scholarly journals An Investigation into the Factors Influencing the Reduction of Construction Materials Wastage in Erbil City- KRG-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Factors Influencing

Container System Design Developments Over Two Decades

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
L. A. Harlander
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Speed Stability ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gantry Cranes

This paper reviews the progress made over the past 20 years in the design and handling of containers. Factors influencing present container dimensions and strength criteria are discussed, as well as the crucial activity to establish container standardization. The container itself—"the common denominator"—is addressed from the viewpoint of its fittings, design loads and construction materials; and the containership from the viewpoint of arrangements, size, speed, stability, stowage and economics. The author offers several conclusions following the last two sections of the paper, which cover the remaining components of the system, namely, the shoreside gantry cranes and terminal facilities.

scholarly journals Procedure for the recovery of the mined area in the deposit gravel - sand Rio Sagua, Holguin. Cuba

2014 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Alexis Montes de Oca-Risco ◽  
Mayda Ulloa-Carcassés ◽  
Suraymi García-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gravel Pits ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Flooded Areas

The gravel pits are exploitations to extract granular materials, sand and gravel in the alluvial river areas. Excavated voids are not very deep, unlike quarries and generally result in flooded areas. The company building materials in Holguin province has concessioned four deposit and within a gravel pit. The areas damaged by the exploitation of construction materials in the territory occupy about 75 ha, which causes a strong impact on the environment. For this reason it is proposed to develop a procedure to recover the deposit mined area in the gravel - sand Rio Sagua de Holguín as to achieve responsible mining. With the application of scientific methods analyzed the factors influencing the choice of recovery uses the mined area in the study area and developed a procedure consisting of five main stages. With the development of the procedure was shown that it can improve the social and environmental quality in the area affected by the mining activity.

The Importance of the Surface Preparation Method

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-83
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Mechanical Theory ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Energy Determination

In this chapter, the specific steps of the bonding operation were presented. Problems related to the preparation of surfaces to be glued together concerning different construction materials were described. In addition, attention was paid to the issues concerning the preparation of the adhesive mass, techniques of glue application, and the requirements necessary to be met during the mass curing time. The applied equipment necessary to obtain a durable adhesive bond was characterized. Due to many factors influencing the effects of gluing, the methods of assessing the strength of joints used in the industry were presented. The second part of the chapter analyzes the importance of preparing the material surface before applying the adhesive, the phenomenon of adhesion and cohesion, and the problem of ensuring proper wettability. Surface free energy determination issues and the mechanical theory of adhesion were also described in this chapter.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK IJUK DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PERINTANG FISIK SERANGAN RAYAP TANAH

PERENNIAL ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Astuti Arif ◽  
Musrizal Muin ◽  
. Syahidah
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Fiber Distribution ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Different Shapes

The fiber of sugar-palm tree Arenga pinnata Merr., locally known as ijuk, is traditionally used as covering to protect ground-contact wood construction materials although effectiveness of the material in protecting wood construction from biodeterioration has not been determined. In the current study, potential of the sugar-palm tree fiber as a physical barrier against termite attacks was analyzed in terms of their structure and physical characteristics. Samples of sugar-palm tree fibers from natural and marketed formations were prepared and determined for their fiber distribution, shapes, sizes, moisture content, density, and sheet grammage since these aspects were considered to be important factors influencing the penetration ability of termites. Results showed that each of the sugar-palm tree fibers has different shapes (half-round, round, rectangle) and different sizes (ranging from 0.05 to 1.00 mm in thickness). It was also found to have 3-5 ramifications with the angle of 10o – 30o. The process of branching out was supposed to initiate a natural insertion of each formed fiber to others. It is believed that fibers with particular arrangements are able to prevent the penetration or tunneling of termites. Keywords: Sugar- palm tree fiber, physical barrier, subterranean termites

scholarly journals Temperature, Humidity and Air Movement Variations Inside a Free-Stall Barn During Heavy Frost / Zróżnicowanie warunków cieplno-wilgotnościowych i ruchu powietrza w oborze wolnostanowiskowej podczas silnych mrozów

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Weather Changes

Abstract The paper presents results of research on the variability of temperature, humidity and air movement in selected areas of a free-stall barn during heavy frost. The study revealed the occurrence of unfavourable factors influencing microclimate in the barn. Some areas of the barn suffered from draughts, some were excessively exposed to sun or too shaded, which resulted in significant temperature and relative humidity fluctuations during the day as well as changes in air movement velocity. All these factors exerted an impact on cattle welfare. The conclusion points out the need to determine zones in the barn characterized by clearly different microclimatic conditions. In the studied example, these conditions were influenced by weather changes and depended on the orientation of the building to cardinal points as well as wall construction materials.

Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing the Functionality of Subgrade of Transport Constructions

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 821-826
Author(s):  
G. Dukhovny ◽  
S. Zolotykh ◽  
A. Bodyakov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Construction Management ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
Design Construction

Railway and highway subgrade is considered to be one of the most vulnerable elements of transport structures. Undoubtedly, its failure may cause serious delays or even traffic interruption. Moreover, subgrade reliability is affected by various material, technological, climatic, as well as, soil-related and geological factors. This paper presents the results of a structural analysis with impact matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) technique applied for the identification of the most essential factors based on the intensity of their influence on each other. By doing so, an opinion survey was undertaken through expert consultations with industry and academic representatives in the field of construction materials, design, construction and operation of railways and roads in order to increase the subgrade effectiveness and reliability. Based on the outcomes of the derived structural analysis, it can be concluded that the following factors are the most influential: strength, water and physical properties of the top subgrade layer material; optimal subgrade soil moisture monitoring during its maintenance; and construction management of subgrade. Targeted control of the mentioned factors in general, and the top subgrade layer properties in particular, mainly depends on the properties of applied materials. This condition is generic, regardless of a region where railways and roads are being operated.

Evaluation of Critical Factors Influencing Resource Allocation in Indian Construction Projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2774-2777
Author(s):  
M. Paranthaman Venkatesh ◽  
S. Muthalvan Renuka ◽  
Balasubramanian Malathi ◽  
C. Umarani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Factors Influencing

The problem of resource allocation in the construction industry is a global phenomenon. Resource allocation plays an important role in Indian construction projects. The effective resource management is a prerequisite for project success. This paper aims to identify the critical factors that influence the resource allocation in Indian construction projects in private and public sectors. From extensive literature survey and based on experts’ opinion, forty four factors influencing resource allocation in Indian construction industry were identified. For the quantitative confirmation of the effectiveness of factors influencing resource allocation during the construction stage of a project, a questionnaire survey was conducted with construction professionals like clients, consultants and contractors. Subsequently the collected data was analyzed using the descriptive statistical method and the factors were measured and ranked under each group with Impact index. The findings reveal that the eleven top most critical factors such as materials selection and changes in types and specifications during construction, improper maintenance of equipment, shortage in construction materials, financing between the owner and contractor, force majeure (Fire, Wind damage, Hurricane, Flood), shortage of labours , poor procurement of materials, skill of labours, available of equipment and poor quality of materials. Results show that there is relatively highest agreement between contractor and consultant of about 66.7%. The resources like manpower, materials and equipment related factors are having a total contribution of about 60% and other groups are having of about 40% in resource allocation. However this paper presents recommendations for a better resource management techniques and procedures which can be adopted during conceptual , detailed planning and execution phases of the construction project.

Formation of Efflorescence on the Surface of Construction Products in the Process of their Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1122 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigory Yakovlev ◽  
Alena Politaeva ◽  
Arina Shaybadullina ◽  
Anastasiia Gordina ◽  
Alexander Buryanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Second Year

The factors influencing the formation of efflorescence of construction materials are connected with the increased solubility of the ingredients of construction materials. Efflorescence may accumulate under some less permeable decorative paint layers and cause their peeling from the surface of a building structure, its decorative properties being completely lost. At the same time, the formation of efflorescence not only as white bloom, but also as "blooming" of the surfaces of materials due to the formation of new chemical compounds is possible. Similar processes occur in the process of operation of coloured pavers manufactured wth vibrocompression of cement and sand mortars with the addition of colouring pigments. The main source of efflorescence is calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 which is formed in hardening cement. The alkaline nature leads to its intensive interaction with carbon dioxide CO2. This efflorescence in the second year of operation, as a rule, does not resume due to the carbonation of calcium hydroxide in the structure of set cement.

Factors influencing adhesive bonding at the bone/implant interface

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1115
Author(s):  
Julie A. Martini ◽  
Robert H. Doremus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lr White ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tracy and Doremus have demonstrated chemical bonding between bone and hydroxylapatite with transmission electron microscopy. Now researchers ponder how to improve upon this bond in turn improving the life expectancy and biocompatibility of implantable orthopedic devices.This report focuses on a study of the- chemical influences on the interfacial integrity and strength. Pure hydroxylapatite (HAP), magnesium doped HAP, strontium doped HAP, bioglass and medical grade titanium cylinders were implanted into the tibial cortices of New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, the implants were retrieved for a scanning electron microscopy study coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy.Following sacrifice and careful retrieval, the samples were dehydrated through a graduated series starting with 50% ethanol and continuing through 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100% ethanol over a period of two days. The samples were embedded in LR White. Again a graduated series was used with solutions of 50, 75 and 100% LR White diluted in ethanol.

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