scholarly journals Phyllophagous arthropods of lime trees in the Summer Garden after its restoration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Жукова
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Phyllonorycter Issikii ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Erannis Defoliaria

Липы (р. Tilia) в Летнем саду составляют 95,4 от общего количества деревьев. С 2012 г. проводится мониторинг состояния древеснокустарниковой растительности сада и лип в частности. На липах отмечено 29 видов филлофагов, но значимые повреждения наносят только 9 видов, а степень их повреждения зависит от погодных условий. Так, в некоторые годы отмечалось массовое размножение Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (преимущественно на молодых деревьях), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, а в другие заметное снижение их численности. Отмечено, что на старовозрастных экземплярах преобладают повреждения Schizotetranychus telarius L. и Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. Тем не менее, на молодых экземплярах лип, высаженных в шпалеры и берсо, несмотря на высокую встречаемость благодаря мероприятиям по уходу степень повреждения насекомыми с 2014 г. снизилась и не превышает 10, а в некоторые годы отмечены лишь единичные повреждения. Массовое размножение Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg на высаженных липах в шпалерах и берсо, отмечаемое с 2011 г., снизилось к 2014 г. до единичных находок и в последующие года не превышало 10. Встречаемость остальных видов составила преимущественно 5 10, а повреждения, наносимые ими, как правило, единичны. Lime trees (genus Tilia) make 95.4 of the trees in the Summer Garden, SaintPetersburg. The monitoring of the state of trees and shrubs in the garden with lime trees in particular has been carried out since 2012. There are 29 species of phyllophages on lime trees, however only 9 species cause significant damage and the damage rate depends on the weather conditions. For instance, in some years, there was a mass reproduction of Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (mainly on young trees), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, and Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, while in other years there was a noticeable decline in these species abundance. It is noted that in oldage lime trees damage is mostly caused by Schizotetranychus telarius L. and Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. However, on young specimens planted in the trellises and berceaux, despite the high occurrence of the phyllophages, due to care measures the damage rate decreased since 2014 and have not exceeded 10. Moreover, in some years only isolated injuries were noted. The mass reproduction of Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg on the planted lime trees in the trellises and berceaux, observed since 2011, decreased by 2014 to single occurences and did not exceed 10 in the following years. The occurrence of other species is mainly 5 10, and the damage caused by them is usually sporadic.

scholarly journals Brown oak slender is a long known, but still little studied species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Уткина ◽  
В.В. Рубцов
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Mass Reproduction

Дубовая широкоминирующая моль Acrocercops brongniardella (Fabricius, 1798) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) давно известный и массово размножающийся в дубравах европейской части России, Украины, странах Западной Европы вид филлофаговминёров. В последние два десятилетия появились свидетельства увеличения её численности в ряде регионов. Вместе с тем до сих пор остаются пробелы в знаниях об особенностях развития этого вида. По мнению одних ученых, моль производит одно поколение в год, других два. Такое расхождение может быть связано с разной погодной ситуацией в разных местообитаниях или изменяющимися условиями одного и того же местообитания. При одновременном массовом размножении дубовой широкоминирующей моли и зимней пяденицы Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) дефолиация крон обеих феноформ дуба происходит поразному, что связано с тем, что первичную листву ранней формы дуба, повреждённую зимней пяденицей, моль не заселяет и начинает минировать листья дуба поздней и промежуточных форм, не повреждённых зимней пяденицей, что увеличивает уровень их дефолиации. После окукливания зимней пяденицы, при появлении на раннем дубе нежной вторичной листвы, дубовая широкоминирующая моль успешно её осваивает. Деревья дуба при этом испытывают более продолжительное и интенсивное повреждение листвы разных генераций, что сказывается на их текущем состоянии и дальнейшем развитии. Таким образом, при высокой плотности популяции зимней пяденицы она оказывает определенное давление на популяцию дубовой широкоминирующей моли, лишая её возможности питаться весенней листвой дуба ранней формы. Лёт бабочек дубовой широкоминирующей моли ежегодно продолжительный в течение всего летнего периода он проходит очень неравномерно в разных типах дубрав и существенно зависит от погодных условий. Ее высокая вредоносность сохраняется. Вспышка зимней пяденицы прекратилась после сильных морозов в январе феврале 2012 г. The brown oak slender Acrocercops brongniardella (F., 1798) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) is a wellknown species of leaf miners that has been widely reproducing in oak forests of the European part of Russia, Ukraine, and Western European countries. In the past two decades, evidence of an increase in its abundance and population density in some regions has appeared. However, there are still gaps in knowledge on the development features of this species. According to some authors, the moth produces one generation per year, while other authors indicate two. This discrepancy may be due to different weather conditions in different habitats, or the change in conditions of the same habitat. With simultaneous mass reproduction of the brown oak slender and the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), the defoliation of the crowns of both phenological forms of the oak occurs differently, due to the fact that the primary foliage of the early form of the oak damaged by the winter moth, the brown oak slender does not colonize and begins to mine the leaves of the oak of the late and intermediate forms not damaged by the winter moth. This increases the level of defoliation. After pupation of the winter moth, when delicate secondary foliage appears on early oak, the brown oak slender successfully utilizes it. At this point, oak trees experience a more prolonged and intensive damage to the foliage of different generations, which affects their current state and further development. Thus, at a high density of the winter moth population, it exerts a certain pressure on the population of the brown oak slender, depriving it of the opportunity to feed on the spring foliage of the earlyshaped oak. The flight of the brown oak slender is annually long, during the whole summer, but it occurs very unevenly in different types of oak forests and significantly depends on the weather conditions. The damage caused by the brown oak slender is still high. The outbreak of the winter moth stopped after a severe frost in January February of 2012.

