Investigating the Income Inequality in Indonesia: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

This study investigates the effect of economic growth, urban population, unemployment, and human capital on income inequality in Indonesia. Annual data collected from World Development Indicator (WDI) is used from 1984 to 2019. The analytical method of this research is Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to examine the short and long-term relationships. The results show that economic growth positively and significantly affects income inequality in the short and long term. The urban population variable has a significant negative effect in the short term but not in the long term. The unemployment variable has a significant positive effect in the long run. Finally, human capital negatively affects the short term while not in the long term. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government stabilize inequality by increasing progressive taxes, creating jobs, providing soft skills training beyond formal education, and socializing the concept of commuter work.

Evaluation of Senior High School History’s Program Curriculum Implementation of Curriculum 2013 in the Province of DKI Jakarta

The purpose in this study to evaluate of Senior High School (SMA) Historys Program Curriculum Implementation in Jakarta Province. This study used the CIPPO program evaluation model includes: (1) Context, consisting of the fundamental framework, curriculum standards, and curriculum goals; (2), Input, consisting of elements of curriculum developers, principal, teacher, and student; (3) Process, consisting of planning, learning, and assessments; (4) Product, and the effect of history (5) Outcomes, consisting of history.This research is qualitative with documentation studies, interviews, and observations, which are then enriched with a quantitative data in the form of tests. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusions. The population studied were SMAN 70, SMAN 48, SMAN 77, and SMAN 18 which implemented Curriculum 2013 and opened a class Science Social Knowledge (IPS) where the subjects of History Indonesia and History Interest in the same academic Interest in Students. The results of the study show that there is a systemic bias, starting from stakeholder understanding, curriculum documents, processes by teachers, learning outcomes, to learning outcomes in the implementation of the High School History Curriculum in the 2013 Curriculum in DKI Jakarta Province.

Comparison of Performance from Green Bonds and Conventional Bonds Traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Bonds are types of securities in the form of a debt acknowledgment letter for loan money from the public in a certain form, but with a minimum tenor of three years and promise of interest rewards in which the amount and payment have been determined in advance. Looking at the current global problems regarding degradation of environmental equality and climate change, bonds were developed where the proceeds of issuance were exclusively applied to finance environmentally friendly projects, is green bonds. However, the issuance of green bonds in Indonesia is slight. This research aims to find out the comparison of individual performance of green bonds and conventional bonds traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method used to measure performance is Sharpe Ratio. The result indicates that performance of green bond worse than conventional bond. This research can be used as a consideration for investor in making investment based on performance.

Strengthening Personal Data Protection, Cyber Security, and Improving Public Awareness in Indonesia: Progressive Legal Perspective

The development of technology, communication, and the internet has positive and negative influences on all sectors of life in society. One of the negative impacts and problems is the alleged criminal act of buying and selling data and the absence of a special law (lex specialist) regarding the regulation of Indonesian personal data. The purpose of this research is to analyze in-depth the efforts to strengthen the protection of personal data, cyber security, and increase public awareness of the perspective of Progressive Law in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method using secondary data, a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. This scientific paper concludes that the Synergy of Ministries and related institutions (Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary) is the key to protecting personal data and cyber resilience. Then, strengthening efforts should be made, namely immediately passing the Draft Law on Personal Data Protection (RUU PDP), forming an independent institution. However, if at this time a dispute occurs, it can be resolved by Article 30 of the ITE Law and the PMH Lawsuit (Tort), supported by a progressive legal approach and futuristic interpretation by the judge examining the quo case. The synergy of government agencies, the private sector, and other stakeholders is needed to increase public awareness by increasing education/dissemination of efforts to prevent misuse of personal data.

Child Rights and Human Security: Promoting Child Protection At The Tourist Attractions On Madura

Tourism nowadays is a promising as well as challenging industry. The need for having leisure, relaxation, and inner satisfaction is not of the tertiary nature, but the primary one. Each country, of course, is actively improving its own tourist attractions for its economic growth. Madura, as a big island in East Java with many tourist attractions, is in a continuous improvement in the last five years. Unfortunately, child protection has not been considered a significant part of the designing of good tourism. Given that children are the main targets of tourism, good, peaceful tourism will be realized with the fulfillment of child rights at the tourist attractions. This paper is a socio-legal research work that uses primary data from observations and interviews with relevant respondents. All of the data are analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. This paper aims at exploring and analyzing the efforts made by local governments in promoting child protection through human security at the tourist attractions on Madura. Moreover, it also describes the obstacles faced by these local governments along with some solutions to such obstacles. The main finding is Sampang Regency has initiated a role of the service in charge in child protection, which is currently assumed by the Social Service, across all regional strategic development fields, including the tourism sector.

Typological Analysis and Development of District Area Based on Potential Sectors in Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia

The decentralization of Indonesia allowed the development in the regency level to improve to the highest level. However, the impact can only be maximized by utilizing the potential economy embodied in the regent. This study investigates the development of the Pasaman Regency by analyzing the potential sector and the stage development of the sector. Therefore, this study uses mixed research methods with explorative approaches and uses Contribution Sectors Analysis, Location Quotient Analysis model, Shift Share Analysis model, and Klassen typological analysis model, The data used is the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Pasaman Regency and West Sumatra Province in the period 2010 until 2019 and data on the production of the Pasaman Regency base sector in each district in 2015-2019. The result showed that the agricultural, fisheries, and forestry sectors have the largest contribution to the GRDP of Pasaman Regency which is 55.51%, then the sector that belongs to the base sector with the value of LQ>1, namely the agricultural, fisheries, and forestry sectors. The sectors that experienced a net change or shift and had a positive value and the highest level of excellence were the agricultural, fisheries, and forestry sectors of 10,718,410,000. Klassen Typology Analysis is based on the base sector, namely the agricultural, fisheries, and forestry sectors with the largest contribution to the fisheries sector so that the grouping of regions using fisheries data with the results of Panti and South Rao Districts is classified as advanced areas and Lubuk Sikaping and Mapat Tunggul Selatan districts are classified as lagging areas. There is a shift in territory caused by land transfer, changes in the profession, and accessibility. The development of district areas in Pasaman Regency through the fishery sector in the form of fish cultivation, fish feed factories, and fish processing industries is expected to improve the welfare of the community, especially sub-districts that are not classified as developed areas so that the trickle-down effect and the realization of equitable distribution

