scholarly journals Environmental and Biological Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides in the City of Salamanca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Castro ◽  
Diana Olivia Rocha ◽  
Tania Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Alejandro Alegria ◽  
Gustavo Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Median Level ◽  
Industrial Unit ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The City

Abstract The former Tekchem Industrial Unit located in the city of Salamanca, Mexico, constitutes an environmental liability in which the presence of high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been reported. In the present study, levels of OCPs were quantified using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry in 52 soil samples and in 88 blood samples from school-age children in the city of Salamanca. A median concentration of 70.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276) was obtained for total OCPs in soil, while for the total sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) the value was 49.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276). In children, the median level of the total sum of OCPs was 390 ng/g lipid (7.34 - 14895), and for the total sum of DDT was 175 ng/g lipid (<LOD - 14802). The OCPs that resulted in highest concentrations in soil were DDT and its metabolites, as well as aldrin and heptachlor epoxide; while in blood the highest levels corresponded to 4,4’-DDT and its metabolites, followed by heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The spatial distribution of the concentrations of OCPs in soil shows that the facilities of Teckchem may be a significant potential source for the dispersion of these compounds towards the metropolitan area of Salamanca. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the presence of OCPs in soil and in child population, providing important bases to study the problem from a broader perspective, while reiterating the importance of continuing efforts to generate resolute and precautionary measures with respect to the environmental liability of Tekchem.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of some Organochlorine Pesticides in Cowpea from South-South of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki Odion ◽  
Stella Folajole Usifoh ◽  
Joel Okhumen Abolagba ◽  
John Oamen Igene ◽  
Cyril Odianose Usifoh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Organochlorine pesticides used illegally in the storage of cowpeas by some farmers to prevent attack by weevils were known to affect the health of human adversely. Objectives: This study determined the mean concentration of aldrin, o,p΄-DDT, endosulfan, heptachlor epoxide and γ-HCH collected from some markets in South-South of Nigeria, compared these concentrations with set standards and ascertained the incidence of occurrence in cowpeas.  Methods: Forty-eight samples of cowpeas were randomly collected from local markets, identified, authenticated, extracted with dichloromethane using Soxhlet apparatus, cleaned-up with silica gel and analysed in a GC-MS using Restek column. Results: The mean concentration of aldrin (445.08±6.43) µg/kg, heptachlor epoxide (188.84±3.42) µg/kg, o,p΄-DDT (182.24±5.13) µg/kg, endosulfan (142.94±2.05) µg/kg and γ-HCH (243.90±4.01) µg/kg in some markets were high and above the maximum residual limit. Conclusion: Organochlorine pesticides are used in most of the markets in south-south Nigeria for the preservation of cowpeas and in some cases, two or more were detected in a given sample, which could be due to the addition of a combination of pesticides. The need for regular monitoring by regulatory agencies and for sensitisation of both the farmers and merchants on the danger of using these pesticides in cowpeas preservation is therefore germane.

scholarly journals “The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Proponents’ Brief

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Michelle Conklin ◽  
Jake L’Ecuyer ◽  
Nicole Morgan ◽  
Natalie Proracki ◽  
Tom Schiks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Alternative Site ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The City

This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Foods from Hsinchu, Taiwan

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-An Doong ◽  
Chen-Yu Lee ◽  
Yuh-Chang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract The levels of contamination with various organochlorine pesticides (such as total HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, and total DDT) of different foods from 3 traditional markets were determined to estimate Taiwanese daily intake of organochlorine pesticides. Of the 18 organochlorine pesticides investigated, α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, δ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, α-endosulfan, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDT were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 10.2 ng/g wet weight. Contamination with organochlorine pesticides followed the order heptachlor &gt; dieldrin &gt; α-endosulfan &gt; HCH isomers &gt; heptachlor epoxide &gt; DDT. Frequencies of detection of organochlorine pesticide residues ranged from 2.0 to 52.3%. α-Endosulfan was the most frequently detected organochlorine pesticide in the foods analyzed, followed by heptachlor epoxide (47.6%) and α-HCH (38.9%). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of organochlorine pesticides from foods were 1.137 μg for total HCH, 2.147 μg for heptachlor, 0.702 μg for heptachlor epoxide, 0.624 μg for endosulfan, 0.098 μg for cyclodiene, and 0.541 μg for total DDT. These EDIs were only 0.075% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for lindane, 47.5% of ADI for heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, 0.045% of ADI for total DDT, and 1.01% of ADI for aldrin and dieldrin. Therefore, consumption of the foods analyzed does not pose a risk to consumer health.

Multiresidue Gas Chromatographic Method for Determining Organochlorine Pesticides in Meats: Validation Study for Swine and Beef Fats

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-944
Author(s):  
James A Ault ◽  
Timothy E Spurgeon ◽  
Douglas S Gillard ◽  
Edward T Mallinson
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Abstract A validation of a previously studied method for determining organochlorine residues in poultry fat was conducted to extend the usefulness of the method to beef and swine fats. The validation samples consisted of 16 materials all analyzed in duplicate. Fortification levels ranged from 0.02 to 1.2 ppm for a-BHC, lindane, cis- and Irans-chlordane, octachlor epoxide, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, mirex, and toxaphene. The average recovery was 101 % with a range of 7 9 - 113%, not including toxaphene. The ranges of coefficients of variation wtreCV. = 0-23.37% and CVX = 3.74-26.19%. The results were comparable to the previous collaborative study of the same method for poultry fat. The extended method has been adopted official first action

scholarly journals Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides and Chlorobenzenes in Strawberries by Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction Combined with Sorptive Enrichment and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Wennrich ◽  
Peter Popp ◽  
Gábor Köller ◽  
Jürgen Breuste
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Accelerated Solvent Extraction ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract An analytical scheme for the determination of several organochlorine pesticides like hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and DDX compounds (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT) as well as chlorobenzenes in strawberries has been developed. The procedure is based on aqueous accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by solidphase microextraction (SPME) or stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and subsequent thermodesorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. A 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber was chosen for the SPME experiments. Significant SPME and ASE parameters were optimized using spiked water and strawberry samples. For the ASE of the organochlorine compounds, a water–acetone mixture (90 + 10, v/v) as the extraction solvent, an extraction temperature of 120°C, and 2 cycles of 10 min extraction proved optimal. The developed method was evaluated with respect to precision and limits of detection (LOD). The relative standard deviations of replicate ASE–SPME determinations (n = 5) were in the range of 4–24%. LOD values between 1 and 10 μ g/kg were achieved with the exception of DDT and DDE (40 μg/kg). Using SBSE, the LOD of these compounds could be improved (2 and 5 μg/kg). The main advantages of this method are the avoidance of cleanup and concentration procedures as well as the significant reduction of the required volume of organic solvents. The described method was applied to the determination of the pollutants in strawberry samples collected from different allotment gardens in a potentially polluted area, the Bitterfeld-Wolfen region (Germany).

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