scholarly journals Population structure of Drosophila suzukii and signals of multiple invasions into the continental United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M Lewald ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Derek A Wilson ◽  
Yoosook Lee ◽  
William R Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Invasions

Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila, is now an established pest in many parts of the world, causing significant damage to numerous fruit crop industries. Native to East Asia, D. suzukii infestations started in the United States a decade ago, occupying a wide range of climates. To better understand invasion ecology of this pest, knowledge of past migration events, population structure, and genetic diversity is needed. To improve on previous studies examining genetic structure of D. suzukii, we sequenced whole genomes of 237 individual flies collected across the continental U.S., as well as several representative sites in Europe, Brazil, and Asia, to identify hundreds of thousands of genetic markers for analysis. We analyzed these markers to detect population structure, to reconstruct migration events, and to estimate genetic diversity and differentiation within and among the continents. We observed strong population structure between West and East Coast populations in the U.S., but no evidence of any population structure North to South, suggesting there is no broad-scale adaptations occurring in response to the large differences in regional weather conditions. We also find evidence of repeated migration events from Asia into North America have provided increased levels of genetic diversity, which does not appear to be the case for Brazil or Europe. This large genomic dataset will spur future research into genomic adaptations underlying D. suzukii pest activity and development of novel control methods for this agricultural pest.

scholarly journals The cyclonic activity and frequency of dangerous weather phenomena over the territory of Belarus

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Katsiaryna M. Sumak ◽  
Inna G. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Severe Convection ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades in the world, and in the Republic of Belarus in particular, the question of the impact of weather conditions on the development of sectors of the economy and life of the population has become acute. The sudden changes in weather conditions can lead to adverse and dangerous weather phenomena that cause significant damage to the country’s economy. This paper examines the frequency of dangerous weather phenomena in cyclones of different trajectories that moved through the territory of the Republic of Belarus during the period of 1995–2015. It is identified that southern and western cyclones caused dangerous weather events over the territory of Belarus. The interannual and seasonal frequency of cyclones causing dangerous weather phenomena in Belarus was analyzed. It is shown that the largest number of southern and western cyclones was characteristic mainly for the summer period, as well as the transitional seasons of the year, therefore the dangerous weather phenomena were associated mainly with the development of severe convection on atmospheric fronts. Such phenomena as very heavy rain, snowfall and wind had the highest frequency in cyclones, as in southern as western trajectories. The share of strong sticking of wet snow and large hail were isolated cases and these phenomena were recorded locally over the territory of country.

scholarly journals A Bow-Echo and Severe Weather Observed Over Poland on 11th and 12th August, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Czesław Dyrcz
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Bow Echo ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village

