scholarly journals Assessing Socioeconomic Drought Based on a Standardized Supply and Demand Water Index

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Chuang Xu ◽  
Pan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Water Index

Abstract Socioeconomic drought is a phenomenon of water shortage caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources in natural and human socioeconomic systems. Occurrence of these droughts is closely related to sustainable socioeconomic development. However, compared with meteorological drought, hydrological drought and agricultural drought, socioeconomic drought has received relatively little attention. Therefore, this paper proposes a universal and relatively simple socioeconomic drought assessment index, the Standardized Supply and Demand Water Index (SSDWI). Taking the Jianjiang River Basin (JJRB) in Guangdong Province, China as an example, socioeconomic drought characteristics and trends during 1985-2019 were analyzed. The return period of different levels of drought were calculated using a copula function to estimate the risk of socioeconomic drought in the basin, and the relationship between socioeconomic, meteorological, and hydrological droughts and their potential drivers were discussed. The results showed that: (1) SSDWI was a better index for characterizing socioeconomic drought in the JJRB. 29 socioeconomic droughts occurred in the basin during the past 35 years, with an average duration of 6.16 months and an average severity of 5.82 per events. Socioeconomic droughts mainly occurred in autumn and winter, which also had more severe droughts than other seasons. (2) In the JJRB, the joint return periods of ‘∪’ and ‘∩’ for moderate drought, severe drought and extreme drought were 8.81a and 10.81a, 16.49a and 26.44a, and 41.68a and 91.13a, respectively; (3) Due to the increasing outflow from Gaozhou Reservoir, the risk of socioeconomic drought and hydrological drought in the JJRB has significantly declined since 2008. The reasonable operation of the reservoir has played an important role in alleviating the hydrological and socioeconomic drought in the basin.

Satellite Data Based Soil Water Index as a Tool to Monitor Droughts and Agricultural Crisis -An Example of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Vijendra Boken
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
June July

Yavatmal is one of the drought prone districts in Maharashtra state of India and has witnessed an agricultural crisis to the extent that hundreds of its farmers have committed suicides in recent years. Satellite data based products have previously been used globally for monitoring and predicting of drought, but not for monitoring their extreme impacts that may include farmer-suicides. In this study, the performance of the Soil Water Index (SWI) derived from the surface soil moisture estimated by the European Space Agency’s Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) is assessed. Using the 2007-2015 data, it was found that the relationship of the SWI anomaly was bit stronger (coefficient. of correlation = 0.59) with the meteorological drought or precipitation than with the agricultural drought or crop yields of major crops (coefficient. of correlation = 0.50).  The farmer-suicide rate was better correlated with the SWI anomaly averaged annually than with the SWI anomaly averaged only for the monsoon months (June, July, August, and September). The correlation between the SWI averaged annually increased to 0.89 when the averages were taken for three years, with the highest correlation occurring between the suicide rate and the SWI anomaly averaged for three years. However, a positive relationship between SWI and the suicide rate indicated that drought was not a major factor responsible for suicide occurrence and other possible factors responsible for suicide occurrence need to examine in detail.

scholarly journals Drought Identification and Trend Analysis Using Long-Term CHIRPS Satellite Precipitation Product in Bundelkhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Pandey ◽  
Prashant K Srivastava ◽  
Sudhir K Singh ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Mall
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Drought hazard mapping and its trend analysis has become indispensable due to the aggravated impact of drought in the era of climate change. Sparse observational networks with minimal maintenance limit the spatio-temporal coverage of precipitation data, which has been a major constraint in the effective drought monitoring. In this study, high-resolution satellite-derived Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data has been used for computation of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The study was carried out in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India, known for its substantial drought occurrences with poor drought management plans and lack of effective preparedness. Very limited studies have been carried out in assessing the spatio-temporal drought in this region. This study aims to identify district-wide drought and its trend characterization from 1981 to 2018. The run theory was applied for quantitative drought assessment; whereas, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was performed for trend analysis at seasonal and annual time steps. Results indicated an average of nine severe drought events in all the districts in the last 38 years, and the most intense drought was recorded for the Jalaun district (1983–1985). A significant decreasing trend is observed for the SPI1 (at 95% confidence level) during the post-monsoon season, with the magnitude varying from −0.16 to −0.33 mm/month. This indicates the increasing severity of meteorological drought in the area. Moreover, a non-significant falling trend for short-term drought (SPI1 and SPI3) annually and short- and medium-term drought (SPI1, SPI3, and SPI6) in winter months have been also observed for all the districts. The output of the current study would be utilized in better understanding of the drought condition through elaborate trend analysis of the SPI pattern and thus helps the policy makers to devise a drought management plan to handle the water crisis, food security, and in turn the betterment of the inhabitants.

