scholarly journals Disturbance of Circadian Rhythms Extensively Affects Blood Biochemical Parameters and Serum miRNA Profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Huang ◽  
Huan Ma ◽  
Xi-Hui Gan ◽  
Si-Lin Li ◽  
Xiao-Hong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Serum Mirnas ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background: Circadian clock plays a critical role in synchronizing the inner molecular, metabolic and physiological processes to the environmental cues with a period of 24 h. Misalignment in the circadian rhythms leads to decreased adaptation and performance and increased risk of associated disorders. The non-24-h schedules and shift schedules are commonly used in maritime operations, both of which could result in disturbance of circadian rhythms.Methods: In this study, we recruited volunteers and conducted two experiments: in one experiment 15 subjects followed an 8-h on and 4-h off schedule (non-24-h schedule), and in the second experiment 12 subjects followed a 3-d rotary schedule with consecutive shift in sleep time (phase-changing schedule). The serum/blood biochemical variables were measured and the serum miRNAs of the volunteers in the second experiment were subjected to transcriptomic miRNA sequencing.Results: The results show both of the schedules caused comprehensive changes in the blood/serum biochemical variables. Notably, significant elevation in serum phosphate was observed in both experiments: 1.210 ± 0.141 in control and 1.330 ± 0.117 in recovery (P = 0.014) in the first experiment and 1.193 ± 0.152 in control and 1.343 ± 0.099 in recovery (P = 0.007) in the second experiment. In addition, a subset of serum miRNAs targeting genes involved in circadian rhythms, sleep homeostasis, phosphate metabolism and multiple critical physiological processes or pathways were identified in the second experiments.Conclusions: This study reveals that non-24-h and shift schedules lead to changes in a large spectrum of blood/serum biochemical variables due to circadian misalignment. Schedules with frequent shift may cause remarkable changes in serum miRNAs which are involved in multiple physiological pathways. These findings would help understand the deleterious effects of shift schedules and develop optimized strategy to enhance welfare and performance of the shift workers.

scholarly journals Circadian Misalignment Leads to Changes in Cortisol Rhythms, Blood Biochemical Variables and Serum miRNA Profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Huang ◽  
Huan Ma ◽  
Xi-Hui Gan ◽  
Si-Lin Li ◽  
Xiao-Hong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Serum Mirnas ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shift Schedules

Abstract Background: Circadian clock plays a critical role in synchronizing the inner molecular, metabolic and physiological processes to the environmental cues which cycle with a period of 24 h. Misalignment in the circadian rhythms leads to decrease in adaptation, performance and increased risk of associated disorders. The non-24-h schedules and shift schedules are commonly used in maritime operations, both of which could result in disturbance in circadian rhythms. The comprehensive effects of these schedules remain to be further elucidated.Methods: In this study, we firstly conducted an experiment in which the volunteers followed a 3-d rotary schedule with consecutive shift in sleep time (rotatory schedule), and analyzed the changes in salivary cortisol rhythms and blood variables. Next we conducted another experiment in which the volunteers followed an 8 h on and 4 h off schedule (non-24-h schedule) to compare the changes in blood/serum variables. Furthermore, the plasma miRNAs from the volunteers following the rotatory schedule were subject for miRNA sequencing. Results: The rotatory schedule led to elevated levels of serum cortisol during the early stage, and the phase became delayed during the early and stages. The results show both of the schedules caused comprehensive changes in blood/serum biochemical variable, and consistently, the increase in phosphate levels. In addition, a subset of serum miRNAs targeting genes involved in circadian rhythms, sleep homeostasis and multiple important physiological processes or pathways were identified in the experiment with rotatory schedule.Conclusions: This study revealed an increased stress during the rotatory schedule. Circadian misalignment caused by either non-24-h or rotatory schedule lead to extensive changes in blood/serum variables. As to the rotatory schedule, altered expression of serum miRNAs may account for the consequences of circadian misalignment. These findings would help understand the deleterious effects of shift schedules and optimize to enhance performance and welfare of the personnel working with similar schedules.

