scholarly journals Leaf Blight Caused by Colletotrichum Fructicola of Large Cardamom (Amomum Subulatam Roxb.) an Important Cash Crop Grown in Sikkim, India

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Colletotrichum Fructicola ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Large Cardamom

Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.

scholarly journals Leaf Blight Caused by Colletotrichum Fructicola of Large Cardamom (Amomum Subulatam Roxb.) an Important Cash Crop Grown in Sikkim, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabita Gurung ◽  
Khashti Dasila ◽  
Bahadur Singh Bamaniya ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Laxuman Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Colletotrichum Fructicola ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Large Cardamom

Abstract Large cardamom (Amommum subulatum Roxb.) a high valued spice crop grown in Sikkim Himalaya is now facing a devastating leaf blight disease that has brought down the yield drastically. Present study was focused on identification of this major fungal pathogen based on the morphological and molecular characterization. During this study infected leaves of large cardamom with blighted appearance were collected from all the four districts of Sikkim. The pathogen was isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C. The mycelium was septate, hyaline, and 2-4 µm wide. The conidiospores were cylindrical with both ends rounded, sometimes oblong. Length and breadth were 11-12 µm and 3-4 µm, respectively. On the basis colony morphology, growth and microscopic observations, out of the total 48 samples studied Colletotrichum sp. was identified from 14 samples. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS4, ITS5 and ApMAT genes and phenotypic characters (colony morphology, microscopic features) the isolate (No. LC05) isolated from the sample collected from the village Assam Linzey, East Sikkim showed 100% homology with Colletotrichum fructicola from NCBI database. The pathogenicity of C. fructicola was also confirmed during the study. The fungal culture has been deposited at the NFCCI-ARI, Pune with an accession number NFCCI 4542 and the sequences have been deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession number (ITS) MN710587, (ApMAT) MW348934 respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of C. fructicola causing blight disease of large cardamom. Also the finding is very important to improve the disease control strategies of this high valued cash crop.

scholarly journals The effect of application of control techniques to the population, damage intensity of onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua hubner) and yield of shallots

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012109
Author(s):  
R A D Pangestu ◽  
Hadiwiyono ◽  
Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Abstract Shallot is an important cash crop in Indonesia. However, its productivity is relatively low, due to the attack of the onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner). This study aimed to identify the effect of the application of control techniques on the population, damage intensity, and shallots yield. This research was conducted by field experiment. Control treatment consisted of covering shallots by using gauze/net and insecticide treatment with active ingredients of profenofos, metomil, and carbosulfan. The research variables consisted of the population and the damage intensity of S. exigua, as well as the yield of shallots. The results showed that the caterpillars population of S. exigua was found at 16 DAP and increased up to before harvest at 44 DAP. Covering shallots with gauze effectively suppressed the population of S. exigua (0.0 per hills), followed by treatment with profenofos (0.14 per hills), carbosulfan (0.15 per hills), and methomyl 0.32 per hills). The damage intensity of S. exigua in the plot gauze covered was 0%, lower than 32%, 25%, 12%, 10%, respectively, in the control plot, treatment of metomil, carbosulfan, and profenofos. Covering shallots with gauze also increased the weight of wet-harvested tubers (50.83 g per hills).

A Study of Different Color Segmentation Techniques for Crop Bunch in Arecanut

2020 ◽  
pp. 1078-1105
Author(s):  
Siddesha S ◽  
S K Niranjan ◽  
V N Manjunath Aradhya
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Color Segmentation ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Image Dataset ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Maximum Similarity

Arecanut is an important cash crop of India and ranks first in the production. Arecanut crop bunch segmentation plays very vital role in the process of harvesting. Work on arecanut crop bunch segmentation is of first kind in the literature and this chapter mainly focuses on exploring different color segmentation techniques such as Thresholding, K-means clustering, Fuzzy C Means (FCM), Fast Fuzzy C Means clustering (FFCM), Watershed and Maximum Similarity based Region Merging (MSRM). The effectiveness of the segmentation methods are evaluated on our own collection of Arecanut image dataset of size 200.

Curvularia eragrostidis, a new threat to large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) causing leaf blight in Sikkim

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabita Gurung ◽  
Khashti Dasila ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Niladri Bag
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Large Cardamom

The farming landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-82
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Farming System ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Increased Pressure

This chapter describes the patterns of land use and the soils, vegetation, and landscape of Dlonguébougou. Climate change has brought greater concentration and intensity of rainfall, and farmers must cope with high variability. Millet is at the heart of the farming system, and sesame has become an important cash crop. While many young people go away on migration each year, the majority come back for 3 months to help their families at the height of the cultivation season. Increased pressure on land attributable to the spread of cultivation, scarcer quantities of manure for maintaining soil fertility, and the shift of labour from collective household activities to private farming of sesame have all led to a large fall in millet yields since 1980–1982.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Cotton Rhizosphere Soil in Alwar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Pratap Singh ◽  
Atul Kumar Johri ◽  
Meenakshi Dua
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
The State ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Important Cash Crop

ABSTRACT Cotton is an important cash crop for both the Indian economy and rural livelihoods. In the present study, metagenomic analysis is used to characterize microbial diversity in cotton rhizosphere soil from the Alwar district, located in the semiarid northeast region of the state of Rajasthan in India.

scholarly journals An Overview of Large Cardamom Sub-sector for the Improvement of Present Situation of Production, Processing and Marketing

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
M.B. Thapa ◽  
S. Dhimal
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Large Cardamom

Abstract available with the full text.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis on the Production of Large Cardamom in Panchathar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
A. K. Baniya ◽  
S. Karki ◽  
S. M. Dhungana ◽  
G. Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Large Cardamom

Available with full text.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Large Cardamom-Based Livelihoods in Panchthar District, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Local People ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Cardamom

The paper aims at analyzing the impact of climate change on large cardamom-based livelihoods in Panchthar district by reviewing literature and compiling perceptions of local people. Large cardamom, a newly introduced high-value cash crop grown in 36 hill and mountain districts in Nepal, is cultivated in all 41 Village Development Committees of Panchthar district concentrating largely in its northern and eastern parts at the elevations of roughly between 500 to 2000 meters above sea level. Though area coverage and production of large cardamom is limited compared to other crops, its contribution on people’s livelihood is significant as it has high market value. Production of large cardamom contributes much on people’s livelihoods as it is the main source of household income and provides seasonal employment to thousands of people from farm to the market. Some local cultural producers have also been using bi-products of large cardamom for production of handicrafts such as baskets, tablemats, bags, and window blinders. Besides, it has numerous indirect implications such as reduction in soil erosion and landslides, and increase in biodiversity and carbon’s tock. In recent years, production of large cardamom has been declining as a result of climate change induced factors. The decline adversely affects people’s livelihoods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11544The Third PoleVol. 13, 2013page : 33-38

A Study of Different Color Segmentation Techniques for Crop Bunch in Arecanut

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Siddesha S ◽  
S K Niranjan ◽  
V N Manjunath Aradhya
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Color Segmentation ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Image Dataset ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Maximum Similarity

Arecanut is an important cash crop of India and ranks first in the production. Arecanut crop bunch segmentation plays very vital role in the process of harvesting. Work on arecanut crop bunch segmentation is of first kind in the literature and this chapter mainly focuses on exploring different color segmentation techniques such as Thresholding, K-means clustering, Fuzzy C Means (FCM), Fast Fuzzy C Means clustering (FFCM), Watershed and Maximum Similarity based Region Merging (MSRM). The effectiveness of the segmentation methods are evaluated on our own collection of Arecanut image dataset of size 200.

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