scholarly journals Keeping An Eye On Environmental Quality in Tanzania as Trade, Industrialization, Income and Urbanization Continue To Grow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwoya Byaro ◽  
Gemma Mafwolo ◽  
Hozen Mayaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract By applying the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) bounds testing method, this study examines the short and long-term dynamic relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth (Gross Domestic Product), industrialization, trade and urban population in Tanzania from 1990 to 2020. The study found that economic growth, trade, industrialization, and the urban population all contributed to the increase in environmental degradation (i.e. carbon dioxide emissions). However, we found that financial credit (i.e. domestic credit to the private sector) reduces carbon dioxide emissions, but its effects are not significant. Our findings revealed that economic growth (i.e. income) was responsible for both short and long-term increases in carbon dioxide emissions in Tanzania. Economic growth is harmful to the environmental quality above a threshold value of 6.23%. Our findings suggest that policy makers should monitor and use the threshold levels to manage carbon dioxide emissions and to protect the environmental quality. Further, a strong focus should be placed on formulating environmental policies (i.e. carbon tax policy) as industrialization, urban population, economic growth and trade continue to grow in future, restricting carbon dioxide emissions and safeguarding the environment.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESMENT OUTFLOWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: HIDDEN COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Ahmet Emrah TAYYAR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

The relationship between foreign direct investment, which is a type of cross-border and long-term investment, and environmental quality is a current issue that is heavily debated. Foreign direct invesments can ensure economic growth and development of countries, while also causing a change in environmental quality. In the research conducted, it is seen that changes in carbon dioxide emissions with foreign direct capital inflows are mainly investigated from the point of view of the host countries. However, foreign direct invesment outflows may have an impact on the environmental quality of the home country. Because foreign direct invesment outflows can enable the transfer of more environmentally friendly techonogies to the country and strengthen management skills. The impact of foreign direct investment outflows on the home country's environmental pollution is shaped by many factors (scale, technique, and composition effects). In addition to these effects, it is necessary to pay attention to the regional and sectoral distribution of capital outflows. The main aim of this study is to examine the links between Turkey's foreign direct invesment outflows and carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1990-2018. For this reason, a unit root test was applied to variables whose natural logarithm was taken. Tests showed that all series are stable of the same degree. Engle&Granger(1987) and Granger&Yoon(2002) tests were used to determine the cointegration relationship between variables. The crouching error correction model(CECM) was applied to determine the causality relationship. According to the results of the analysis; i) In terms of the Engle&Granger(1987) test, there was no long-term relationship between variables. ii) According to the Granger&Yoon(2002) test, it was determined that there is a bidirectional hidden cointegration relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iii) There is a bidirectional asymmetric causality relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and the negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iv) It is observed that 1% negative shocks in foreign direct invesment outflows reduce positive shocks in carbon dioxide emissions by 0,26%. As a result, since negative situations in foreign direct invesment outflows have an effect on improving the quality of the environment, the environmental dimension should be taken into account in the policies to be made.

scholarly journals Investigating the Income Inequality in Indonesia: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Zulfa Nazli ◽  
Abd. Jamal ◽  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study investigates the effect of economic growth, urban population, unemployment, and human capital on income inequality in Indonesia. Annual data collected from World Development Indicator (WDI) is used from 1984 to 2019. The analytical method of this research is Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to examine the short and long-term relationships. The results show that economic growth positively and significantly affects income inequality in the short and long term. The urban population variable has a significant negative effect in the short term but not in the long term. The unemployment variable has a significant positive effect in the long run. Finally, human capital negatively affects the short term while not in the long term. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government stabilize inequality by increasing progressive taxes, creating jobs, providing soft skills training beyond formal education, and socializing the concept of commuter work.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth and Environmental Quality Nexus: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen Safdar ◽  
Hina Ghaffar ◽  
Fatima Farooq ◽  
Malka Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Labor Ratio ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio

The linkage between trade liberalization, environmental quality and economic growth is becoming an increasingly popular issue in environmental economics in recent decades. In view of Pakistan’s position as one of the main contributors to carbon dioxide emissions in Asia, it is vital to identify the main determinants of carbon dioxide emissions. The present study empirically investigates the long run association among trade liberalization, environmental quality and economic growth along with other variables energy use and capital labor ratio in Pakistan for the period 1980-2018. The results also indicate that there is inverted U shape relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions, hence the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid in Pakistan during 1980-2018. Trade openness has a negative significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions. Capital labor ratio effects and energy use have a direct relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that environmental quality is first declined by economic growth but with further increase in growth, environmental quality is improved which supports the existence of Environmental Kuznet curve hypothesis in Pakistan during that time span.          Furthermore, results also show that trade openness has positive significant impact on environmental quality.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth and Environmental Quality Nexus: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1087
Author(s):  
Noreen Safdar ◽  
Hina Ghaffar ◽  
Fatima Farooq ◽  
Malka Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Labor Ratio ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio

The linkage between trade liberalization, environmental quality and economic growth is becoming an increasingly popular issue in environmental economics in recent decades. In view of Pakistan’s position as one of the main contributors to carbon dioxide emissions in Asia, it is vital to identify the main determinants of carbon dioxide emissions. The present study empirically investigates the long run association among trade liberalization, environmental quality and economic growth along with other variables energy use and capital labor ratio in Pakistan for the period 1980-2018. The results also indicate that there is inverted U shape relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions, hence the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid in Pakistan during 1980-2018. Trade openness has a negative significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions. Capital labor ratio effects and energy use have a direct relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that environmental quality is first declined by economic growth but with further increase in growth, environmental quality is improved which supports the existence of Environmental Kuznet curve hypothesis in Pakistan during that time span. Furthermore, results also show that trade openness has positive significant impact on environmental quality.

scholarly journals The Economic Determinants of the CO2 Emission in Saudi Arabia: The role and impact: المحددات الاقتصادية لانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في المملكة العربية السعودية "الدور والأثر"

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Hassan ALmalki, Nahla Sadrudden Samargandi, Abla Abdulh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Economic Determinants

This study examined the impact of a number of economic determinants such as economic growth, electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, financial development, trade openness and their contribution to increase or decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Saudi Arabia. To explore the long-run relationships between the variables, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, is employed to analyze time series data for the period 1980-2017. Results indicates that there has is a long-term positive relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions. A long-term negative relationship is existed between both foreign direct investment and the financial development, and carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, we see how important it is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy in electricity production. This indicates the importance of Vision 2030 to reduce dependence on oil as a major source of income and to support economic growth by developing the non-oil sector. And the importance of raising the efficiency of funding and providing the necessary liquidity to support the industrial sectors with the imposition of strict environmental laws.        

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Standardization on Energy Demand and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Ren Liu ◽  
Zhonghang Wang ◽  
Haihong Chen ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Carbon Neutrality

The 14th Five-Year Plan is the first five-year period in which China begins a new journey to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and also the first five-year period after China set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. In this important historical context, the energy development of China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period will be of great historical transformation significance. As a crucial factor, the trend of energy development during the 14th Five-Year will have a direct impact on the medium and long-term economic and social development, as well as on our confidence in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. The improvement of standardization is conducive to promoting China’s energy demand and economic growth, and it plays an important role in peaking carbon dioxide emissions and reaching the goal of carbon neutrality in the future.

Impact of tillage management on the short- and long-term soil carbon dioxide emissions in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Dong ◽  
Enke Liu ◽  
Jianbo Wang ◽  
Changrong Yan ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals The impact of a carbon tax on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Conefrey ◽  
John D. Fitz Gerald ◽  
Laura Malaguzzi Valeri ◽  
Richard S.J. Tol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
The Impact

Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-432
Author(s):  
Mohammed Touitou ◽  
Raquel Langarita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Auto Regressive

This article examines how economic growth affects the environment through the lens of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, by testing the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for the case of Algeria during the period 1973–2016. For this, the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is used. The results of the econometric analysis confirm the existence of a positive long-term relationship between CO2 emissions and real GDP and show that the direction of this relationship goes from economic growth to CO2 emissions according to Granger causality tests. Specifically, for a developing country like Algeria, economic growth determines the level of emissions. This implies that an energy policy in favour of the environment can be put in place without risking negative repercussions on economic growth. In addition, the results of the ARDL regression validate EKC’s hypothesis: in the first phase, economic growth leads to a higher level of CO2 emissions, however, when a given threshold (inflection point) is reached, these emissions decrease. JEL Codes: O10, O47, Q50, Q53

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