Circadian Rhythms in Competitive Sabre Fencers: Internal Desynchronization and Performance

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Reinberg ◽  
Sylvie Proux ◽  
Jean Pierre Bartal ◽  
Francis Lévi ◽  
Alena Bicakova-rocher
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Internal Desynchronization ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040922
Author(s):  
Bethany Villas ◽  
Uira Duarte Wisnesky ◽  
Sandra Campbell ◽  
Lauren Slavik ◽  
Amynah S. Mevawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.

Attention and Focus in Dance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Guss-West
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Professional Dancers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Professional Dancer

The Western approach to dance is largely focused on control and mastery of technique, both of which are certainly necessary skills for improving performance. But mindful attention, despite its critical role in high performance, has gotten short shrift—until now. Attention and Focus in Dance, a how-to book rooted in the 20 years of attentional focus findings of researcher Gabriele Wulf, will help dancers unlock their power and stamina reserves, enabling efficient movement, heightening their sensory perception and releasing their dance potential. Author Clare Guss-West—a professional dancer, choreographer, teacher and holistic practitioner—presents a systematic, science-based approach to the mental work of dance. Her approach helps dancers hone the skills of attention, focus and self-cueing to replenish energy and enhance their physical and artistic performance. A Unique, Research-Based Approach Here is what Attention and Focus in Dance offers readers: • A unique approach, connecting the foundations of Eastern movement with Western movement forms • Research-based teaching practices in diverse contexts, including professional dance companies, private studios, and programmes for dancers with special needs or movement challenges • Testimonies and tips from international professional dancers and dance educators who use the book's approach in their training and teaching • A dance-centric focus that can be easily integrated into existing training and teaching practice, in rehearsal, or in rehabilitation contexts to provide immediate and long-term benefits Guss-West explores attentional focus techniques for dancers, teachers and dance health care practitioners, making practical connections between research, movement theory and day-to-day dance practice. “Many dancers are using excessive energy deployment and significant counterproductive effort, and that can lead to a global movement dysfunction, lack of stamina and an increased risk of injury,” says Guss-West. “Attentional focus training is the most relevant study that sport science and Eastern-movement practice can bring to dance.” Book Organisation The text is organised into two parts. Part I guides dancers in looking at the attentional challenges and information overload that many professional dancers suffer from. It outlines the need for a systematic attention and focus strategy, and it explains how scientific research on attentional focus relates to dance practice. This part also examines the ways in which Eastern-movement principles intersect with and complement scientific findings, and it examines how the Eastern and scientific concepts can breathe new life into basic dance elements such as posture, turnout and port de bras. Attention and focus techniques are included for replenishing energy and protecting against energy depletion and exhaustion. Part II presents attention and focus strategies for teaching, self-coaching and cueing. It addresses attentional focus cues for beginners and for more advanced dancers and professionals, and it places attentional focus in the broader context of holistic teaching strategies. Maximising Dance Potential “Whether cueing others or yourself, cueing for high performance is an art,” Guss-West says. “Readers will discover how to format cues and feedback to facilitate effective neuromuscular response and enhance dancer recall of information and accessibility while dancing.” Attention and Focus in Dance offers an abundance of research-backed concepts and inspirational ideas that can help dancers in their learning and performance. This book aids readers in filtering information and directing their focus for optimal physical effect. Ultimately, it guides dancers and teachers in being the best version of themselves and maximising their potential in dance.

Reproductive traits and blood biochemical parameters of sows when using a vitamin feed additive “LipoCar”

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
I. A. Pushkaryev ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
S. V. Burtseva ◽  
N. A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Experimental Group