scholarly journals ASSESSING DROUGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF MELAKA BASIN USING JOINT METEOROLOGICAL AND STREAMFLOW INDICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee An Hong ◽  
Jer Lang Hong ◽  
Izihan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Hydrological Droughts ◽  
Drought Occurrence ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

In this study, drought occurrence in the Melaka basin has been assessed using the meteorological and hydrological drought indices. A continuous rainfall and streamflow data of 40 years were used for drought analysis. Results show that in terms of meteorological drought index, the severe drought occurred in 1986-1988. The streamflow drought index indicates that the extreme drought occurred in 1982-1984. Further analysis based on seasonal precipitation and streamflow data shows that there is no drought for 79% of the time for the period 1960-2000 where there are hydrological records. For most of the dry and wet seasons, it is more likely that the frequency of occurrence of hydrological droughts only is higher than the frequency of occurrence of meteorological and hydrological droughts simultaneously or only meteorological droughts.

scholarly journals A 40-Year Analysis of the Hydrological Drought Index for the Tigris Basin, Turkey

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Arzu Ozkaya ◽  
Yeliz Zerberg
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Monthly Streamflow ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Almost All

Drought is a natural disaster that occurs globally when water availability is significantly below normal levels. Drought assessment is important for water resource planning, and therefore indexes can be used to characterize drought magnitudes. Using the monthly streamflow data at 47 stations from 1972 to 2011, the streamflow drought index (SDI) series with 3- (SDI-3), 6- (SDI-6), and 12-month (SDI-12) time scales were calculated, and the hydrological drought of the upper Tigris Basin in Turkey has been assessed. The results showed that almost all stations experienced at least one severe drought during the study period. The results revealed that since the early 1990s the study area has become drier. Using the data for a 12-month period and the area of the sub-basins for each flow monitoring station, area-weighted SDI-12 (WSDI) values were constructed. According to the WSDI results, the intensity and number of drought conditions increased during every 10-year period. This outcome has been verified using the maps of averaged SDI-12 values over the Tigris Basin. We noticed from observations of the maps that the time domain zones in lower latitudes experienced drought earlier as compared with zones in higher latitudes.

scholarly journals Drought propagation and construction of a comprehensive drought index based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and empirical Kendall distribution function (<i>K</i><sub>C′</sub>): a case study for the Jinta River basin in northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1335
Author(s):  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Xiaoling Su ◽  
Kai Feng
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Kendall Distribution ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Hydrological Variables