Implementation of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection Policy in Sukabumi City, West Java, Indonesia

The population increase and regional development are causes of decreasing agricultural land. For supporting agricultural land protection, Sukabumi City issued a Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection Policy in Sukabumi City (LP2B) which determines 321 ha land as eternal agricultural land. This study examines a level LP2B policy implementation in Sukabumi City. Factors that will be considered: the level of land readiness as LP2B, the level of an implementation incentive program, the level of response and availability of farmers, and the level of infrastructure and information systems readiness. The analytical method used is a descriptive method through collecting data by interviewed farmers, government and reviewing documents related to LP2B policies. The results of the study show that for land readiness, in early 2021 Sukabumi city is ready for about 10.024% % from total planned land. For the implementation of LP2B incentive program, the majority of farmers has not experienced the incentive program. For the farmer’s response and availability, the majority of farmers does not know about LP2B policy, 80% of owner farmers are ready to provide their land into LP2B with some conditions. The availability of irrigation infrastructure in Sukabumi City is very good, where more than 75% of respondents rice fields has an irrigation system. Related to LP2B information system, Sukabumi City has issued a Mayor Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerning LP2B Information System in Sukabumi City, but this system has not been optimal in providing basic information that is required to exist in a LP2B information system.

Urban Planning and E-Commerce: Understanding the Impact During Pandemic Covid-19 in Jakarta

In this digital era, online shopping is kind of behaviour that many people do. E-commerce appears and can gradually replace the existence of conventional market. Especially, this behaviour increasing during this pandemic COVID-19. During the pandemic, there has been a change in habits and activities ranging from working from home, school from home to service trading activities starting to switch to an online service trading system. In order to manage sustainable urban planning, it is important to consider the likely effects of e-commerce. Increasing e-commerce can bring influence also impact to urban planning in a city. This research explores the consumer behaviour regarding e-commerce activities and the influence toward urban planning. DKI Jakarta is chosen as the study location and the policies related to the pandemic COVID-19 in Jakarta are also considered as a literature review. This research using expert judgement as a method of determining aspects of urban planning that are influenced by e-commerce activities and combining the analysis of planning documents and reports as well. Furthermore, e-commerce activities during pandemic COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta have several impacts in urban planning. The implication in urban planning still remains unclear since people still have hybrid consumer behaviour. Besides, it still takes a long time to see a significant impact toward e-commerce to urban planning in DKI Jakarta.

Determinants of Price Fluctuation for Cooking Oil Commodity in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Aceh Province is still one of the regions in Indonesia whose primary commodities are still largely dependent on other regions that can cause uncontrolled fluctuations in the price especially cooking oil product. One step to overcome these problems is to make accurate price fluctuation predictions so preventive actions can be taken to minimize error estimation of these fluctuations so appropriate policies can be applied. This study focuses on analyzing of forecasting fluctuations in cooking oil prices and the influence of its determinants in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. Price forecasting uses the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) approach and determinant estimation uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The data used in this study is time-series monthly data from January 2016 to December 2020 from Statistics Indonesia publication. The results of price forecasting show that the monthly price of cooking oil for 2021 and 2022 tends to increase. In early 2021, it is predicted that the price of cooking oil will be in the range of IDR14,500/kg and at the end of the year and early 2022 it is predicted to touch the price range of IDR15,500/kg. Then at the end of 2022 it is predicted that the price of cooking oil will reach IDR17,000/kg. Furthermore, the results of the econometric estimation show that all of the variable determinants have a significant effect on cooking oil prices fluctuations. The variable price of raw materials and the price index received by farmers were found to have a positive effect, while the rainfall variable was found to have a negative effect on cooking oil price fluctuation. According to these findings, it is hoped that the Aceh Provincial Government will be able to take strategic policies on the predicted prices and determinant of variables that have been proven to have a significant effect on cooking oil prices so in the future price fluctuations can be more stable and supply of goods can be maintained, as well as increase the competitiveness of provincial agricultural products.

The Theories of Transnational Terrorism, Relative Deprivation and Fundamentalism in Terrorism Act: The Case Study in Indonesia

This research aims to describe the concept of transnational terrorism, relative deprivation and fundamentalism in various terrorism acts that occurred in Indonesia. The research method is qualitative and the type of research is explanatory that explain the cause of terrorism acts that influence by the global actors, fundamentalist that reject the changes and also satisfy the expectation in many aspects in the country from economics to the politics. The results of this research indicate that most of the terrorism cases in Indonesia has various motives starting from their mission in bringing the country led by a caliphate to enforcing the regulations of the country based on the Islamic teachings. Viewed from the perspective of social movements, framing, and resource mobilization strategies seen in the rejection‟s movements of the Transnational Islamic Organization. In addition, the political opportunity structure in the reformation era makes the system and political structure existed became more open. It has provided an opportunity for Transnational Islamic Organization to conduct its movement in criticizing the government.