The reproductive traits of sows are of paramount importance in the production of high-quality pork. The world experience of pig farming shows the need to solve first of all the feed problem. Diets unbalanced in the content of vitamins restrain the manifestation of genetically inherent high prolificacy of sows. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of feeding the vitamin feed additive “LipoCar” on the reproductive traits of sows and the biochemical parameters of blood serum. The results of research on the introduction of vitamin feed additive “LipoCar” into the diet of pregnant sows have been presented in the article. The experiment has been carried out in the production conditions in JSC “Linevsky pedigree farm” on sows of Large White breed. Pregnant sows have received a basic diet, balanced for all the normalized elements of nutrition. Sows of the experimental group in the composition of the basic diet fed the feed additive “LipoCar”. The dosage of the drug “Lipocar” was 2,1 g/head/day. “Lipocar” has been fed for 20 days. The total duration of the experiment was 3 months. When introducing the vitamin feed additive “LipoCar” into the main diet of sows in the second half of pregnancy the increase in the number of piglets in the litter by 1,6-6,8 % and the weight of the litter – by 5,6-56,2 % (P ≤ 0,001) have been revealed in comparison with the control group of animals. There was a higher content of carotene in the blood serum of sows of the experimental group by 50,0 % (P ≤ 0,01), vitamin A - by 48,7 % (P ≤ 0,05), and total protein – by 4,9 % (P ≤ 0,05).

scholarly journals Childhood Executive Functioning Predicts Young Adult Outcomes in22q11.2Deletion Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery B. Albert ◽  
Tamara Abu-Ramadan ◽  
Wendy R. Kates ◽  
Wanda Fremont ◽  
Kevin M. Antshel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Adult Outcomes ◽  
Young Adult Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Performance

AbstractObjective:While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for a variety of functional impairments and psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, not all individuals with 22q11DS experience negative outcomes. Efforts to further understand which childhood variables best predict adult functional outcomes are needed, especially those that investigate childhood executive functioning abilities.Methods:This longitudinal study followed 63 individuals with 22q11DS and 43 control participants over 9 years. Childhood executive functioning ability was assessed using both rater-based and performance-based measures and tested as predictors of young adult outcomes.Results:Childhood global executive functioning abilities and parent report of child executive functioning abilities were the most consistent predictors of young adult outcomes. The study group moderated the relationship between child executive functioning and young adult outcomes for several outcomes such that the relationships were stronger in the 22q11DS sample.Conclusion:Rater-based and performance-based measures of childhood executive functioning abilities predicted young adult outcomes in individuals with and without 22q11DS. Executive functioning could be a valuable target for treatment in children with 22q11DS for improving not only childhood functioning but also adult outcomes.(JINS,2018,24, 905–916)

scholarly journals Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Eleftherios Veniamakis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Ultra Endurance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Athletes competing in ultra-endurance sports should manage nutritional issues, especially with regards to energy and fluid balance. An ultra-endurance race, considered a duration of at least 6 h, might induce the energy balance (i.e., energy deficit) in levels that could reach up to ~7000 kcal per day. Such a negative energy balance is a major health and performance concern as it leads to a decrease of both fat and skeletal muscle mass in events such as 24-h swimming, 6-day cycling or 17-day running. Sport anemia caused by heavy exercise and gastrointestinal discomfort, under hot or cold environmental conditions also needs to be considered as a major factor for health and performance in ultra-endurance sports. In addition, fluid losses from sweat can reach up to 2 L/h due to increased metabolic work during prolonged exercise and exercise under hot environments that might result in hypohydration. Athletes are at an increased risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) and limb swelling when intake of fluids is greater than the volume lost. Optimal pre-race nutritional strategies should aim to increase fat utilization during exercise, and the consumption of fat-rich foods may be considered during the race, as well as carbohydrates, electrolytes, and fluid. Moreover, to reduce the risk of EAH, fluid intake should include sodium in the amounts of 10–25 mmol to reduce the risk of EAH and should be limited to 300–600 mL per hour of the race.

scholarly journals Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and circadian rhythms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Saner ◽  
Matthew J-C Lee ◽  
Jujiao Kuang ◽  
Nathan W Pitchford ◽  
Gregory D Roach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Protein ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

AbstractSleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Given that exercise improves glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investigated whether exercise may counteract the effects induced by inadequate sleep. We report that sleeping 4 hours per night, for five nights, reduced glucose tolerance, with novel observations of associated reductions in mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and measures of circadian rhythmicity; however, incorporating three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) during this period mitigates these effects. These data demonstrate, for the first time, a sleep loss-induced concomitant reduction in a range of physiological processes linked to metabolic function. These same effects are not observed when exercise is performed during a period of inadequate sleep, supporting the use of HIIE as an intervention to mitigate the detrimental physiological effects of sleep loss.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document