Abstract. Monitoring drought and mastering the laws of drought propagation are the basis for regional drought prevention and resistance. Multivariate drought indicators considering meteorological, agricultural and hydrological information may fully describe drought conditions. However, series of hydrological variables in cold and arid regions that are too short or missing make it difficult to monitor drought. This paper proposed a method combining Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and empirical Kendall distribution function (KC′) for drought monitoring. The SWAT model, based on the principle of runoff formation, was used to simulate the hydrological variables of the drought evolution process. Three univariate drought indexes, namely meteorological drought (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; SPEI), agricultural drought (standardized soil moisture index; SSI) and hydrological drought (standardized streamflow drought index; SDI), were constructed using a parametric or non-parametric method to analyze the propagation time from meteorological drought to agricultural drought and hydrological drought. The KC′ was used to build a multivariable comprehensive meteorology–agriculture–hydrology drought index (MAHDI) that integrated meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought to analyze the characteristics of a comprehensive drought evolution. The Jinta River in the inland basin of northwestern China was used as the study area. The results showed that agricultural and hydrological drought had a seasonal lag time from meteorological drought. The degree of drought in this basin was high in the northern and low in the southern regions. MAHDI proved to be acceptable in that it was consistent with historical drought records, could catch drought conditions characterized by univariate drought indexes, and capture the occurrence and end of droughts. Nevertheless, its ability to characterize mild and moderate droughts was stronger than severe droughts. In addition, the comprehensive drought conditions showed insignificant aggravating trends in spring and summer and showed insignificant alleviating trends in autumn and winter and at annual scales. The results provided theoretical support for the drought monitoring in the Jinta River basin. This method provided the possibility for drought monitoring in other watersheds lacking measured data.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Aswathi ◽  
B. R. Nikam ◽  
A. Chouksey ◽  
S. P. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Health Index ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Drought is a recurring climatic event characterized by slow onset, a gradual increase in its intensity, and persistence for a long period depending upon the availability of water. Droughts, broadly classified into meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought, which are interconnected to each other. India, being an agriculture based economy depends primarily on agriculture production for its economic development and stability. The occurrence of agriculture drought affects the agricultural yield, which affects the regional economy to a larger extent. In present study, agricultural and meteorological drought in Maharashtra state was monitored using traditional as well as remote sensing methods. The meteorological drought assessment and characterization is done using two standard meteorological drought indices viz. standard precipitation index (SPI) and effective drought index (EDI). The severity and persistency of meteorological drought were studied using SPI for the period 1901 to 2015. However, accuracy of SPI in detection of sub-monthly drought is limited. Therefore, sub-monthly drought is effectively monitored using EDI. The monthly and sub-monthly drought mapped using SPI and EDI, respectively were then compared and assessed. It was concluded that EDI serves as a better indicator to monitor sub-monthly droughts. The agricultural drought monitoring was carried out using the remote sensing based indices such as vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health index (VHI), shortwave angle slope index (SASI) and the index which maps the agricultural drought in a better way was identified. The area under drought as calculated by various agricultural drought indices compared with that of the EDI, it was found that the results of SASI matched with results of EDI. SASI denotes different values for the dry and wet soil and for the healthy and sparse vegetation. SASI monitors the agricultural drought better as compared to other indices used in this study.</p>

The Alpine Drought Observatory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Greifeneder ◽  
Emilie Crouzat ◽  
Mario Fosatti ◽  
Gregor Gregoric ◽  
Klaus Haslinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Available Information

&lt;p&gt;Water scarcity and related conflicts are becoming a worrying topic in Alpine regions. Moreover, lowland regions far beyond the Alps suffer from missing water from the Alps. Thus, countries are urged to act on this topic with common strategies. To support this cause, the Interreg Alpine-Space project, Alpine Drought Observatory (ADO), aims to set up a virtual observatory for the monitoring of drought in the entire Alpine region and beyond this, to derive recommendations for improved risk preparedness and efficiency of drought management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ADO itself will be a transnational alpine-wide operational system with a web-interface (e.g. WebGIS, periodic reports) to access data and specific impact-oriented indices for monitoring droughts and their impacts. It will provide optimized observations and forecasts for mountainous areas, which could be integrated in existing EU-level monitoring systems (e.g. European Drought Observatory). Monitoring will be based on a fusion of existing approaches (e.g. meteorological drought indices, hydrological drought indices), and newly available information (e.g. remote sensing of snow and soil moisture), to provide an optimized set of drought indices and a common drought classification. One of the further project activities will be the collection and recording of specific drought impacts. This knowledge will help to relate meteo-hydrological indices to concrete, real world effects and thus significantly enhance their applicability for drought monitoring and management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ADO will be tested in six case studies in all alpine countries with local partners. The case studies represent different drought issues such as agricultural drought, hydrological drought or drought impact on ecosystems. Out of the case studies, guidelines for an improved drought risk management will be developed. Findings will be upscaled to recommendations for drought governance policies for the Alps. Main beneficiaries of project findings are institutions with decision-making capacities in the field of water management, energy production, and agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Analysis of Precipitation and Streamflow Data for Drought Assessment in an Unregulated Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Worapong Lohpaisankrit ◽  
◽  
Jessada Techamahasaranont ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