Abstract The paper presents results of research based on analysis of weather conditions during the storm front on 11th and 12th August, 2017, which has been relocated through a significant area of Poland. The front with an unprecedented force struck the infrastructure of the Academic Training Centre in the village of Czernica (ATC Czernica) on 11th August, 2017 about 23:05 CET. Due to wind impact of near-hurricane force, significant damage in the facility’s infrastructure and the biggest losses are incurred in forest resources. The data from the front passage through Gdynia was observed on a mobile meteorological station located at the Naval Academy in Gdynia. Describing the phenomenon and displaying the losses caused is one of the historical goals set before the article, because such a rapid weather phenomenon has not been recorded in the more than 50-years history of the Center in Czernica.

scholarly journals Ipid bark beetle population assessment and threats to weaken pine stands in Central Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
A.A. Sobolev ◽  
◽  
U.S. Shipinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Health State ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Favorable Weather

The data on the ipid bark beetle population growth in pine plantations of Central Russia in 2020 was recorded. The formation of favorable weather conditions for the development of this depredator in some regions was recorded, which greatly influenced the successful development of the insect population in plantations, in particular in the Pskov, Vladimir, Moscow, Bryansk, Lipetsk, and Ryazan regions. In some areas, a medium and low spread of the bark beetle was revealed. The influence of meteorological conditions on the flight activity of the insect and the probability of the mass reproduction foci formation under the 2020 weather conditions were analyzed. The results of the study formed the basis for the forecast preparation of the sanitary and forest health state. It is recommended to use the materials of the article to determine the optimal period for carrying out measures to protect pine plantations from the ipid bark beetle.

scholarly journals Modern distribution, new breeding and moulting places of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor Gmelin) in the Leningrad region in 2005–2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kouzov ◽  
Anna Loseva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Mute Swan ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Cygnus Olor ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Centers Of Mass

The article presents new data on nesting and moulting places of Mute Swan Cygnus olor Gmelin in the Leningrad region, observed in 2005–2015, describes the current status of its breeding and moulting places in the region, discovered in previous decades. An analysis of the spatial and landscape distribution of this species and the nature of its changes in recent years is given. The analysis shows that a significant increase in the number of breeding sites and moulting of the Mute Swan in the Leningrad region has not led to a marked increase in the local population. New places are populated primarily by solitary nesting pairs and small groups of moulting individuals, unlike some of the previously populated centers of mass reproduction and moult on Kurgalsky Peninsula and Seskar archipelago, where initially there was a high density of breeding and moulting birds. It may be characterised as a very low territorial expansion of the nesting area, but mainly as the colonization of empty loci in its old borders. Such type of colonization along with strong inter-seasonal local population dynamics depending on weather conditions, show the presence of climatical limit of the distribution of the this species in the region. Refs 58. Figs 6. Tables 1.

scholarly journals Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1624) ◽  
pp. 20120488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry V Callaghan ◽  
Christer Jonasson ◽  
Tomas Thierfelder ◽  
Zhenlin Yang ◽  
Henrik Hedenås ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.

scholarly journals Succession dynamics of vegetation in the Slovak Karst Biosphere Reserve Landscape (Western Carpathians)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Ivan Vološčuk ◽  
Eva Uhliarová ◽  
Peter Sabo ◽  
Martina Škodová ◽  
Juaj Švajda
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos ◽  
European Method ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract The paper presents results acquired by an ecological analysis of vegetation succession on the field of the Slovak Karst in south-east Slovakia over the past 25 years. The data were collected on permanent research plots etsablished in 1983−1985 on the Plešivská Plateau (part of the Slovak Karst National Park and Biosphere Reserve). Changes in mesic and dry grassland vegetation of permanent field plots were evaluated in the same way both times according to the Central European method. Due to cessation of non-forest vegetationmanagement the majority, permanent plots isgradually overgrownby woody plants. Succession of vegetation runs faster on karst plateaux where the trees and shrubs invasion is accompanied by overgrowing of grassland vegetation with Brachypodium pinnatum and Calamagrostis epigejos, which are completly change their species composition. On the steep limestone slopes and karst rocky fields of the lower altitudes the secondary succession is ongoing slower and is subjected mainly to accumulation of soil. Succession of herb layer is firstly reflected in changes of species abundance and later in exchanges of dominant species and plant communities. It was also evaluated succession in two forest habitats. In the community Fagetum typicum was evaluated succession after the artificial spruce wind calamity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document