scholarly journals Explanations and ˋEngineering Solutions'? Aspects of the relation between Minimalism and HPSG

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Borsley
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Unbounded Dependencies ◽  
Internal Merge

It is not simple to compare Minimalism and HPSG, but it is possible to identify a variety of differences, some not so important but others of considerable importance. Two of the latter are: (1) the fact that Minimalism is a very lexically-based approach whereas HPSG is more syntactically-based, and (2) the fact that Minimalism uses Internal Merge in the analysis of unbounded dependencies whereas HPSG employs the SLASH feature. In both cases the HPSG approach seems to offer a better account of the facts. Thus, in two important respects it seems preferable to Minimalism.

A Study in the History of Clare, Suffolk; with Special Reference to its Development as a Borough (Alexander Prize Essay, 1928)

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 83-115
Author(s):  
Gladys A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
South West ◽  
Full Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Prize Essay

Clare is situated in the south-west corner of Suffolk, in the valley of the Stour River. At the present day it is only a village, for its market is no longer held; yet its history shows that in earlier times it was of considerable importance, especially during the medieval period, when it was a favourite residence of the Clare lords. The town then had a busy market and a flourishing cloth-making industry; and at one time it seemed possible that Clare might attain full development as a borough, possessing as it did some burghal characteristics. In the following pages it is proposed to study in detail the history of Clare as a seignorial borough during the Middle Ages, and its subsequent development.

Datenschutzverstöße des Betriebsrats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenas Tilman Götz
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Works Council ◽  
Liability Risks ◽  
Personal Liability ◽  
Responsible Party

The work takes a comprehensive look at the possible liability in the event of data protection violations by the works council or by individual works council members. The question is of considerable importance in practice because works councils have to deal with numerous data in their daily work. In addition, a personal liability of works council members is possible - even in spite of the alleged clarification in the context of § 79a sentence 2 BetrVG. After a fundamental discussion of the question of whether the works council can be the responsible party within the meaning of Article 4 No. 7 of the GDPR, the work deals with the admissibility of Section 79a sentence 2 of the BetrVG under EU law. The author comes to the conclusion that § 79a S. 2 BetrVG is not compatible with the requirements of EU law and may not be applied due to this illegality of EU law. Existing case law is also comprehensively evaluated in the process.Subsequently, all liability facts of the German Civil Code (BGB) as well as of the GDPR are illuminated. Finally, possible liability risks for employers are discussed. Due to numerous practical examples, the work is ideally suited for practitioners.

Art. XXI.—The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Van. Part V

1894 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-732
Author(s):  
A. H. Sayce
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Importance

Since the publication of my last paper on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Van (J.R.A.S. Jan. 1893) a discovery of considerable importance has taken place. In 1890 Mr. de Morgan, now Director of the Service of Antiquities in Egypt, succeeded, at the risk of his life, in taking a squeeze of the inscription on the pillar of Keli-shin Ushnei, which I have described in the first part of this Memoir (J.R.A.S. XIV. p. 66, No. LVI.). He found that there was engraved upon the stele, not only the Vannic text which I have published, but also an Assyrian text which had never been noticed before.

V. An Account of the Greek Inscription on Pompey's Pillar, by Capt. W.M. Leake and Lieut. John Squire, in a Letter to Matthew Raine, D.D. F.A.S. and communicated by him in a Letter to the Rev. John Brand, Secretary

Archaeologia ◽  
1806 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
W.M. Leake ◽  
John Squire
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Of Greece

Will you be kind enough to lay before the Society the papers which accompany this note? The discovery seems to me to be of considerable importance, and the learned world must lament that young men so zealous in the cause of antient literature should have had the misfortune to lose by shipwreck many treasures collected in various parts of Greece.

V.—A Note on the Torbay Raised Beaches and on the Detached Blocks trawled in the English Channel

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 405-408
Author(s):  
A. R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Importance ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Coast Line ◽  
Raised Beaches

In Professor Prestwich's important paper on the Raised Beaches of the South of England the following passage occurs: “In Torbay there are small portions of a Raised Beach near Paignton…” As on the strength of this statement the line of Raised Beaches is carried in the map round the extreme present limits of Torbay, and the hitherto universally accepted doctrine, that Raised Beaches do not occur in the softer parts of the coast-line, is thus controverted, the assertion is one of considerable importance.

