing boll development, and rainfall toward late April and May during boll opening may cause yield loss. Development and adoption of short duration, low temperature tolerant upland cotton varieties might be of advantage for adapting to climate change vulnerabilities. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2): 1-14

Responses of a Semi-dwarf Wheat to Temperatures Representing a Tropical Dry Season. II. Extreme Temperatures

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Dwarf Wheat ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions a semi-dwarf wheat, Mexico 120, was subjected to temperature regimes representative of the extremes that occur during the dry (winter) season of the Ord River valley in northern Australia. High temperatures (35°C by day: 18°C by night) such as occur at the beginning and end of the dry season were compared with low temperatures (30°C by day: 13°C by night) such as occur in mid-season. Day length was constant at 12 hours. High temperatures from floral initiation onwards adversely affected floret development, and after ear emergence reduced grain filling to nil. Net assimilation rates were reduced by high temperatures. Major effects on yields were caused by high temperatures well before anthesis. The critical temperature after anthesis is apparently between 32° and 35°C.

Suppression of pink bollworm and effect on beneficial insects of a nectariless okra-leaf cotton germplasm line

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Flint ◽  
F.D. Wilson ◽  
N.J. Parks ◽  
R.Y. Reynoso ◽  
B.R. Stapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Germplasm Line

AbstractInfestations of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and numbers of beneficial insects in two cottons, Gossypium hirsutum, were compared at Maricopa, Arizona, and Brawley, California, during the 1986–1988 seasons. Plots (0.8 ha) of WC-12NL (nectariless, okraleaf, and early maturing) had significantly lower boll infestations than DPL-61 (nectaried, normal leaf, and later maturing) for each location and year. The three year average (range) PBW/100 bolls for WC-12NL and DPL-61 at Maricopa were 6.8 (5.7–10.7) compared to 11.2 (6.8–15.7), respectively. At Brawley the averages were 18.9 (9.3–27.6) compared to 39.2 (15.5–52.5), respectively. With the exception of 1986 at Maricopa, the percentage of bolls with eggs was significantly greater for DPL-61 (average 8.1, range 3.4–16.0) than for WC-12NL (average 4.2, range 1.1–12.1) for each location and year. Both cottons averaged about four eggs per oviposited boll; not significantly different. The numbers of Lygus spp. and three beneficial species of insects were not different in the two cottons. Collops vittatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) was collected in significantly greater numbers in WC-12NL (1.0 per 50 sweeps compared to 0.9 for DPL-61), while Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Ménéville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was collected in greater numbers in DPL-61 (0.6 per 50 sweeps compared to 0.3 for WC-12NL). WC-12NL is the culmination of a 20-year breeding programme for resistance to P. gossypiella and has characteristics attractive for cotton production in areas where a shorter growing season is desirable.

Effects of duration of coverage with spunbonded polyester rowcovers on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Yield Responses

Transparent rowcovers installed at transplanting and removed as growing conditions improve are commonly employed to promote development of warm-season vegetable crops. In regions with a brief and cool growing season, short-stature warm-season crops such as peppers could potentially benefit from being kept under the rowcovers for extended periods after transplanting. This study examined the influence of duration of coverage with spunbonded polyester rowcovers on vegetative growth, fruit yields and degree of fruit maturity of bell peppers over the 1999, 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons in Saskatchewan, Canada. Eight-week-old transplants of several cultivars of pepper were covered for 6 wk or 10 wk after transplanting or for the duration of the growing season. All growth and yield responses to the duration of coverage were consistent across the cultivars tested. In 1999, extending the period of coverage reduced aboveground vegetative growth of the crop, otherwise vegetative growth was not influenced by the duration of coverage. During the relatively cool 2000 cropping season, the duration of coverage had no effect on fruit yields or the proportion of the fruit that matured to red prior to frost. By contrast, in the warmer 1999 and 2001 cropping seasons, fruit yields declined as the duration of coverage increased. Excessively high temperatures interfere with fruit set in peppers. These results suggest that the risk of exposing the crop to excessively high temperatures may be increased by extending the period of coverage into the warmer periods of the growing season. Extending the period of coverage beyond the standard 6 wk also required additional labor and occasionally exacerbated problems with weeds and insect pests. Key words: Rowcovers, microclimate, ripening, pepper, Capsicum annuum

scholarly journals Correlations between Cotton Characteristics in Greek Multi-environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Vasileios Greveniotis ◽  
Evangelia Sioki ◽  
Constantinos G. Ipsilandis
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L

Correlations of data provided by AFIS and HVI were performed under a multi-location evaluation of cotton fiber characteristics in the Greek environment. Four main cotton-production Greek regions were selected and the five most cultivated commercial upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars were used for evaluation of fiber length and short fiber characteristics by AFIS and HVI instruments. Each cultivar was sown in 16 fields and 80 fields in total were used for all cultivars. Both HVI and AFIS gave reliable data concerning fiber length and short fiber estimations. High positive and statistically significant correlations between the two instruments were found indicating the similarity of final measurements. Fiber length estimations can be performed with higher accuracy than short fiber estimations, because CV values were lower for both instruments. HVI and AFIS showed different advantages in estimating fiber length and short fiber characteristics. Measurements of AFIS on fiber length had a smaller range between maximum and minimum values, but HVI showed lower CV% which is more useful for breeders, since it may indicate gene fixation that ensures easier breeding procedure. For short fibers, AFIS also showed a smaller range between maximum and minimum values and HVI showed lower CV%. Graphical comparisons between HVI and AFIS measurements for fiber length and short fibers showed that HVI had a more pattern with lower fluctuations than AFIS.

scholarly journals GhKWL1 Upregulates GhERF105 but Its Function Is Impaired by Binding with VdISC1, a Pathogenic Effector of Verticillium dahliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7328
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaohan Yu ◽  
Xianbi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Its Gene

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease for many important crops, including cotton. Kiwellins (KWLs), a group of cysteine-rich proteins synthesized in many plants, have been shown to be involved in response to various phytopathogens. To evaluate genes for their function in resistance to Verticillium wilt, we investigated KWL homologs in cotton. Thirty-five KWL genes (GhKWLs) were identified from the genome of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Among them, GhKWL1 was shown to be localized in nucleus and cytosol, and its gene expression is induced by the infection of V. dahliae. We revealed that GhKWL1 was a positive regulator of GhERF105. Silencing of GhKWL1 resulted in a decrease, whereas overexpression led to an increase in resistance of transgenic plants to Verticillium wilt. Interestingly, through binding to GhKWL1, the pathogenic effector protein VdISC1 produced by V. dahliae could impair the defense response mediated by GhKWL1. Therefore, our study suggests there is a GhKWL1-mediated defense response in cotton, which can be hijacked by V. dahliae through the interaction of VdISC1 with GhKWL1.

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