Particle Nature of Photons, Normal Diffraction Pattern and Curved Diffraction Pattern Emerging in Same Experiment --- Double-Slit Experiment Still Has Much to Offer

Author(s):  
Hui Peng

Abstract The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman’s mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr’s complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model. The double-slit experiment still has much to offer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Peng

Abstract The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman’s mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr’s complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Peng

Abstract Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by either the classical wave, or quantum probability waves or pilot waves. Recently, the novel experiments show that the interference patterns of the double slit/cross-double slit experiments may be curved. The previous phenomena of the light bending contain the gravity bending and Airy beam curving transversely. The curved Airy beam is interpreted by the quantum Schrödinger’s wave equation and electromagnetic wave theory. To study the curved interference patterns of the comprehensive double slit experiments, we study the underlying physics first, namely, to study whether the light beam/photons behave as wave or as particle before forming the curved interference pattern. In this article, the comprehensive double slit experiments are performed, which show: (1) the fringes of the curved interference pattern are created independently and may be create partially; (2) the longitudinal shield and the metal tube inserted between the slide and the detector has no effect on the interference pattern. The experimental observations suggest that, before forming the curved interference pattern on the detector, photons behave as particles, which can be referred as “wave-particle-coexistence”. The phenomena provide the comprehensive information/data for the theoretical study.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 169-203
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Boyd

This article proposes that an unexpected approach to the mathematics of a Schro ̋dinger wave packet and Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED), could vastly simplify how we perceive the world around us. It could get rid of most if not all quantum weirdness. Schro ̋dinger’s cat would be gone. Even things that we thought were unquestionably true about the quantum world would change. For example, the double slit experiment would no longer support wave particle duality. Experiments that appeared to say that entangled particles can communicate instantaneously over great distances, would no longer say that. Although the tiny mathematical change is counterintuitive, Occam’s razor dictates that we consider it because it simplifies how we view Nature in such a pervasive way. The change in question is to view a Schro ̋dinger wave packet as part of a larger Elementary Wave traveling in the opposite direction. It is known in quantum mechanics that the same wave can travel in two countervailing directions simultaneously. Equivalent changes would be made to QED and Quantum Field Theory. It is known in QM that there are zero energy waves: for example, the Schro ̋dinger wave carries amplitudes but not energy.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1916-1922
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H Boyd

Wave particle duality is a mistake. Another option was neither conceived nor debated, which is a better foundation for quantum mechanics. The Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW) is based on the idea that particles follow zero energy waves backwards. A particle cannot be identical with its wave if they travel in opposite directions. TEW is the only form of local realism that is consistent with the results of the experiment by Aspect, Dalibard and Roger (1982). Here we show that 1. although QM teaches that complementarity in a double slit experiment cannot be logically explained, TEW explains it logically, without wave function collapse, and 2. gives an unconventional explanation of the Davisson Germer experiment. 3. There is empirical evidence for countervailing waves and particles and 4. zero energy waves. 5. TEW clarifies our understanding of probability amplitudes and supports quantum math. 6. There is an untested experiment for which TEW and wave particle duality predict different outcomes. If TEW is valid, then wave particle duality is not necessary for quantum math, which is the most accurate and productive science ever. With a more solid foundation, new vistas of science open, such as the study of elementary waves.


2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (08) ◽  
pp. 1330002 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH M. RENES

Complementarity is one of the central mysteries of quantum mechanics, dramatically illustrated by the wave-particle duality in Young's double-slit experiment, and famously regarded by Feynman as "impossible, absolutely impossible to describe classically, [and] which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics" (emphasis original).1 The overarching goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that complementarity is also at the heart of quantum information theory, that it allows us to make (some) sense of just what information "quantum information" refers to, and that it is useful in understanding and constructing quantum information processing protocols.


Author(s):  
M. Suhail Zubairy

Young’s double-slit experiment played a crucial role in establishing the wave nature of light. In this chapter, the shocking result that incident electrons yield a similar interference pattern as that formed by light waves is described. It is shown that the only way the experimental results could be explained is via a wave function description of electrons. It is also shown that, in the same experiment, the interference fringes disappear if the which-path information becomes available. This is the essence of wave–particle duality. The first of the Einstein–Bohr debates on wave-particle duality and Bohr’s principle of complementarity in the double-slit experiment is also discussed. Also presented are the counterintuitive notions of delayed choice and quantum eraser effects showing how the availability or erasure of information generated in the future can affect how the data in the present can be interpreted.


Author(s):  
M. Suhail Zubairy

One of the earliest and most important tenets of quantum mechanics is the wave-particle duality: light behaves sometimes like a wave and at other times as particle and similarly an electron can also behave both like a particle and as a wave. When the formal laws of quantum mechanics are formulated, the central quantity that describes the particles is the wave function. This points to the need for a good understanding of the properties of the waves. This chapter introduces the concepts and most essential applications that are required to follow the discussion of quantum mechanical laws and systems. The basic characteristics of the waves, such as the superposition principle are presented, and the interference and the diffraction phenomena are discussed. The Young’s double slit experiment in analysed and the formation of interference pattern is explicitly shown. The Rayleigh criterion for the microscopic resolution is also derived.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (18) ◽  
pp. 1950139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Giné

The double-slit experiment is a demonstration of wave-particle duality and one of the most fundamental experiments that help us understand the nature of quantum mechanics. In this work, we give a new explanation of this experiment in terms of the uncertainty principle and vacuum fluctuations. This explanation allows one to understand why the electron interferes with itself when being shot through the double-slit.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Claude Elbaz

The Einstein’s program enables a theoretical economy for quantum double slit experiment, in its wave-particle duality behavior, with the unification of first and second quantifications for light and matter. It introduces a space-like amplitude function u(r,t), which completes the usual time-like functions ψ(r,t) of quantum mechanics and quantum fields. The Einstein’s program is founded upon a scalar field propagating at speed of light c. It forms a common relativist framework, for classical and quantum properties of matter and interactions. Matter properties derive from standing waves, and interactions from progressive waves. The classical domain arises in the geometrical optics approximation, when frequencies are infinitely high, and then hidden. The quantum domain corresponds to wave optics approximation. Adiabatic variations of frequencies yield electromagnetic interaction and dynamical laws of energy-momentum conservation and least action principle.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2470-2475
Author(s):  
Bheku Khumalo

This paper seeks to discuss why information theory is so important. What is information, knowledge is interaction of human mind and information, but there is a difference between information theory and knowledge theory. Look into information and particle theory and see how information must have its roots in particle theory. This leads to the concept of spatial dimensions, information density, complexity, particle density, can there be particle complexity, and re-looking at the double slit experiment and quantum tunneling. Information functions/ relations are discussed.


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