By Gods, Tongues, and Dogs: the use of Oaths in Aristophanic Comedy

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dillon
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Greek Religion ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Insight Into

The gods appear in nearly every passage of Aristophanic dialogue; it is hard to imagine more than five minutes passing in the comic theatre before hearing the name of an Olympian deity. This remarkable density is perhaps less telling than it might seem, for the vast majority of such references occur in oaths. Formally, an oath calls on one or more gods to witness (using the particles nē or ma) an assertion, a denial, or a promise. Less formally, simple oaths with nē or ma add colour and emphasis to colloquial language, somewhat like ‘swear words’ in English, and it is this usage which predominates in Aristophanes; to give just one example, the most popular oath ‘by Zeus’ occurs over 250 times in the eleven comedies. So common are these ‘oaths’ that they hardly seem worthy of the name; at most, they might seem to offer no more than insight into colloquial language at the profane level. Numerous instances, however, take issue with the institution of the oath itself and acquire considerable importance due to the integral role the oath played in Greek religion, especially given the state of that religion precisely during the period of Aristophanes' career, when traditional values were assaulted from numerous directions, and the forces of orthodoxy lashed back with a vengeance.

scholarly journals The Role of Imperial Women in the Monetary Distributions (Liberalitas) in Rome in the Light of Numismatic Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Balbuza
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Feminine

Abstract Liberalitas was one of the most important forms of social activities of the Roman emperors. In quantitative terms, it is also one of the five most important imperial virtues. It appeared on coins as Liberalitas Augusti, which gave this virtue an additional, divine dimension. The first Empress to depict the idea of imperial generosity on the coins issued on her behalf was Julia Domna. In this respect, her liberalitas coins mark a breakthrough in the exposition of this imperial virtue. The well-known female liberalitas coin issues, or imperial issues with empresses’ portraits, date back to the third century and clearly articulate the liberalitas, both iconographically and literally, through the legend on the reverse of the coin. Other coins, issued on behalf of the emperors (mainly medallions), accentuate in some cases (Julia Mamaea, Salonina) the personal and active participation of women from the imperial house in congiarium-type activities. The issues discussed and analysed, which appeared on behalf of the emperors or the imperial women – with a clear emphasis on the role of women – undoubtedly demonstrate the feminine support for the emperor’s social policy towards the people of Rome, including the various social undertakings of incumbent emperors, to whom they were related. They prove their active involvement and support for the image of the princeps created by the emperors through the propaganda of virtues (such as liberalitas). The dynastic policy of the emperors, in which the empresses played a key role, was also of considerable importance.

scholarly journals From Natural Language to RDF Graphs with Pregroups

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Delpeuch ◽  
Anne Preller
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Pregroup Grammars ◽  
Unbounded Dependencies ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Rdf Graphs

We define an algorithm translating natural language sentences to the formal syntax of RDF, an existential conjunctive logic widely used on the Semantic Web. Our translationis based on pregroup grammars, an efficient type-logical grammatical framework with atransparent syntax-semantics interface. We introduce a restricted notion of side effects inthe semantic category of finitely generated free semimodules over {0,1} to that end.The translation gives an intensional counterpart to previous extensional models.We establish a one-to-one correspondence between extensional models and RDF models such that satisfaction is preserved. Our translation encompasses the expressivity of the target language and supports complex linguistic constructions like relative clauses and unbounded dependencies.

scholarly journals Eighteen-month-old infants represent nonlocal syntactic dependencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (41) ◽  
pp. e2026469118
Author(s):  
Laurel Perkins ◽  
Jeffrey Lidz
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Power ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Core Property ◽  
Syntactic Development ◽  
Unbounded Dependencies ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Structural Configurations ◽  
Syntactic Dependencies

The human ability to produce and understand an indefinite number of sentences is driven by syntax, a cognitive system that can combine a finite number of primitive linguistic elements to build arbitrarily complex expressions. The expressive power of syntax comes in part from its ability to encode potentially unbounded dependencies over abstract structural configurations. How does such a system develop in human minds? We show that 18-mo-old infants are capable of representing abstract nonlocal dependencies, suggesting that a core property of syntax emerges early in development. Our test case is English wh-questions, in which a fronted wh-phrase can act as the argument of a verb at a distance (e.g., What did the chef burn?). Whereas prior work has focused on infants’ interpretations of these questions, we introduce a test to probe their underlying syntactic representations, independent of meaning. We ask when infants know that an object wh-phrase and a local object of a verb cannot co-occur because they both express the same argument relation (e.g., *What did the chef burn the pizza). We find that 1) 18 mo olds demonstrate awareness of this complementary distribution pattern and thus represent the nonlocal grammatical dependency between the wh-phrase and the verb, but 2) younger infants do not. These results suggest that the second year of life is a period of active syntactic development, during which the computational capacities for representing nonlocal syntactic dependencies become evident.

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