Predicting drought occurrence accurately still remains a challenging task. To fill research gaps, this study identified and analysed meteorological and hydrological droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), respectively, in the upper Lam Pao watershed in Thailand. The study also focused on investigating the relationships between both droughts. The SPI and SDI were computed based on observed long-term precipitation and streamflow data during the period of 1988-2017. The drought analysis was carried out by using the R packages. The location, period and severity level of drought events were graphically presented. On the basis of trend analysis, the SPI series showed slightly increasing trends, whereas no trend was found for the SDI series. This implied that the hydrological drought was influenced by not only precipitation but also other factors. The key findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts. In addition, there was a specific lag time, which may depend on physical characteristics of a basin, in drought propagating from meteorological drought to hydrological drought. Overall, the drought indices can help to predict hydrological drought events, which could be valuable information for drought monitoring and early warning systems.

scholarly journals Meteorological drought assessment using standardized precipitation index for different agro-climatic zones of Odisha

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
PANIGRAHI BALRAM ◽  
LIANSANGPUII FANAI
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mild Drought

In this paper standardized precipitation index (SPI) is used to assess meteorological drought for all 30 districts covering 10 agro-climatic zones in an eastern Indian state, Odisha. Monthly rainfall data of 115 years (1901-2015) for all 30 districts of Odisha are analyzed using SPI on 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month timescale. These timescales reflect the impact of drought on the availability of different water resources. Results indicate that in all the agro-climatic zones of Odisha, mild drought events have the highest frequencies of occurrence followed by moderate drought events for different timescales. Severe and extreme drought frequencies are comparatively lesser than mild and moderate drought frequencies. SPI analysis shows that 32-46 years are affected by mild drought, 4-16 years affected by moderate drought, 1-9 years are affected by severe drought and 1-5 years are affected by extreme drought during study period of 115 years in different agro-climatic zones of Odisha. It is observed 50.3% areas in the state are affected by drought in June out of which chances of occurrence of mild drought is maximum (28.7%). In the months of July, August and September, 51.7, 48.5 and 46.1% areas are affected by droughts. On average 49.15% areas of the entire state is affected by drought of various intensities out of which the share of mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought is 28.38, 13.28, 5.06 and 2.43%, respectively.

scholarly journals Drought propagation and construction of a comprehensive drought index based on the SWAT-<i>K</i><sub>C'</sub>: A case study for the Jinta River basin in Northwestern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Xiaoling Su ◽  
Kai Feng
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Variables

Abstract. Reliable drought monitoring and mastering the laws of drought propagation are the basis for regional drought prevention and resistance. Multivariate drought indicators considering meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological information may fully describe drought information; however, too short or missing hydrological variables in cold and arid regions make it difficult to monitor drought. This paper proposes a method combining SWAT and empirical Kendal distribution function (KC') for drought monitoring. The SWAT model, based on the principle of runoff formation, was used to simulate the hydrological variables of the drought evolution process. Three univariate drought indexes, namely meteorological drought (SPEI), agricultural drought (SSI), and hydrological drought (SDI) were constructed using parametric and non-parametric methods to analyze the propagation time of meteorological drought to agricultural drought and hydrological drought. The KC' was used to build a multivariable comprehensive Meteorology–Agriculture–Hydrology Drought Index (MAHDI) that takes into account meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought to analyze the characteristics of a comprehensive drought evolution. The Jinta River in the inland basin of northwest China was used as the study area. The results show that agricultural and hydrological drought have a seasonal lag time for meteorological drought. The degree of drought in the river basin is high in the northern and low in the southern regions. The MAHDI captured drought conditions characterized by a univariate drought index; however, the ability to characterize mild and moderate droughts is stronger than severe droughts. The index also captured the occurrence and end of drought time; therefore, it is an acceptable comprehensive drought index. In addition, the comprehensive drought conditions showed insignificant drought trends in spring and summer, and showed insignificant warm and humidification trends in autumn, winter and annual scale. The results provided theoretical support for the drought control in the Jinta River Basin. This method may be applied for drought monitoring in other watersheds with a shortage of measured data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document